Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of micronised fenofibrate on lipid and uric acid metabolism in patients with hyperlipidemia.Methods: A total of 116 patients with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia received 200 mg micronised fenofibrate for 4 weeks.Physical and laboratory investigations of lipid profiles,serum uric acid,and 24 h urine uric acid,for adverse effects were assessed.Results:(1) Serum triglyceride(TG) was significantly reduced by 51%,whilst high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) increased 24% after 4-week fenofibrate treatment.Moreover,serum total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were reduced by 10% and 12%,respectively.(2) Serum uric acid levels were significantly reduced by 28.3% [from(462.8?73.5) ?mol/L to(320.1?83.0) ?mol/L] after fenofibrate treatment,independent of baseline uric acid le-vels.There was no difference in serum uric acid changes between male gender and female gender(29.8% and 25.1%,respectively).(3) Urine uric acid levels were increased by 36.0% [from(2 874.2?503.4) ?mol/L to(3 604.2?769.7) ?mol/L].The urine uric acid changes were 41.1% in male gender group and 33.4% in female gender group.The uric acid clearance/creatinin clearance ratio was increased in all cases after treatment.Conclusion: Micronised fenofibrate treatment could significantly improve lipid and uric acid metabolism in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia,and is ge-nerally safe and well tolerated.The anti-hyperuricemic effect of fenofibrate is a result of increasing the urinary excertion of uric acid,independent of baseline level and gender.

Insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, independent autonomic neuropathy are high risk factors for gallstone formation in type 2 diabetic patients. In recent years, there have been a lot of new developments on the relationship between type 2 diabetes and gallstones, such as adiponectin, leptin and metabolic syndrome, etc. Based on these studies, the risk factors of type 2 diabetes complicated with gallstones are summarized in this paper.

Objective To determine the risk factors of gallstones. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 4087 patients with gallstones (the study group) and 20435 individuals without gallstones (the control group) at the Health Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between January 2007 to May 2010. Using age and sex, the study and the control groups were matched in 1 : 5 ratio. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test and conditional logistic regression.Results Univariate analysis showed significant differences in diabetic mellitus (DM), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastalic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH) and body mass index (BMI) between the study and the control groups (P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that DM, SBP, HDL-CH and BMI were associated with gallstones, and their adjusted odds ratio (95％ confidence interval) were 0. 825 (0. 736 ～0. 925), 0. 908 (0. 828～0. 996), 1. 211 (1. 056～1. 389) and 0. 746 (0. 691～0. 805), respectively.The incidences of total cholesterol (TCH) and low deasity dipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) were not significantly different between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionsDM、SBP、HDL-CH and BMI were found to be the risk factors for gallstones. To prevent gallstones, weight reduction, blood pressure control and normalization of blood lipid are important measures.

Objective To explore risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with gallstone disease. Methods The clinical data of 429 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with gallstone disease (case group) and 2145 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without gallstone disease (control group) were collected from the Health Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2007 to May 2010. According to sure (SBP), diastolic blood pressnre (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) and body mass index (BMI) were statistically analyzed by fourfold table chi-square test or conditional Logistic regression.Results Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of SBP, FBG, TC, HDL-CH and BMI between the case group and the control group (x2 =20.323, 4.365, 4.028, 7.049, 7.319, P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that SBP, TC, HDL-CH and BMI were risk factors for gallstone disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (x2 = 18. 047, 6. 905, 12. 884, 7. 557, P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Increased SBP, TC and BMI and decreased HDL-CH may be the risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with gallstone disease.

Background and purpose: High expression of telomerase and telomere stability are two common features in tumor cell. hTERT is a catalytic subunit of telomerase, TRF2 is extremely important to maintain the length and stability of telomerase. This study was to construct the recombinant adenovirus mediated shRNA to hTERT and TRF2, and to investigate the inhibitory effects of the vector by solo-inhibiting and connect-inhibiting in the MCF-7 cells, in order to present a new approach to the gene therapy for breast cancer. Methods: rAd-hTERT and rAd-TRF2 were constructed and the expression of hTERT mRNA and TRF2 mRNA were tested by FQ-PCR 48 hours after transfecting in MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry 1 to 6 days after transfection. Results: ①At 48 hours after transfection, the results of FQ-PCR showed that compared to PBS group, the expression of hTERT in rAd-hTERT group was obviously decreased and the inhibition ratio was about 86%, but TRF2 had not been obviously inhibited (P>0.05);the expression of TRF2 in rAd-TRF2 group was obviously decreased and the inhibition ratio was about 80%, but hTERT had not been obviously inhibited (P>0.05);in rAd-hTERT/rAd-TRF2 group, the inhibition ratio of hTERT and TRF2 were about 88% and 85%. Comparing rAd-hTERT/rAd-TRF2 group with rAd-hTERT group and rAd-TRF2 group, there were no significant differences of inhibition ratio between hTERT gene and TRF2 gene(P>0.05). Otherwise, comparing rAd-HK group, rAd-blank group with PBS group, there were no significant differences of inhibition ratio between hTERT gene and TRF2 gene(P>0.05). ②The result of flow cytometry showed that apoptosis was induced at the first day after transfecting in rAd-hTERT group and rAd-TRF2 group, the most obvious apoptosis was in the 3rd to 5th days,at the peak in the 5th day, and decreased in the 6th day after transfection. The apoptosis ratio of rAd-hTERT group was 46.2%, rAd-TRF2 group was 43.5%. The apoptosis ratio of rAd-hTERT/rAd-TRF2 group was 46.2% at first day, 68.5% at the second day, the most obvious apoptosis was in the 3rd to 6th days and was 77.6% in the 6th days in rAd-hTERT/rAd-TRF2 group. There were significant differences in apoptosis ratio in solo-inhibiting and connect-inhibiting(P<0.05). In addition, comparing rAd-HK group, rAd-blank group with PBS group, there were no significant differences in apoptosis ratio(P>0.05). Conclusion: ①Target sequence of RNAi which aimed at hTERT gene and TRF2 gene was designed efficiently, and the RNAi expression vectors were seen in vivo study efficiently and specifically inhibited the correspond gene expression and promoted cell apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. ②rAd-hTERT vector and rAd-TRF2 vector have no synergistical effect and antagoinstical effect on inhibiting hTERT gene and TRF2 gene mRNA expressing in MCF-7, but there was synergistical effect in terms of the induction of apoptosis. So association-RNAi-technique targeting to the genes of telomere length and stability can effectively promote tumor cell into apoptosis and inhibit breast cancer cell growth. RNAi technique of connecting correlation genes is a more effective gene therapy strategy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate biomechanical properties of transoralpharyngeal atlantoaxial reduction plate (TARP) prepared from magnesium alloy and titanium alloy for the atlantoaxial dislocation by using three-dimensional finite element analysis and to exam the feasibility of using magnesium alloy for preparation of TARP system so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical surgery.MethodsA patient with typical atlantoaxial fracture dislocation was involved in the study,and received thin CT scan with clinically used titanium alloy TARP system for obtaining DICOM image data.Three-dimensional finite element analysis software was imported to simulate magnesium alloy and titanium alloy TARP systems for reduction and fixation.Then,stress changes of the atlas,axis,internal fixators and C2/3 zygapophysial joints were determined with three-dimensional finite element analysis and analyzed statistically.Results ( 1 ) The finite element model of atlantoaxial dislocation reduction and fixation had lifelike outline and good geometric similarity.There were 53 586 nodes and 180 784 units.(2) During the simulation of head in neutral position,the stress concentration region was C2/3 zygapophysial joints followed by the anterior arch,posterior arch and lateral mass of atlas respectively,and C2 vertebral arch again.( 3 )Magnesium alloy and titanium alloy TARP systems showed significant difference in stress distribution (P ＜0.05).Conclusions(1)The atlantoaxial model established according to its structure information on CT can be used for biomechanical experiments.(2) For the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation using the existing titanium TARP system,maintaining the integrity of anterior and posterior arch of atlas and confirming the bone fusion in lateral mass can better keep the stability of the atlantoaxis.After atlantoaxial fusion,the increased stress of the zygapophysial joints of the adjacent segments accelerates structural degeneration,which should be closely followed up.( 3 ) Magnesium alloy TARP system for fixation and reduction shows the fall in peak value of the stress concentration region,and improvement of the uniformity of stress distribution as compared with titanium alloy TARP.

Adolescent ; Aged ; Aspergillosis ; microbiology ; pathology ; Aspergillus ; isolation & purification ; Brain Diseases ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Diabetes Complications ; microbiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mucorales ; isolation & purification ; Mucormycosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Nose Diseases ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; pathology ; surgery

Adult ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Melanosis ; pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To investigate the risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma,so as to provide theoretical base for the prevention of gallbladder carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 153 patients with gallbladder carcinoma (gallbladder carcinoma group) who were admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 300 patients with cholecystolithiasis (cholecystolithiasis group) and 300 patients without gallbladder carcinoma or cholecystolithiasis (control group)were collected and matched at the ratio of 1∶2 to conduct the controlled study.Data were statistically analyzed by the Chi-square test and conditional Logistric regression.Results Univariate analysis showed significant difference in age,history of cholecystolithiasis,postmenopausal age,accumulated menstrual period,giving birth or not and number of birth between gallbladder carcinoma group and control group ( x2 =58.22,180.14,9.59,24.30,18.66,15.17,P ＜0.05).Age,history of cholecystolithiasis,accumulated menstrual period and number of birth were the independent risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma (x2 =55.76,180.95,24.30,8.54,P ＜ 0.05).The risk of having gallbladder carcinoma in patients who had a history of cholecystolithiasis was 34 times higher than those who did not have the history of cholecystolithiasis (OR =34.22).Late postmenopausal age (51 -55 years old),longer accumulated menstrual period ( ≥30 years),and the number of birth ( 3 times) were associated with higher risk of gallbladder carcinoma (OR =3.96,9.68,3.51 ). Age,course of cholecystolithiasis and accumulated menstrual period and number of birth were the risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma when comparing patients who have history of cholecystolithiasis in the gallbladder carcinoma group with those in the cholecystolithiasis group (x2 =70.66,16.66,11.59,4.69,P ＜ 0.05 ).Age,course of cholecystolithiasis and accumulated menstrual period were the independent risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma ( x2 =64.29,8.82,5.58,P ＜ 0.05).The risk of gallbladder carcinoma increased as the increase of age and course of cholecystolithiasis. The accumulated menstrual period ≥ 30 years was also a risk factor of gallbladder carcinoma. Conclusions Age,history of cholecystolithiasis,course of cholecystolithiasis,accumulated menstrual period and number of birth may be the risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma.For patients with age above 60 years and course of cholecystolithiasis above 3 years,cholecystectomy should be conducted to reduce the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma,and great importance should be attached to female patients with indications mentioned above.