Objective To investigate the effects of rocuronium on the neuromuscular junction of rat diaphragm. Methods One hundred and sixty rats were used in the study which was approved by the Animal Care Committee of the General Hospital of PLA. In isolated non-uniformly stretched muscle preparation (INSMP) of rat diaphragm, micro-endplate potentials (MEPP) and endplate potentials (EPP) were recorded simultaneously with one microelectrode of one endplate. The effects of rocuronium in dosages of 2.5, 5, 10, 20?g/ml on the amplitude and frequency of MEPP and the amplitude of EPP were observed. Results Rocuronium could decrease both the amplitude and frequency of MEPP obviously and the onset time was 1min after drug administration. The amplitude of EPP was depressed by rocuronium in a dose of 5?g/ml at 3min. Neither 2.5?g/ml nor 0.5?g/ml of rocuronium produced any effect on the amplitude of EPP. Conclusion The results indicated that rocuronium might produce a rapid and early presynaptic effect on neuromuscular junction in INSMP in rats.

Objective To study the clinical feature and original diseases of bone marrow granulomas. Methods A total of 5217 bone marrow biopsies were retrospecitively analyzed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2001 to December 2007. Results Bone marrow granulomas were present in 20 cases, representing an incidence of 0.38% in the series and an annual incidence of 2. 9 cases per year. Finally, 13 of these cases (65%) were diagnosed with tuberculosis. Hematological neoplasms and viral hepatitis were found in 4 and 2 cases respectively. Acute interstitial nephritis was diagnosed in one case. Conclusions The finding of a granuloma in a bone marrow biopsy is not common and unspecific.Tuberculosis, hematological neoplasms and viral hepatitis are the most common underlying diseases. Bone marrow biopsy is an important method for the diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) as an autoimmune disease,is the most common clinical hemorrhagic disease.But,its pathogenesis is not completely clear yet.Low platelet count can easily repeate in chronic ITP patients,there are poor efficacy in refractory ITP patients,too.In recent years,a series of important progress on the pathogenesis of ITP had been made.In the humoral mechanism,there were significant progress on the emergence of autoantibodies;the theory on anomaly of the megakaryocyte quantity and quality caused by autoantibody were put forward.In the cellular mechanisms,the theory on reduction in the number of Tr cells,Co-stimulative signal and platelets directly dissolved by cytotoxicity T cells were put forward also.This review will be made to sum up the study progress on the pathogenesis of ITP.

Objective To explore the significance of the changes of serum B cell activating factor(BAFF) in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Methods The concentrations of BAFF were detected by ELISA in 42 children with ITP(test group) before and after treatment in the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from Apr.to Nov.2008,the blood platelet count(BPC) was detected also.And 40 children who were operated selectively were selected as control group.The variation of concentrations of BAFF were analyzed among children with ITP before,after treatment and control group.Moreover,the relationship between serum BAFF expression and BPC were analyzed by the Pearson test.Results The concentrations of serum BAFF were higher in children with ITP before treatment compared with that in control group [(0.943 3?0.583 5) ?g?L-1 vs(0.538 9?0.234 7) ?g?L-1,P0.05).There was negative correlation between serum BAFF expression and BPC(r=-0.305,P

AlM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of canalicular intubation combined with external dacryocystorhinostomy ( ext-DCR ) for treatment of chronic dacryocystitis and upper lacrimal duct stenosis.
METHODS:Thirty-three patients (33 eyes) with chronic dacryocystitis and upper lacrimal duct stenosis who underwent canalicular intubation combined ext-DCR were retrospective analyzed. The silicon tube was indwelt for 6mo. All cases were re-examined 1wk;1, 3, 6, 9mo post-operation, flow of tears, pus excretion and lacrimal duct clearance were observed.
RESULTS: Clear lacrimal duct ratio was 100% in all cases during 1wk~6mo post-operation; Silicon tube was removed 6mo post-operation, 3mo after tube removal, rechecking reported 32 cases with clear lacrimal duct (97%) and 1 case with resistant duct (3%). Two cases ( 6%) with minor lacerations, no other complications were observed.
CONCLUSlON: Canalicular intubation combined ext-DCR is an effective treatment for chronic dacryocystitis and upper lacrimal duct stenosis.

Objective:To explore the relationship among occupational benefits,turnover intention and quality of life in nurses using structural equation model,thus to provide evidence for improving the quality of life.Method:We conduct a survey among 965 nurses using the general information questionnaire,the occupational benefits scale,turnover intention scale (TIS) and the SF-36 scale.Restult:The total score of occupational benefits was (135.79 ± 18.82),the TIS score was (13.48 ±4.11),and the SF-36 score was (532.91 ± 141.75).There was a positive correlation between occupational benefits and the quality of life,and the turnover intention was negatively correlated with the quality of life.Structural equation model analysis showed that the occupational benefits and turnover intention had a direct significant effect on nurses' quality of life;occupational benefits has a direct negative effect on turnover intention,and indirectly effects quality of life of nurse through the mediating effect of turnover intention.Conclusion:The nurses' quality of life needs to be improved,and occupational benefits and turnover intention have significant prediction effect on quality of life.

Objective To review and analyse the CT distinguishing features of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC)for improving the level of image diagnosis of the disease.Methods CT images and clinical details of 19 patients with biopsy or surgery pathology con-firmed PC were reviewed and analysed.Results Nodules or masses were presented in 10 cases,in which most casescases were nod-ules,lesions ranged in diameter from 1 cm to 2.5 cm.Multiple nodules were easy to fuse.Consolidation were presented in 6 cases,with high attenuation and clear border.3 cases were mixed type,with nodule,mass consolidation and ground glass attenuation.The lesions were mostly located in the inferior lobes(47%)and peripheral lung(68%).The features of pleural thickening,air bronchus sign,halo sign and cavitations were observed in 42%,36%,26%,21% of patients respectively.Conclusion CT findings of PC are diversity.The lesions are mostly located in the inferior and peripheral lung.Lesions are mild to moderate enhanced.Pleural thickening,air bronchus sign,halo sign,cavitations will be useful for the diagnosis.

Objective To explore the treatment effect and mechanism of A-NK cells on the subcutaneous trans?planted tumor of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice through observing the external growth and hyperplasia of A-NK cells and to provide theoretical evidence for squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Methods A-NK cells and NA-NK cells were both derived from healthy human peripheral blood and cultured in vitro. Cell growth was observed under micro?scope. The squamous cell carcinoma model in nude mice was established through subcutaneous implanting of Tca8113 cells. Then they were randomly assigned into three groups who were injected with either saline solution, or A-NK cells or NA-NK cells paraneoplastically. All animals were sacrificed after 33 days when tumor were isolated then weight and change in tumor size were assessed. Finally curve of tumor growth was drawn. Results Under the microscope, the proliferation of A-NK cells peak in 15 days and NA-NK cells peak in 12 days. After 3 weeks, the number of A-NK cells increased by 39.33 times while the number of NA-NK cells increased by 16.33 times. The Volume of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in saline solu?tion group was larger than that in A-NK cells and NA-NK cells groups, and volume in the NA-NK cells group was larger than that in A-NK cells group. The volume of tongue neoplasms in different groups, time, and interaction effects are statisti?cally significant (P<0.01). The tongue neoplasms weight in the saline solution group was greater than that in the A-NK cells and NA-NK cells group, and the weight in NA-NK cells group was greater than that in A-NK cells group, and the difference are statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion A-NK cells and NA-NK cells can significantly inhibit the subcutane?ous transplanted tumors in nude mice and the anti tumor effect of A-NK group is stronger than NA-NK.

Objective To analyze the impact of tripterygium glycosides (TG) on the expression of CXCR3 and CCR4 gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) rats, and to explore the possible mechanism for regulation of Th1/Th2 balance by TG. Methods EAT was induced in 20 rats, which were randomly divided into two groups, i.e., control group and TG group, to receive intragastric physiological saline and TG suspension (5.5 mg/kg) daily, respectively. The rats were killed 4weeks later, and total RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rats and used for cRNA synthesis. The gene expressions of CXCR3 and CCR4 were detected with a Th1-Th2-Th3 microarray gene chip and realtime RT-PCR. Results Compared with the control group, there was a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of CXCR3 (0.52 ± 0.10 vs. 1.05 ± 0.17, P < 0.01 ) and CXCR3/CCR4 ratio (0.39 ± 0.22 vs. 1.04 ± 0.12, P< 0.01) in the TG group, together with an increase in the mRNA expression of CCR4 (1.56 ±0.13 vs. 1.02 ± 0.09, P < 0.01 ). Conclusions TG could regulate the number of Th1 and Th2 cells as well as their cytokine expression ratio likely by reducing CXCR3 and enhancing CCR4 expression, so as to modulate the Th1/Th2 balance in EAT rats.

Objective To evaluate the potentiation of neuromuscular block produced by rocuronium during isoflurane anesthesia. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ patients (39 male, 21 female), aged 18-56 yr, weighing 42-88 kg undergoing ENT, oral or facial plastic surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were premedicated with atropine 0.01 mg?kg-1 . Anesthesia was induced with diazepam 0.1 mg?kg-1 , pethidine 1mg?kg-1 and droperidol 50?g?kg-1. Oro- or naso-tracheal intubation was accomplished under topical anesthesia. After intubation the patients received hydroxydione 2.5 g and fentanyl 5 ?g?kg-1 . The patients were mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 50% N2O in O2 alone (groupⅠ) or combined with 0.6% isoflurane (group Ⅱ ) or 1.2% isoflurane (group Ⅲ ) . A bolus of rocuronium 0.6 mg?kg-1 was given during maintenance of anesthesia. Neuromuscular function was monitored using TOF response measured by accelerography (Biometer, Denmark). (1) Onset time (time from the end of injection to maximum depression of T1 ) , (2) the duration of T1 = 0, (3) time from the end of injection to recovery of T1 to 25% , 50% and 90% control, (4) recovery index (time from T, 25%-75%) were recorded. End-tidal isoflurane concentration was monitored.Results The onset time was significantly longer in group Ⅰ[ (1.7?0.2) min] than that in group Ⅱ[ (0.9?0.1) min] and groupⅢ[(0.8?0.1) min] ( P