Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are important components in Chinese medicine industry. However, the lack of big brand is becoming an urgent problem which is critical to the survival of SMEs. This article discusses the concept and traits of Chinese medicine of big brand, from clinical, scientific and market value three aspects. Guided by market value, highlighting clinical value, aiming at the scientific value improvement of big brand cultivation, we put forward the key points in cultivation, aiming at obtaining branded Chinese medicine with widely recognized efficacy, good quality control system and mechanism well explained and meanwhile which can bring innovation improvement to theory of Chinese medicine. According to the characters of SMEs, we hold a view that to build multidisciplinary research union could be considered as basic path, and then, from top-level design, skill upgrading and application three stages to probe the implementation strategy.
China ; Drug Industry ; economics ; standards ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Quality Control

Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors of elderly patients with noscomial Candidemia in intensive care unit. Methods A retrospective study was carried out in 75 elderly patients with noscomial Candidemia from 2001 to 2008. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to find the correlations of prognosis with clinical and biochemical parameters. Results A total of 75 Candida strains were isolated from blood. The proportion of non-albicans species reached to 70.7%. Fluconazole-resistant candidiasis was increased. Overall mortality rate was 48.0%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that septic shock, comorbid bacteremia, higher serum creatinine and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score more than 10 were independent predictors for in-hospital mortality (Ward=6.34, 5.15, 8.04, 6.82, all P＞0.05). Conclusions Noscomical Candidemia in elderly critical illness patients leads a high mortality, the proportion of nonalbicans species and fluconazole-resistant candidiasis increase. The blood culture and drug sensitive test should be performed routinely to provide proper evidence for antifungal therapy. Monitoring the high risk factors, effective and reasonable therapeutics are the guarantee for reducing the mortality induced by Candidemia.

Chinese medicinal formulae( CMF) were often used in the clinics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which were critical for modernization of Chinese medicine to shed light on the interaction between CMF and biological organisms. In current studies, correlation between system and part, macroscopic actions and microcosmic mechanism, ADME process and pharmacologic actions were often neglected. Thus, we put forward integrative pharmacology, which could integrate the correlation between CMF and biological organisms from multi-levels and multi-dimensional views. Integrative pharmacology would reveal the molecular mechanism of CMF for ailments treatment and screen out effective material systematically, which would be the new paradigm of TCM research.
Absorption ; Computational Biology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Pharmacology ; methods ; trends ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVE: To observe the preventive and therapeutic effects of Yishen Huanji Decoction (YSHJD), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on military overtraining-induced kidney injury in a rat model. METHODS: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, untreated group and YSHJD-treated group. The military overtraining-induced kidney injury in rats was established by forcing to run on the treadmill for 8 weeks. The rats in YSHJD-treated group were administered with YSHJD at the same time. The 24-hour urines were collected every weekend for detecting the contents of urinary sediment, 24-hour urine total protein, 24-hour urine albumin and activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). The blood and renal tissues were collected after 8-week training, and the levels of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (SCr) were detected. Angiotensin II (Ang II) was detected by radioimmunoassay and activity of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in kidney was analyzed by chemical colorimetric method. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, after 8-week training, the contents of 24-hour urine protein, activities of NAG in urine, and the levels of BUN and SCr in rats in the untreated group and YSHJD-treated group were obviously increased (P<0.05), and these parameters of the YSHJD-treated group were lower than those of the untreated group (P<0.05). The contents of Ang II in blood plasma and kidney of rats in the untreated group and YSHJD-treated group were higher than those of the normal control group (P<0.05), and had no statistical difference between the untreated group and YSHJD-treated group. Compared with the normal control group, the activity of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in kidney of rats in the untreated group was obviously decreased (P<0.05), and had no statistical difference between the normal control group and YSHJD-treated group. CONCLUSION: YSHJD can protect against military overtraining-induced kidney injury in rats by decreasing the contents of 24-hour urine protein, BUN and SCr, and the activity of NAG, and increasing the activity of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase.

Objective To observe the effect of vitamin D on angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in Wister rat models of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods The rat models of ALI induced by LPS were established by intravenous injection of LPS via tail vein.Thirty Wistar rats were randomly (random number) divided into 6 groups:normal control group,LPS group,calcitriol (25 μg/kg) group,LPS + calcitriol 1 μg/kg group,LPS + calcitriol 5 μg/kg group and LPS + calcitriol 25 μg/kg group.The changes of general condition,lung pathology,lung wet/dry weight ratio and changes of VDR mRNA and ACE2 mRNA expressions and protein levels of VDR and ACE2 in rats were observed.Results The clinical manifestations (rapid shallow breathing;listlessness;the oral and nose hemorrhage) in LPS group were obvious,and the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of lung tissues in the LPS + calcitriol groups were significantly milder than those in LPS group.The expressions of VDR mRNA and ACE2 mRNA in LPS group was significantly lower than those in normal control group and calcitriol group (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of VDR mRNA and ACE2 mRNA in LPS + calcitriol groups were significantly higher than those in LPS group (P ＜ 0.05),and lower than those in normal control group significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,among LPS + calcitriol groups,there was no significant difference in expression of VDR mRNA (P ＞ 0.05) and there was significant difference in ACE2 mRNA expression (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Calcitriol can increase the expressions of VDR mRNA and ACE2 mRNA and protein levels of VDR and ACE2 in rat models of LPS-induced ALI,thus suggesting the increased expressions of ACE2 mRNA and VDR mRNA playing a role in protection against the development of ALI.

Objective To study the application of native pelvis and ureter in kidney transplantation. Methods Between 1977 and 2001, 1 364 kidney transplantations were performed in our institution. 18 cases of ureteral complication after kidney transplantation were treated with native pelvis and ureter. The mean age of the patients was 42 years. In 10 patients with urine leakage, 3 cases underwent pyeloureterostomy using native ureter, 2 cases ureteroureterostomy using native ureter and 5 cases pyelopyelostomy using native pelvis. Five cases due to short ureter underwent ureteroureterostomy using native ureter. Three cases of ureteral stenosis were subjected to ureteroureterostomy using native ureter.Results Two grafts were rejected. Sixteen patients developed a normal function of kidney postoperatively (follow up: 3 months to 8 years). Conclusion Application of native pelvis and ureter might be a therapy of choice when secondary reconstruction by re-ureteroneocystostomy is not possible.

Objective To investigate the activating effect of HBV X protein on transcription of calgizzarin S100A11 gene promoter. Methods The sequence of calgizzarin S100A11 gene promoter was identified in GenBank by bioinformatics and amplified from HepG2 genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified product was cloned into pCAT3 reporter vector. The HepG2 cells were transfected by pCAT3-S100-p, and then co-tranfected by pCAT3-S100-p and pcDNA3.1(-)-X. The choloraphenical acetyltransferase(CAT) activity was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kit. Results It was shown that pCAT3-S100-p could regulate the expression of CAT in HepG2 cells. The expression of CAT in co-transfection of pCAT3-S100-p and pcDNA3.1(-)-X was 2.1 fold higher than pCAT3-S100-p plasmid. Conclusion HBV-X protein can trans-activate the expression of S100A11 protein, and it further proved our previous results by SSH and biochips.

Objective To study the preventive and therapeutic effects of losartan and vitamin E on kidney injury induced by overtraining in a rat model. Methods Forty SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 each): control group, model group, losartan group and vitamin E group. Rats in control group were fed with conventional diet. Rats in other three groups were forced to run on the treadmill for 8 weeks, once a day for 20 minutes and 5 days for each week, till exhaustion to induce the kidney injury. Rats in losartan group and vitamin E group were gavaged either with losartan or vitamin E everyday. Urine was collected at the end af each week, urine protein and N-acety-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were detormined, and the serum urea nitrogen, creatinine (SCr), angiotensin Ⅱ, Na+-K+-ATP-ase activity in kidney were analyzed after 8 weeks' training. Results After 8 weeks' training, the urine protein, NAG in urine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), SCr were obviously increased in model group, losartan group and vitamin E group as compared with that in control group, while those in model group were higher than that in losartan group and vitamin E group (P0.05). Na+-K+-ATP-ase activity of renal tissue were obvionsly lower in model group and losartan group than that in control group and vitamin E group (P

Objective:To explore the relationship among occupational benefits,turnover intention and quality of life in nurses using structural equation model,thus to provide evidence for improving the quality of life.Method:We conduct a survey among 965 nurses using the general information questionnaire,the occupational benefits scale,turnover intention scale (TIS) and the SF-36 scale.Restult:The total score of occupational benefits was (135.79 ± 18.82),the TIS score was (13.48 ±4.11),and the SF-36 score was (532.91 ± 141.75).There was a positive correlation between occupational benefits and the quality of life,and the turnover intention was negatively correlated with the quality of life.Structural equation model analysis showed that the occupational benefits and turnover intention had a direct significant effect on nurses' quality of life;occupational benefits has a direct negative effect on turnover intention,and indirectly effects quality of life of nurse through the mediating effect of turnover intention.Conclusion:The nurses' quality of life needs to be improved,and occupational benefits and turnover intention have significant prediction effect on quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the value of transthoracic echocardionraphy(TTE)and angiographic appearance for measurement of the diameter of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)in transcatheter interventions.Methods In 52 patients,the position,diameter and length of ductus arteriosus between the descending aorta and the pulmonary artery were observed and the narrowest diameter of PDA was measured by TTE.In angiographic appearance,pig catheter was selected to perform left lateral aortography and measure the narrowest diameter of PDA.Comparative studies were performed on the numbers measured by 2 methods.Results Aortography showed that 45 patients had funnel shape PDA and 5 patients had tubular shape PDA,while 1 patient had funnel plus tubular shape PDA and 1 patient had residual shunt after operation.TTE showed that 46 patients had funnel shape PDA,4 patients had tubular shape PDA and 1 patient had window shape PDA,1 patient had residual shunt after operation.The mean diameter of PDA measured by angiographic appearance was(3.72?2.51)mm,which was statistically lower than those by TTE(4.47?2.31)mm(t=5.17 P