Objective To investigate the clinical spectrum of respiratory viruses in infants and young children with acute lower respiratory infection(ALRI) in Chongqing area from 2003-2007.And to assess the clinical diagnostic value of virus detection in nasopharyngeal secretions(NPS) and serum viral antibody detection for ALRI.Methods Cases of 2 529 specimens of NPS in hospitalized children with ALRI from Apr.2003 to Oct.2007 were taken for detecting 7 common respiratory virus antigens by immunofluorescence assay including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),adenovirus(ADV),influenza A(IA),influenza B (IB),parainfluenza virus1-3 (PIV1,PIV2,PIV3).Fifty-five thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven samples were tested for ADV-IgM by ELISA.Among those,45 159 cases were further tested for RSV-IgM by ELISA.Results Respiratory virus pathogens were detected in 778 samples out of 2 529(30.76%) including RSV positive in 668 samples (85.86%),PIV3 positive in 75 samples (9.64%),IA positive in 22 samples (2.57%),ADV positive in 15 samples ( 1.93%),only 1 sample ( 0.13%) positive for both PIV1 and RSV. And the positive rate of RSV-IgM was 0.9%-15.2%,and the positive rate for ADV-IgM was about 0.6%-10.6%.RSV infection occured mainly in winter and spring.Conclusions Respiratory virus is the most common pathogen in children with ALRI during the survey period in Chongqing area,especially for RSV infection.The pattern of RSV circulation varied every year with seasonality.It is suggest that this year is peak one for RSV infection from the monthly positive results,especially in Feburary(50%) in 2007.But the infection rate of PIV3,IA,ADV and PIV1 are lower,particularly IB and PIV2 infection have not been seen for the last 5 years.It is fast and accurate to detect RSV antigen and suit to clinical diagnosis by using immunofluorescence assay than other antibody detection.

Objective To explore CT features of thin-wall cavity change of pulmonary metastases from renal clear cell carcinoma after molecular targeted treatment and its clinical significance.Methods Clinical and imaging data of 2 patients with thin-wall cavity of pulmonary metastases originating from renal clear cell carcinoma after molecular targeted drug Pazopanib were reported and analyzed retrospectively.Results After resection of primary renal tumors,multiple solid metastatic lesions in the lung were detected and the lesions showed ring enhancement on the post-contrast images.After 3-month Pazopanib treatment,most of the lesions presented thin-wall cavity change.Case 1 showed slowly disease progression while case 2 suffered from spontaneous pneumothorax and died 2 months later.Conclusion Necrosis of pulmonary metastases originated from renal carcinoma can be impelled by molecular targeted Pazopanib treatment,which helped to the formation of cystic thin-wall cavity,but the influence on the prognosis still remains uncertain.

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Physical Conditioning, Animal

Objective:To investigate the relationship between fester capacity and clinical efficacy on allergic asthma treated by scarring moxibustion.Methods:The patients were randomly divided into scarring moxibustion 9-cone group,3-cone group and 6-cone group.The biggest area,scab-lost time,first-festering time and scarring time of moxibustion sore,and the clinical efficacy in each group was observed.Results:The biggest post-moxibustion sore area in 9-cone group was larger than that in 3-cone group,but had no difference in comparison with 6-cone group;the scab-lost time,first-festering time and scarring time of post-moxibustion sore in each group were of no difference.The clinical efficacy was better in 9-cone group than in 3-cone group,but had no difference in comparison with the 6-cone group.Conclusion:Fester capacity in treating allergic asthma by scarring moxibustion is related to the clinical efficacy and definite fester capacity is the key to good results on allergic asthma.

The technique of liquisolid compress is a new technique developed in 1990s, which was considered to be the most promising technique to improve the dissolution of water-insoluble drugs. In this article, tanshinone II(A) and the extracts of the ester-solubility fractions were chosen as the model drugs to evaluate the effects of the liquisolid technique for enhancement of dissolution properties of tanshinone II(A). Several liquisolid tablets (LS) formulations containing different dosage of drugs and various liquid vehicle were pre-pared and for all the formulations, microcrystalline cellulose and silica were chosen as the carrier and coating materials to evaluate their flow properties, such as angle of repose, Carr's compressibility index and Hausner's ratio. The interaction between drug and excipients in prepared LS compacts were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The dissolution curves of tanshinone II(A) from liquisolid compacts were investigated to determine the technique's effect in improving the dissolution of tanshinone II(A) and its impacting factors. According to the results, the dissolution increased with the rise in the dissolution of the liquid-phase solvent. The R-value and drug dosage can significantly affect the drug release, but with less impact on active fractions. This indicated that liquisolid technique is a promising alternative for improvement of dissolution property of water-soluble drugs, and can make a synergistic effect with other ester-soluble constituents and bettern improve the release of tanshinone II(A). Therefore, the technique of liquisolid compress will have a better development prospect in traditional Chinese medicines.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; chemistry ; Solubility ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To establish a stable primary culture of rat cerebellar granule neurons in vitro for further study the toxic effects of chronic arsenic exposure on cerebellar cells.Methods Cerebellar cortices were taken from brain of Wistar rat 5-7 day old after born under stereoscopic microscope.Single cell suspension was acquired after digestion and washing with trypsin (0.25％) and DNase Ⅰ solution,respectively.Granule cells were purified from other cells by differential velocity adherence method for two times.Rat cerebellar granule neurons were seeded in culture plate pre-coated with poly-L-lysine.Neurons growth,development and synaptic connections were observed daily.The neurons were identified by neuron specific enolase (NSE) immunofluorescence technique.Results The neurons were affixed to the culture plate in 24 hours,in reticular arrangement observed under contrast microscope.Granule cells gradually turned round from oval and outlines became clearer in 2-3 days.In 4-6 days,there were a wide range of synaptic connections among the neurons and a mature nerve cell network formed.A large quantity of cerebellar granule neurons was seen by NSE identification.Few bigger cells such as purkinjes cells and glial cell outlines were also seen in the same visual field.Conclusions This is a successful primary culture method for acquirement of rat cerebellar granule neurons.The method can provide experimental basis for future studies the toxic effects of chronic arsenic exposure on cerebellar cells.

Objective To explore incidence of child obesity in Zhengzhou area and intervention measures.Methods In 2001, spot check was conducted on 5688 cases of high and primary school students ,including 2848 boys and 2840 girls at the age of 7-18.Child obesity was diagnosed by meeting reference BMI value published by Cole et al,conducted comprehensive treatment consisting of massage intervention along channel of traditional Chinese medicine, behavior modification, dietetic and sport adjustment for 22 cases of simple obesity children (7-15 years old, 18 boys, 4 girls) selected for one month, and follow-up survey 6 months after treatment.Results Five thousands,six hundreds and eighty-eight high and primary school students investigated had an overweight incidence of 15.4%, an obesity incidence of 3.2%,boys' overweight incidence and obesity incidence(19.2%,4.6%) were remarkably higher than those of girls (11.5%,1.7% P<0.001). Overweight incidence of various age groups evidently differed(χ2=42.88 P<0.001) with the group of 8-15 years old children as popular. Incidence of various age groups also differed(χ2=21.28 P<0.05) with 7-10 years old and 14-15 years old children as popular. After one-month treatment, weight of all the 22 cases of fat children decreased from (76.45±19.87) kg upon hospitalized to (69.06±17.98) kg with a decrease of (7.43±2.58)kg, BMI value decreased from (31.05±3.96) before treatment to (27.72±3.54).Weight and BMI value before and after treatment differed evidently (t=13.6,12.88 P<0.01), and weight and BMI value decrease were remarkably related with those upon hospitalized (r=0.77 P<0.01;r=0.49 P<0.05).Conclusions Incidence of child obesity has been increasing in recent years, comprehensive treatment consisting of massage intervention along channel of traditional Chinese medicine, behavior modification, dietetic and sport adjustment have good curative effect and are comfortable, well received by children and suitable to promote and apply.

Objective To study the anxiety and its influencing factors of elderly patients with herpes zoster pain.Methods Wong-Baker scale and facial expressions of anxiety self-rating scale (SAS) were used to evaluate the pain and anxiety d elderly patients with herpes zoster pain.Results The SAS score of elderly patients with herpes zoster pain was (56.35 ± 7.03),and univariate analysis showed that low education(61.91 ± 7.18),low income (58.35 ±7.63),higher pain score(68.25 ±2.22) of patients with the higher SAS score,when compared with other patients,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 ).And regression analysis indicated that educational level and pain sere were the influencing factors d patients' anxiety score ( β3 =- 1.150,β7 =3.244;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Elderly patients with herpes zoster pain have different degree of anxiety,so we should strengthen the relieve pain therapy,psychological care and health education for the low level of education,low income,and serious pain patients.

Objective To study the serum HBV cccDNA and genotype of hepatitis B virus in children in Gansu province.Methods 124 HBV-DNA positive children were randomly selected,with 84 males and 40 females.Among the 124 patients,65 were HBV carriers,59 were chronic hepatitis(31 mild,18 moderate and 10 severe).Genotypes of their serum HBV,liver function,HBV-DNA load and serum HBV cccDNA were detected.Results In the moderate and severe groups,HBV cccDNA positive rate was higher than that in the HBV carriers or the mild group(F=25.429,P＜0.01).The HBV cccDNA detection rate in HBeAg positive group was higher than that in the HBeAg negative group(F=28.386,P＜0.01).In the HBV cccDNA positive group,glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,total bilirubin were higher than that in the negative group(t respectively 13.241,11.347,15.013,P＜0.01).Both C and B genotypes appeared to be the majority while C genotype was dominant in the 124 cases of children hepatitis,with the rest as B/C and some other genotypes.The positive rate of HBV cccDNA C genotype was higher than that of the genotype B(F=23.216,P＜0.01)and the negative rate of HBV cccDNA genotype was higher than that of the C genotype(F=26.364,P＜0.01).Conclusion Higher detection rate was found inthose more severe cases in the peripheral blood streams.HBV cccDNA and genotype testing might better reflect the level of HBV replication and the clinical severity of the disease,showing its guiding role in clinical diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B.

Objective To analyze the causes of severe adverse reaction after painless abortion and to offer some advices for prevention and cure.Methods Clinical files and results of 3 patients with severe adverse re-action after painless abortion were analyze.Results Total of 130-140 mg· kg -1 propofol intravenous injection and oxytocin 10 u intramuscular injection was used in three patients underwent painless abortion.Three patients have the symptoms of chills , fever , nausea , vomiting , low blood pressure , damages of multiple organs and elevation of peripheral white blood cell and neutrophilic granulocyte.The shock occurred within 0.5-4 h after operation.Conclusion The symptoms of severe adverse reac-tion after transfusion are very serious.Early diagnosis and rational man-agement are the key to the successful salvage.