Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), which is also a significantly heterogeneous disease. Survivin, a unique member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, is overexpressed in various cancers, including some types of lymphoma. It is found that inhibitor of apoptosis protein, survivin, plays an important role in the development and progression of DLBCL. Survivin is able to inhibit the cell apoptosis, and enhances the cell proliferation. Many studies showed that survivin may be considered as an independent unfavorable prognostic index of DLBCL. The poor prognostic cases early are screened in combination of survivin expression with International Prognostic Index (IPI), and improve the outcome of DLBCL. Survivin selectively expressed in tumor tissue, which provide an ideal target for tumor therapy. Modulation of survivin expression or function may provide a novel approach for experimental therapy in patients with DLBCL. In this review, the progress of study on mechanism of survivin protein, the survivin expression in DLBCL, its significance in diagnosis and therapy of DLBCL, and the prospective trend were summarized.
Apoptosis ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; biosynthesis

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transdermal delivery characteristics of Gentiana macrophylla complex components system through different parts of the skin under micro-needles conditions. Two-chamber diffusion cells were used, different parts of isolated skin and micro-needle pretreated isolated mouse skin were applied separately, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) similarity evaluation methods were used to evaluate transdermal delivery characteristics of Gentiana macrophylla complex components system on receiving pool and the permeation rate and penetration amount of Gentiopicroside at different parts of mouse skin. In the 24 h, the similarity between receiving fluid which was on passive transdermal delivery and micro-needle transdermal delivery conditions and original fluid were ranged from 83.0% to 98.9%; By the micro-needle pretreatment with different parts of the mouse skin, the time that Gentiana macrophylla complex components system though abdominal skin to the receiving fluid which reached 90% similarity compared with that of original fluid was 4 h, which was 18 h at back skin and 12 h at neck skin separately. Micro-needles can be used as the ideal ingredients for traditional Chinese medicine complex transdermal delivery; transdermal absorption time delay could be greatly reduced and its bioavailability was improved. The permeation rate and similarity to original liquid of Chinese medicine complex components increased significantly in the abdominal skin relative to the neck and back skin under micro-needle conditions.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Gentiana ; chemistry ; Iridoid Glucosides ; pharmacokinetics ; Mice ; Needles ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Skin Absorption

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) on the methylation status of socs-1 gene in multiple myeloma cell lines U266, RPMI8226. The cell viability was assayed by MTT method. The methylation status of socs-1 gene was detected by methylation specific PCR. The expression of socs-1 gene mRNA was determined with real-time PCR. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results indicated that hypermethylation of CpG island of socs-1 gene was observed without expression of socs-1 in myeloma cell lines U266, RPMI8226. The expression of socs-1 gene mRNA in each myeloma cell line increased significantly after exposure to As(2)O(3) for 72 hours as compared with the cell lines of wild type (p < 0.05). And cell proliferation was significantly inhibited, both early apoptosis and later apoptosis ratios increased in dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that As(2)O(3) may induce socs-1 demethylation and up-regulate the expression of the gene. This study provides a new thought and direction for exploring possible mechanism of cell apoptosis induced by As(2)O(3) and multiple myeloma treatment by As(2)O(3).
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; genetics ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; genetics

The aim of study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of fludarabine combined with cytarabine (FA) regimen in the treatment of patients with refractory and/or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Nineteen cases with refractory/relapsed AML were treated with FA regimen in which fludarabine phosphate 25 mg/(m(2) x d), d1-5; cytarabine (Ara-C) 2 g/(m(2) x d), d1-5. Another 20 cases were treated with salvage chemotherapy (MAE regimen: mitoxantrone, Ara-C and etoposide or DAE regimen: daunorubicin, Ara-C and etoposide). All patients received at least 2 cycles chemotherapy. The results showed that 9 patients (47%) in FA regimen group achieved complete remission (CR), 8 cases (42%) obtained partial remission (PR), the clinical efficacy was superior to that of the MAE or DAE regimens (p < 0.05). Major toxicity of FA regimen was myelosuppression. Grade IV hematologic toxicity occurred in all patients received FA regimen. Nonhematologic complications consisted of gastrointestinal side effects, mucositis, liver toxicity, which were mild to moderate and could be alleviated with supportive therapy. In conclusion, FA regimen is an effective regimen for treatment of refractory and relapsed AML.
Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Vidarabine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives

To explore the molecular mechanism underlying gastric carcinogenesis and progression by using gene expression profiling array together with bioinformatics. Lentivirus short hairpin RNA targeting STIL(ShSTIL)and scrambled sequence RNA(ShCon)were transduced into the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901.RNA extraction,complementary DNA synthesis,construction of biotin-labelled amplified RNA probes,and hybridization with gene expression profile were consecutively performed.We collected corresponding data and analyzed differentially expressing genes(DEGs),followed by the analysis of gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment,transcription factor regulating network,and protein-protein interacting networks. Compared with ShCon,a total of 417 and 87 genes were respectively down-regulated and up-regulated,respectively,in the ShSTIL group(<0.05,fold change>1 or <-1).GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that genes regulated by STIL were localized in cytoplasm,extracellular exosome,Golgi apparatus and various biomembranes,and were implicated in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis,P53 signaling pathway,and pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells.Evaluation on genes enriched in KEGG pathways,regulation of transcription factors,and protein-protein interacting network demonstrated that IGF1R,STUB1,SKP2,and FOXO1 were localized at the centre of the network and played a key role in the development and progression of gastric cancer. Through the protein-protein interactions,STIL may activate E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 or SKP2,promote the proteolysis of FOXO1-a transcription factor,regulate the expression of IGF1R,and thus promote gastric carcinogenesis and progression.
Computational Biology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Ontology ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; Transcriptome

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE To verify the correlation between the points of eye acupuncture and zang-fu function so as to provide the theoretical evidence for the principle of point selection in eye acupuncture therapy.

METHODSSixty cases of cerebral infarction were treated with different points according to syndrome differentiation of Chinese medicine.

MAIN POINTSupper energizer area and lower energizer area. Supplementary points: liver area, kidney area and spleen area for hyperactivity of wind, phlegm and fire; liver area and spleen area for blockage of wind, phlegm and stasis; stomach area and large intestine area for excess fu syndrome due to phlegm heat; heart area and spleen area for qi deficiency and blood stasis; liver area and kidney area for yin deficiency and wind stirring. The single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was adopted to observe the changes in blood flow in local foci before and after treatment with eye acupuncture.

RESULTSAfter the treatment with eye acupuncture therapy, the intake ratio of region of interest (ROI) between the lesion area and corresponding area on the opposite side was 0.74 +/- 0.12 before eye acupuncture and was 0.91 +/- 0.08 after treatment, indicating significant statistical difference in comparison (P < 0.05). After eye acupuncture, cerebral blood flow increased apparently.

CONCLUSIONThe point selection according to syndrome differentiation in eye acupuncture therapy may increase local brain blood flow in the patients with cerebral infarction and improve the state of brain ischemia so that the correlation can be proved between the points of eye acupuncture and zang-fu function.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Infarction ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Eye ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common traumatic disease. Patients with limited mobility are prone to pressure injuries, which seriously affect the patient's rehabilitation process. The use of risk assessment scale can effectively predict the occurrence of pressure injuries. This article reviewed the pathogenesis, risk factors, and use of different risk assessment tools for patients with spinal cord injury, compared the content, assessment methods, applicable population, reliability and validity of each risk assessment scale, summarized the advantages and disadvantages of different assessment scales, and provided reference to choose the best risk assessment tool.

BACKGROUNDCoronary artery disease (CAD) is generally considered as a disease of middle-aged men. It is widely accepted that the risk for CAD of premenopausal women is low because of hormone protection. Based on our clinical experience, more and more premenopausal women suffer from angina and myocardial infarction without adequate concern. Even now, there are still limited detailed data to describe the characteristics, mechanism and prognosis of premenopausal CAD patients. This article aimed to analyze the clinical and angiographic characteristics of premenopausal women with CAD.

METHODSA total of 565 premenopausal women and 721 postmenopausal women (56 - 60 years old) who underwent coronary angiography for the first time from April 2004 to December 2007 were enrolled. The clinical data and coronary angiographic characteristics (presence, localization, length and severity) were compared between the premenopausal and postmenopausal CAD groups.

RESULTSPremenopausal CAD patients presented less frequently with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia compared with postmenopausal CAD patients (55.0% vs 66.0%, 15.0% vs 31.5%, 23.9% vs 37.4%, respectively; all P < 0.05). Although we found more frequent involvement of single vessel in premenopausal CAD (43.2% vs 26.9%, P = 0), and triple vessels in postmenopausal (56 - 60 years old) CAD patients (33.8% vs 20.4%, P = 0), much more severe lesions (> or = 90%) at left main (2.9% vs 1.1%, P = 0.048) and proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) (28.2% vs 16.6%, P = 0) in the premenopausal CAD group were found.

CONCLUSIONPremenopausal women with chest discomfort are always found to have obvious atherosclerosis, more inclined to be located at the left main and proximal LAD, which is a strong predictor of an adverse clinical outcome.

Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; pathology ; Dyslipidemias ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause ; Premenopause

OBJECTIVES: Investigate the influence of benazepril and amlodipine on the expression of secretin (PZ) and somatostatin (SS) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: Forty-five SHRs (14 weeks old, male) were randomly assigned into 3 groups (=15):SHR group, Benazepril group (which was given benazepril 0.90 mg·kg·d) and Amlodipine group (SHRs were given amlodipine 0.45 mg· kg·d), taking WistarKyoto(WKY) as normal control (=15), meanwhile, rats in SHR group and WKY group were given the same volume of distilled water. After 8 weeks of intervention, the expression of protein and mRNA of PZ in duodenum and SS in sinuses ventriculi was detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay and RT-PCR. RESULTS: After 8 weeks of intervention, compared with the WKY group, the expression of protein and mRNA of PZ in duodenum and SS in sinuses ventriculi was increased significantly in SHR group (<0. 05). Compared with SHR group, the expression of PZ in duodenum and SS in sinuses ventriculi was decreased significantly in Benazepril group and Amlodipine group (<0.05). Compared with Benazepril group, in Amlodipine group the expression of PZ mRNA in duodenum and SS mRNA in sinuses ventriculi was decreased more significantly (<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The regulation disorder of PZ in duodenum and SS in sinuses ventriculi exists in SHR. The antihypertensive effect of benazepril and amlodipine may be realized by regulating the expression of PZ and SS, while the regulation of amlodipine is more obvious than benazepril.
Amlodipine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzazepines ; pharmacology ; Blood Pressure ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Secretin ; metabolism ; Somatostatin ; metabolism

Objective:To systematically review the relevant researches on aspiration screening tools for stroke patients. Methods:Literatures aboute stroke aspiration screening tools till December, 2018 were recalled from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang Database and China Biomedical Literature Database. Two researchers independently screened the literatures and extracted the basic information, such as the content, screening format, scoring standard and measurement characteristics. Results:A total of 25 studies were included, involving ten aspiration screening tools. The content, screening format, scoring standard and measurement characteristics of the aspiration screening tools were analysed. There was no evidence to support the tools. Conclusion:Tools would be selected according to the patient's condition, age and swallowing related characteristics.