Chemical investigation of fruits of Mours alba L. lead to the isolation of fifteen compounds by various chromatographies such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP-C18 column chromatography. Their structures were determined to be: 1-[5-(2-formlfuryl) methyl] dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylate 2, 3-diethyl ester (1), 1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl] pyrrolidin-2-one (2), divaricataester A (3), methyl 1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate (4), 1-[2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (5), L-pyroglutamic acid (6), L-pyroglutamic acid ethyl ester (7), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (8), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester (9), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (10), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester (11), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (12), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (13), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (14), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (15), respectively, based on the spectral analysis such as NMR, MS etc. Compounds 1-14 were isolated from this genus for the first time, among which 1 was a new compound.
Chlorogenic Acid ; isolation & purification ; Esters ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Furans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lactams ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid ; isolation & purification ; Tricarboxylic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Twelve compounds were isolated from the herb of Chenopodium ambrosioides, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods as kaempferol-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), kaempferol-3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), patuletin (3), quercetin-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), grasshopper ketone (5), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (6), syringaresinol (7), benzyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), dendranthemoside B (9), N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (10), N-trans-feruloyl 4'-O-methyldopamine (11), and 4-hydroxy-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] benzamide (12). Among them,compounds 3, 6-8,10, and 12 were isolated from the genus Chenopodium for the first time, and compounds 2-12 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Chenopodium ambrosioides ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVE:To study the econamics effect of risperidone and quetiapine in treating of schizophrenia.METH ODS:64schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into risperidone group(34cases)and quetiapine group(30cases).The effects were evaluated based on the reduction of scores determined by brief psychiatric rating scale(BPRS);the adverse effects were evaluated by treatment emergent symptom scale(TESS).And then the cost-effectiveness analysis was carried through.RESULTS:The per capita costs for risperidone and quetiapine were3598.85yuan and3778.63yuan respectively;the re-duction of BPRS scores were(36.09?15.52)and(25.03?14.45)respectvely;the respective cost-effect ratio was99.72yuan and150.96yuan;the increment of the cost-effect ratio for the quetiapine group was-16.25compared with the risperidone group.CONCLUSION:Risperidone is more economical than quetiapine in the treatment of schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of Wangbi Tablet (WT) on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and to study its treatment program by integrative medicine.

METHODSThe randomized, parallel control, and multi-center clinical observation method was used. 160 KOA patients of Gan-Shen deficiency complicated with stasis-blood blockade syndrome were assigned to three groups. Group A (72 cases) was treated by WT, Group B (42 cases) was treated by Votalin Tablet, and Group C (46 cases) was treated by WT + Votalin Tablet. All patients were treated for two months. Before and after treatment the clinical symptoms, the knee function activity, adverse reactions were observed and recorded. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) of each patient were respectively detected, statistically analyzed and compared.

RESULTSAfter eight weeks of treatment significant difference was shown in the time of morning stiffness in joints, joint tendemess, swelling, pain, joint functional activities, ESR, and CRP between Group A and Group B (P<0.01). Besides, better effects were obtained in Group C (P<0.01). Improvement of ESR and CRP: They were obviously improved in the three groups after treatment (P<0.01). As for the markedly effective rate, better effects were obtained in Group C (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIn the treatment of KOA, WT showed favorable effects with no obvious adverse reaction. The combination of WT and Voltaren Tablet was significantly superior to use of WT or Votalin Tablet alone. It could reduce the dosage of Voltaren Tablet and avoid adverse reactions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Tablets

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the inhibitory effect of genistin combined with anastrozole on the growth and apoptosis of breast tumor tissue, and to study their anti-cancer mechanism by using the model of 7,12-dimethylbenz [alpha] anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors following ovariectomy in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

METHODSThe DMBA induced postmenopausal SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, the genistein group, the anastrozole group, and the genistein combined with anastrozole group. The growth of tumors was observed in each group. The proliferation index and apoptosis index of tumor cells were determined. Moreover, estradiol (E2) and 17beta-HSD1 mRNA levels were determined by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively.

RESULTSThe tumor growth was inhibited in the genistein group and the anastrozole group. The inhibitory ratio was significantly higher in the genistein combined with anastrozole group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, levels of E2 and 17beta-HSD1 mRNA decreased more significantly in the genistein combined with anastrozole group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGenistein could suppress the growth of mammary tumors in postmenopausal rats. It showed synergistic effect when combined with anastrozole, which resulted in reduced levels of E2 and 17beta-HSD1 mRNA. It had inhibitory effect on the growth of breast tumors.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Estradiol ; metabolism ; Female ; Genistein ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Nitriles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ovariectomy ; Postmenopause ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triazoles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of CT angiography(CTA)in the diagnosis of arterioportal shunts(APS)associated with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods One hundred and twenty-seven consecutive HCC patients accepted both dynamic enhancement CT and DSA examinations.The interval between CT and DSA exam was from 3 to 15 days.Based on transverse CT images in hepatic artery phase,CTA was performed for all the patients.By contrast with DSA results,the capabilities of transverse CT and transverse images combined with CTA in APS diagnosis were analyzed. Results In all 127 HCC cases,52 cases with APS were confirmed by DSA(40.94%),33 with central type of APS and 19 with peripheral type.Diagnostic sensitivity of APS based on transverse CT and combined CTA with transverse CT images were both 94.23%(49/52).However,specificity was 84.00%(63/75) and 97.33%(73/75),respectively,accuracy was 88.19%(112/127)and 96.06%(122/127),the predictive value of positive cases was 80.33%(49/61)and 96.08%(49/51),and the predictive value of negative cases was 95.45%(63/66)and 96.05%(73/76).Combined with CTA,false positive cases of 4 central type of APS and 6 peripheral type of APS were excluded which were demonstrated by transverse CT images.By contrast with DSA,the coincidence rate of the type of APS diagnosed by transverse images combined with CTA was 88.46%(46/52),including 90.91%(30/33)of central type of APS and 84.21%(16/19)of peripheral type.The supplying arteries of central type of APS were intuitively displayed by CTA in 23 cases,19 from proper hepatic artery and 4 from gastro-duodenal artery.Conclusion CTA techniques based on the dynamic enhancement CT exams could effectively promote the specificity and the accuracy of APS diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical results of early total care (ETC) treatment for elderly patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures.

METHODSClinical data of 106 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated from January 2012 and February 2015 were retrospectively studied. According to whether receiving the early total care mode, the patients were divided into 2 groups, 34 cases were diagnosed and treated with early total care pattern (ETC group), including 14 males and 20 females with an average age of (74.88 ± 4.38) years old ranging from 70 to 86. According to Evans types, 4 cases were type I, 5 cases were type II, 13 cases were type III, 11 cases were type IV, 1 case was type V. Seventy-two patients were treated with conventional trauma method (conventional group), including 35 males and 37 females with an average age of (74.46 ± 3.63) years old ranging from 70 to 85. According to Evans type, 8 cases were type I ,13 cases were type II, 25 cases were type III, 25 cases were type IV, and 1 case was type V. All fractures were treated with proximal femoral nails anti-rotation (PFNA). Operative time, hospital stays, leaving bed time, complications, cases of death at 1 year after operation, postoperative Harris score at 12 months were observed and compared.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up, the time of ETC group ranged from 9 to 18 months with an average of 13.29 ± 1.51, and the time in conventional group ranged from 12 to 16 months with an average 12.93 ± 1.15, while there was no significant difference between two groups in time of following-up (t = 1.368, P = 0.174). There was no significant meaning in cases of death between ETC group (2 cases) and conventional group (8 cases). Three cases occurred complications in ETC group, and 20 cases in conventional group,there was obvious meaning between two groups (χ² = 0.739, P = 0.318). Operative time,hospital stays,leaving bed time in ETC group respectively was (2.03 ± 0.67) d, (15.41 ± 2.87) d and (3.62 ± 0.74) d; while in conventional group respectively was (4.17 ± 1.59) d, (20.11 ± 4.24) d and (5.35 ± 1.22) d; there were significant differences between two groups in operative time, hospital stays, leaving bed time. Postoperative Harris scores at 12 months in ETC group was (82.32 ± 4.56), and (79.24 ± 5.52) in conventional group, there was obvious meaning between two groups (t = 2.833, P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONETC pattern is a novel method for diagnosis and treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures in elderly, it could shorten operative time, hospital stays, leaving bed time, decrease complications and promote recovery of function.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Femur ; injuries ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Hip Joint ; surgery ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Care ; Retrospective Studies

Ten flavonoids were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the seeds of Alpinia galanga Willd. with a combination of various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. On the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, they were elucidated as (2R, 3S)-pinobaksin-3-cinnamate (1), (2R, 3R)-pinobaksin-3-cinnamate (2), pinocembrin (3), pinobaksin (4), 3-O-acetylpinobaksin (5), galangin (6), galangin-3-methylether (7), kumatakenin (8), 3-methylkaempferol (9) and (2R, 3R)-3, 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (10). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 2, 5 and 10 were isolated from the genus Alpinia for the first time, and others were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Alpinia ; chemistry ; Benzopyrans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Cinnamates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavanones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry

Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of Chinese-version Good Death Inventory among oncology nurse specialists. Methods: A further revision has been made in the Chinese-version Good Death Inventory from Taiwan experts through expert review and preliminary experiment. The reliability and validity of the Chinese-version GDI was evaluated among 180 oncology nurse specialists. Results: The Chinese-version of GDI was easy to understand. Most respondents finished the whole scale in 25 minutes and the valid response rate of the scale was100%. The I-CVI value of each item was 0.67-1.00, S-CVI/Ave was 0.938. KMO was 0.832, and the revised Chinese-version GDI consisted of 54 items in 18 dimensions (Core 10 Domains and Optional 8 Domains). The total scale′ s Cronbach′ s alpha coefficient was 0.950, split-half reliability coefficient was 0.832. Cronbach′ s alpha of Core 10 Domains was 0.938 and that of Optional 8 Domains was 0.876. Conclusions The Chinese-version GDI is a valid scale to measure end-of-life care comprehensive outcomes from Chinese oncology nurse specialists′ perspective.

Objective - To analyze the effect of using vibration tools on the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders （ ） Methods ， - WMSDs in automobile factory workers. By judgment sampling method front line workers with more than one year of working experience in an automobile factory were selected as the research subjects. Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used for investigation. The workers were divided into the control group and the vibration tool group. The propensity score ∶ ， matching method was used to balance the confounding factors of the two groups of workers by 1 1 and 568 people were Results included in each group. The prevalence of WMSDs was compared between the two groups after matching. After ， ， ， ， ， ， matching the prevalence of WMSDs in the shoulder elbow hand/wrist upper back waist hip/buttock and knee of workers in ， （ P ） the vibration tool group was higher than that in the control group and the differences were statistically significant all <0.05 .， The prevalence of WMSDs in different body parts of workers in the vibration tool group ranking from high to low was waist ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， neck shoulder hand/wrist upper back knee ankle/foot elbow and hip/buttock with the rate of 74.3% 61.3% 54.2% ， ， ， ， ， （P ） Conclusions 54.0% 50.9% 39.4% 35.2% 31.0% and 27.1% respectively <0.01 . The use of vibration tools can ， ， ， ， ， increase the risk of WMSDs in shoulder elbow hand/wrist upper back waist hip/buttock and knee of automobile factory workers. Corresponding measures should be taken to reduce vibration intensity and reduce contact time to protect workers'