Objective To optimize the preparation of high-efficiency galactocylated poly-L-lysine (Gal-PLL) ligand of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in liver, providing premise and foundation for upper preparation of ultrasound contrast agent of liver targeted nanoscale perfluorocarbon microballoon and the liver targeted molecular imaging. Methods Chemical reactions of reductive amination were carried out on group A and group B according to different proportions of reaction component. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups. In group A, three different molar ratios of D-galactose and poly-L-lysine (PLL) were compounded respectively with equivalent and sufficient reductant borohydride. In group B, identical molar ratios of D-galactose and PLL were compounded respectively with three unequal reductants borohydride. Products of each group were separated and purified by sephadex column to acquire different molecular weight distributions and the results were analyzed. Results In the condition of identical reductant, the peak curve of compound's molecular weight appeared earlier when D-galactose decreased properly. In the condition of identical molar ratio of D-galactose and PLL,the peak curve of compound's molecular weight appeared also earlier when reductant decreased properly. When the molar ratio of D-galactose and reductant was 1∶1, the peak curve of compound Gal-PLL and free components was more obvious, and the quantity of compound Gal-PLL increased to maximum. Conclusions In the condition of identical reductant, coupling effect of D-galactose and PLL increased when D-galactose decreased properly. In the condition of identical molar ratio of D-galactose and PLL, coupling effect was better when reductant decreased properly. When the molar ratio of D-galactose and reductant was 1∶1, coupling effect of them was the best. The coupling of D-galactose and PLL was related to not only the proportion of D-galactose and PLL, but also the proportion of D-galactose and reductant.

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; physiopathology ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study on the reliability of the Akagi line as a reference axis to guide for rotational alignment of the proximal tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) the rotational alignment reference bony landmarks of the proximal tibial component on magnetic resonance image (MRI) were measured.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to December 2013, 80 normal knees of Chinese volunteers including 35 males and 45 females with an average age of (35.4±6.1) years were reviewed. The images of the knees were obtained by MRI. The surgical epicondylar axis (STEA) was identified in the femoral transverse sections and then was projected to the side of tibia, forming the SETA'. A line connecting the medial border of the patellar tendon and the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion (Akagi line) and its vertical line (AK), as well as a line connecting the medial 1/3 of the patellar tendon and the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion and its vertical line (AP), were identified in the tibial transverse sections. The angles were measured between the AK, AP and STEA'.

RESULTSThe angle between AK and STEA' was (0.59±2.07)°, and there was no significant difference between the two lines (t=-2.54, P=0.13). The mean angle between AP and STEA' was (3.21±2.04)°, and there was a significant difference between the two lines (t=14.05, P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the AK and AP (t=-11.68, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe reliability of the Akagi line as a reference axis to guide for rotational alignment of the proximal tibial component in TKA is good.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rotation ; Tibia ; surgery

Acetamides ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; poisoning ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Troponin I ; blood

Adolescent ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Hypokalemia ; complications ; physiopathology ; Long QT Syndrome ; etiology ; Male ; Propofol ; adverse effects ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; chemically induced ; physiopathology

Adult ; Fluoroscopy ; Foreign Bodies ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Trauma, Nervous System ; therapy ; Wounds, Penetrating ; therapy

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of omeprazole combined with octreotide in treatment of patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.Methods96 patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were randomly divided into two groups.All the cases were received basic treatment of fluid infusion,transfusion and nutritional support.The control group( n =48) was treated with omeprazole alone,and the treatment group(n =48) was treated with omeprazole and octreotide.The course of treatment was 3 days.The vital signs,24h urine output,the number of cases of rebleeding in 72 h and adverse drug reactions was observed and recorded.ResultsThe total effective rate in treatment group and control group was 91.7％ and 72.9％,respectively.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant( x2 =5.79,P ＜0.05 ).The time of hemostasis and blood transfusion volume in treatment group were significantly less than those in control group(t =7.69,9.91,all P ＜0.05).The rebleeding rates after 72 hours of hemostasis between the two groups(8.3％ vs 25.0％ ) was significantly different ( x2 =4.80,P ＜ 0.05 ).In the course of treatment,the side effects weren' t found in both groups.ConclusionOmeprazole combined with octreotide was more effective and safe than omeprazole alone in fast stopping bleeding and reducing rebleeding rate.

Objective To compare the effects of every-other-day dose simvastatin administration with that of daily therapy of same dose.Methods This was a randomized,prospective,nonblinded clinical trial.The 186 patients with high low-density lipoproteim cholesterol(LDL-C) and/or high total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was studied.All patients were randomized into two groups.The every-other-day do- sing group recerived 20mg of simvastatin in alternate-day and daily dosing group received 20mg of simvastatin every day.Before and after 6 weeks,12 weeks of treatment,serum lipoprotein,Live function tests and ereatine kinase con centra- tion and so on were drawn and bad-side effect were studies.Results The two groups significantly reduce LDL-C,TC, TG and a little increased HDL-C compared with baseline.No stalistically significant differences existed between the two groups in percentage in decrease in lipoprotain at 6 weeks,12 weeks compared with baseline.The bad-side effect in the two groups also had not a singnificant different.Conclusion The every-other-day dose of simvastatin have similar effi- cacious and safe to daily dosing in patients with hyperlipidemia and some cost savings.It can take a primary prevention to coronary heart disease in patients with relatively low-risk hyperlipidemia.

Breast Neoplasms ; chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; standards ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; standards ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; analysis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; chemistry

Perforator stroke(PS)is one of peri-procedural complications associated with stenting of intracranial arterial stenosis.A lot of perforator arteries are derived from intracranial arteries with difference from coronary arteries,because once the intracranial perforator arteries of crucial regions are occluded,may lead to fatal prognosis.Three hypothesis have been used to explain PS including snow-plowing,stent jailing effect and in-stent neointimal growth.In vivo models,investigators have already found these phenomenas.After much attention been paid on PS,authors have published a report covered with a large amount of cases in 2006. The author figured out that patients with perforator infarct adjacent to the stenotie segment(PIAS)under MRI beforehand would have higher chance occurring PS after stenting of intracranial stenosis.The patients with priority of PS easily are affected by the morphology,location,etiology,sites,the type and equipments.Many yet unsolved problems including the prevention would arouse us to go deeper into for the exploration of the mechanism.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:858-862)