This instrument is controlled by computer.It can follow up and correct errors which may take place both within and without the X-ray generation system.It can detect the real amount of attenuation of X-ray in human chest and bring X-ray on the desired working voltage (kV)、current (mA)and the exposure time,(s) of X-ray generation system under stepless control.This instrument is rather an intelligential system of an automatic radiograph,and has ability to take higher quality film for chest within conventional kV range.

Abscess ; surgery ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; Foreign-Body Migration ; Humans ; Thyroid Gland

BACKGROUND:Hematopoietic stem cel transplantation is a promising treatment for a variety of malignant and nonmalignant disorders. But noninfectious pulmonary complications folowing hematopoietic stem cel transplantation are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. And the diagnosis and treatment are difficult. OBJECTIVE: To review the noninfectious pulmonary complications after hematopoietic stem cel transplantation in terms of onset time, risk factors, clinical manifestations, characteristics of the high-resolution CT, histopathological measurement, related genes and treatment options. METHODS: A computer-based search of VIP, PubMed and Sciencedirect databases was performed for articles related to noninfectious pulmonary compli cations after hematopoietic stem cel transplantation published from January 2005 to October 2014. The key words were “HSCT, pulmonary complications, non-infectious, pirfenidone” in Chinese and English in the title and abstract. Finaly, 31 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The incidence of noninfectious pulmonary complications after hematopoietic stem cel transplantation has become more and more, with atypical clinical manifestations and limited diagnosis and treatments. According to the different clinical onset time, diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations and the appropriate laboratory tests, clinicians can make early diagnosis and early intervention. Especialy, the usage of high-resolution chest CT and bronchofiberscope for bronchoalveolar lavage as wel as the timely drug administration can improve the survival rate of patients with noninfectious pulmonary complications after hematopoietic stem cel transplantation.

Objective:To explore the depressive symptom of nurses and its relationship with trait coping style,role perceive and personal control.Methods:425 nurses in the 2nd Hangzhou general hospital completed a battery of questionnaires consisted of part items of SCL-90,Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ) and Role Perceive and Personal Control Scale.Results:There are significant correlation among the SCL-90 score,the coping styles,and the control feeling and role conflict.Based on depression factor ,factors of negative coping style,control feeling,role conflict and positive coping style were included in stepwise regression equation.Conclusion:Depressive symptom of nurses was related to trait coping style,role perceive and personal control.

Objective:To investigate the relationship among college student’s depression symptoms, problem solving appraisal and perceived stress.Methods:275 college students completed questionnaires, including CES-D, Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) and Chinese Problem Solving Inventory (CPSI). Results: Among these students, 52% reported on the level of health risk stress (HRS), 55.3% had depression symptoms. There were significant correlation among depression symptoms, perceived stress and problem solving appraisal. The causal relationship between them were identified with the path analysis method, problem solving in special, seems to have both direct and indirect effect on the prediction of depression and on perceived stress. Conclusion:There is a high level of college student perceived stress and depression symptoms. Problem solving appraisal is an important factor for both of them.

Objective To analyze the changes of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ,C‐reactive protein (CRP) and serum am‐yloid A (SAA) before and after total hip arthroplasty(THA) .Methods A total of 124 cases of unilateral THA in our hospital from April 2012 to April 2015 were selected as the research subjects .The CRP ,ESR and SAA levels were detected before operation and on postoperative 1 ,3 ,5 ,7 ,14 d ,and 1 ,3 months .The differences of above indexes between the patients with postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT ) obstruction and the patients with normal recovery were retrospectively analyzed .Results CRP was sharply increased after operation and reached the peak value on 3 d ,then rapidly faded away ,and recovered to the preoperative level at postoperative 1 month;ESR was continuously elevated until reaching the peak value ,then slowly declined ,and recovered to the normal level at postoperative 3 months;SAA was sharply elevated after operation ,reached the peak value on 3 d ,then slowly de‐clined and could recovered to the normal level at postoperative 3 months .The CRP ,ESR and SAA levels in the patients with post‐operative complications occurrence were significantly higher than those in the patients with postoperative normal recover at the same time ,moreover which could not recover to the preoperative levels .Conclusion Dynamically monitoring CRP ,ERS and SAA after THA could conduce to early discover postoperative lower limbs DVT blockage complication .

Objective To investigate the effect of exception questions/miracle questions in SolutionFocused Approach in nursing on affects,confidence to solve problem,the perception of problem's difficulty,and actual solving problems,to provide practical basis for practitioners of Solution-Focused Approach.Methods A total of 102 nurses were randomly divided into exception questions in Solution-Focused Approach group (exception group),miracle questions in Solution-Focused Approach group (miracle group)and cause questions in the traditional psychotherapy pattern group(cause group).The difference among three groups on the aspect of the change of affects,confidence to solve problem and the perception of problem's difficulty,and the help form the questions immediately and after 1 week (immediate help and 1 week after help) were studied.Results Eventually subjects effectively,34 nurses in exception group,31 nurses in miracle group,31 nurses in cause group.The difference among three groups in aspect of the change of affects,the change of confidence to solve problem,immediate help and 1 week after help were statistically significant (Z=9.68-18.58,P＜ 0.05).Furthermore,change in problem solving confidence on exception group was higher than cause group(51.9 vs.35.6,P ＜ 0.05),change in affects on exception group and miracle group were higher than cause group (53.8,55.1 vs.36.0,P ＜ 0.05),the immediate help on exception group and cause group were higher than miracle group (59.8,52.5 vs.32.0,P ＜ 0.05),and 1 week after help on exception group was higher than miracle group and cause group(64.5 vs.42.3,37.0,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Exception/miracle questions can both improve the emotional state,and exception questions can enhance the confidence to solve problems and provide more help for nurses.

Objective:To explore the microanalysis method used to evaluate the solution-focused brief coun-seling (SFBC)interview characteristics of the skilled trainees and novices.Methods:Five skilled SFBC trainees, who had learned and practiced of SFBC for not less than 5 years,and 9 SFBC novices,who had a total of learning of SFBC for no more than 3 months,were recruited.The skilled trainees'5 interview recordings and 9 interview re-cordings of the novices were collected and coded.Then the formulations and questions used in the two groups'inter-views were compared with each other,and the different nature of language (positive,negative or neutral)used by them were also analyzed.Results:The numbers of complex formulations used by skilled trainees were more than the novice's [(4.4 ±2.5)vs.(1.6 ±1.1),P <0.05].And the percentage of opening questions was significant higher than novice's [(0.83 ±0.14)vs.(0.61 ±0.18),P <0.05].The numbers of positive utterances used by the skilled trainees were much more than the novices'[(16.0 ±7.0)vs.(8.7 ±2.4),P <0.05].Conclusion:The microanaly-sis method could be effectively used to distinguish the characteristic differences between the skilled trainees and the novices in their formulations,opening questions and positive utterances,during their respective interviews.And it could be effectively used to evaluate the interview skill levels of the skilled trainees and novices.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the miracle questions in solution?focused brief therapy on memory tend and emotional stage in a non?clinical situation in college students. Methods A quasi?experimental design was adopted,and two kinds of materials for self?coaching( solution?focused,problem?focused) were devel?oped according to the previous researches. Seventy?two subjects were randomly divided into two groups,receiving the miracle questions in solution?focused brief therapy( The miracle question group,thirty?six subjects) or problem?focused coaching intervention(problem?focused group,thirty?six subjects).Exception memories number and positive and negative emotion level were evaluated between the two groups. Results The subjects receiving the miracle question group write more exception memories (3.67±2.07) than problem?focused group (1.61±1.18) ( t=5.178, P<0.01) . There was no significant difference in the positive and negative emotion level between the two groups(P>0.05) . Conclusion The miracle questions in solution?focused brief therapy can trigger the subjects to exceptional memories .This suggests that in practical application,questions order has impact on the effect of consultation. Be?fore asking exception question,miracle questions should be asked in the use of solution?focused intervention.

Objective:To determine the cost of medical insurance macroeconomic factors,and propose countermeasures for macro-control health insurance costs.Methods:Principal component analysis was applied to screen dominant macroeconomic factors that influenced medical insurance costs of Shanghai.Results:From the macro perspective,the economy and technology were the main factors affecting medical insurance costs.Conclusion:It needed to increase government investment in public health finance,develop cost-declined medical technology and strengthen the construction of medical and health information,as well as to strengthen government oversight.