In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. The monosaccharides were derivated by PMP and the derivatives were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and the contents of mannose and glucose were determined simultaneously. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. The polysaccharide content of stems was higher than that of leaves. Monosaccharide composition in leaf was significantly different from that in stem. The polysaccharide from stems was composed of mannose and glucose, however the polysaccharide of leaves was acid heteropolysaccharide and was mainly composed of five monosaccharides, including mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. The similarity value of the 14 batches was above 0.9, indicating that similarity of fingerprints among different samples was high. The study can provide evidence for expanding the medicinal parts of D. officinale.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry

Objective To explore the feature of electrical physiology and the key aspect of diagnosis in early stage of spinal muscular atrophy in infants.Method The back clinical data of the musle change of electrical physiology within 25 cases were analyzed.Results The children were ill in 1 year old,with the symptom that four limbs present symmetry and paralysing slowly,low limbs being more serious than upper limbs,the close and the distant of the four limbs.The levels of creatine kinase(CK) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in serum were normal and the case unconcentrated was not seen rarely.The show of electromyogram(EMG) was that three limbs presenting wide-range losing nerve electric potential in peace state,when straingently the deadline was long and the motor unit potential(MUP) was high,when strain highly the eletric potential was decreased;the speed of nerve conduction was common.Muscle inspection was typical nervine myatrophy.Conclusion The clinical feature,the changes of muscle electrical physiology and the muscle inspection are valuable for diagnosis so as to afford reliable evidence for further gene diagnosis.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2006,21(3):167

Objective To investigate the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in the elderly undergoing coronary angiography and the correlated clinical risk factors.Methods 0.90% sodium chloride (1 ml · kg~-1 · h~-1 ) was administered 6 hours before and 12 hours after contrast media administration for 195 elderly patients,and the dose of sodium chloride was half when the patients were suffering from severe congestive heart failure.The levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and cystatin C were measured 3 days before and on the 2nd,5th day after the administration of contrast,respectively .Results(1) The incidence of CIN was 8.7% (17/195).The renal function of 11 cases recovered to baseline level 3 months after the use of contrast,2 cases had transformation to chronic renal failure but without undergoing maintenance hemodialysis,and 3 cases were dependent on maintenance hemodialysis,while 1 case developed multiple organ dysfunction until death.(2) There was no significant difference between pre-and post-contrast administration in the level of cystatin C (t=O.137,P= 0.891). But the concentration of Scr was reduced significantly on the 2nd day compared with the baseline (t=4.776,P = 0.000).Both the cystatin C and Scr recovered to the baseline on the 5th day.(3) There were no significant differences between the CIN and non-CIN group in gender,the dose of contrast,the baseline Scr,and the proportion of coronary heart disease.But there were significant differences in age,the baseline serum cystatin C,the proportions of diabetes mellitus,hypertension and congestive heart failure.(4) The clinical risk factors of CIN were the baseline Scr (OR = 1.039),the baseline serum cystatin C (OR=6.654),diabetes mellitus (OR=8.104) and congestive heart failure (OR=9.597) according to the analysis of logistic regression.ConclusionsWith the hydration and the use of low-osmolar nonionic contrast,it is safe to receive contrast examination for the elderly patients.The baseline serum levels of Scrand cystatin C,diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure are the clinical risk factors of CIN.Compared with Scr,serum cystatin C is the more powerful predictor for the development of CIN.

In order to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of triptolide (TP) on 4T1 mice breast cancer cell line in vitro and in mouse model, as well as the possible mechanisms, we detected the effect of TP on cell proliferation by MTT assay or Crystal Violet Staining in our research. Flowcytometry combined with FITC-Annexin V/PI staining were used for detecting TP induced 4T1 cell apoptosis. The protein expression of ERalpha, p-ERalpha, ERbeta, p-ERbeta, ERK, p-ERK, p38, p-p38, SAPK/JNK, and p-SAPK/JNK was tested by western blotting. We also compare TP with chemotherapy drug doxorubicin in 4T1 tumor bearing BLAB/c mice model, the Xenogen bioluminescence imaging, H&E, and IHC result indicated that TP exhibits an anticancer proliferation activity. As a result, TP in 100, 10, 1, 0.1 micromol x L(-1), all inhibited the proliferation of 4T1 cells by MTT assay and Crystal Violet Staining. TP which concentrations is 10, 1, 0.1 micromol x L(-1) could induce the apoptosis of 4T1 cells and reduce the cell proliferation. TP in 200 microg x kg(-1) could inhibit the tumor growth in vivo. The anticancer proliferation of TP was involved in its effect on reducing expression of ERalpha, p-ERalpha, ERbeta, and p-ERbeta, but nothing to do with the activation of MAPK signaling pathway.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Epoxy Compounds ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Phosphorylation ; drug effects ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Qianyang Recipe (QYR) on the Gan-yang hyperactivity syndrome (GYHS), the blood pressure, and correlated vascular regulatory factors of hypertension rat.

METHODSThirty SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, and the QYR group, ten in each. Hypertension rat model of GYHS was prepared using Aconiti Praeparata Decoction plus ephedrine plus salt water. Rats in the QYR group orally took QYR physic liquor, while distilled water was given to rats in the normal control group and the model group. They were medicated for 28 successive days. The facial temperature, the grip strength, and the systolic pressure were determined once every 7 days. Rats' irritable degree and feather color were observed and recorded once every 14 days. After the last administration the plasma renin (PR), angiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone (ALD), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cGRP) were determined.

RESULTSCompared with the model group of the same phase, the facial temperature of rats in the QYR group significantly decreased on the 14th, 21th and 28th day after administration. The systolic pressure obviously decreased on the 21st day after administration. On the 28th day after administration symptoms such as irritability, dry hair were improved, and the Ang II level decreased. There was significant difference in all these changes (P<0.05, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSQYR could relieve GYHS rats' symptoms such as facial hotness, irritability, dry hair, and so on, and decrease the systolic pressure. Decreased Ang II level might be one of its mechanisms.

Aldosterone ; blood ; Angiotensin II ; blood ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; blood ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypertension ; blood ; diagnosis ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renin ; blood

Objective To evaluate the difference of carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) among different glucose tolerance status and to investigate the association of IMT with different glucose levels of 4 time points during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the lipid metabolic indices in non-diabetic subjects. Methods Eleven normal control subjects, 69 subjects with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) newly diagnosed by OGTT (including 28 patients with non-elevated OGTT 30 min and 60 min glucose values (

SUMMARY Objective:To investigate the influence of cryoprotectants and cooling rates in vitrificationmethod on the spindles of rabbit M Ⅱ oocytes.Methods:Rabbit oocytes were verified by using cryoloopwith ethylene glycol(EG)singly or EG combined with dimethyl sulphoxide(DMSO)as cryoprotectants,and cooled by taking oocytes directly into liquid nitrogen or by vitrification machine.After frozen rabbit o-ocytes thawed,the microtubulin and chromosome of the spindles were fixation and stained by immunofluo-rescent method.Confocal microscope was used to reveal spindle configuration.Results:In the two proto-cols of single EG used and EG combined with DMSO,the spindles were severely injured.But in protocolof EG combined with DMSO and at ultra-rapid cooling rate,the normal configuration of spindle rate ofthawed rabbit oobytes was similar to that of the control group.Conclusion:The protocol of EG combinedwith DMSO as cryoprotectants and with extremely high cooling rate by vitrification machine can producethe best effect on conservation of spindle configuration in vitrification of rabbit oocytes.

Objective To investigate MR imaging features of femoral marrow in treated ?-thalassemia major.Methods MR imaging of the proximal femoral marrow was performed in 35 cases of ?-thalassemia major and 45 age-and sex-matched normal children as control.Coronal images of femoral marrow with the techniques of spin echo and fast field echo(FFE)were obtained.On T_1-weighted imaging the red and yellow femoral marrow were judged and marrow distribution was classified into five groups.The hemosiderosis of marrow was judged on the basis of signal intensity of marrow on FFE imaging.The marrow distribution classification and the hemosiderosis on MR imaging were correlated with clinical features.Results On FFE,marrow hemosiderosis occurred in 15 patients with a marked hypo-intensity signal and was related to the age(P=0.032).On T_1-weighted imaging,the femoral marrow in 35 patients was classified as groupⅢand IV,while the marrow distribution was groupⅠorⅡin all normal children,there was statistically significant difference(P

Background Whether ocular anterior and posterior chamber exist a blood-aqueous barrier is in controversy.Conventional method can not offer a good evidence because it is unable to detect the aqueous component in the posterior chamber.Objective This study was to investigate the distribution of Gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acids(Gd-DTPA)after peripheral iridectomy with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in rabbit.Methods Monocular peripheral iridectomy was performed on the right eyes in 8 clean New Zealand white rabbits and the fellow eyes were as controls.0.2 ml/kg(0.5 mol/L)Gd-DTPA,a tracer of MRI,was injected into ear vein in vivo to scan the eyes with MRI for the observation of the permeability and distribution.The signal enhanced ratio of interest region associated with time were analyzed.Results The signal in ciliary body of both eyes showed an immediately sharp enhancement within 10 minutes following the injection of Gd-DTPA with a peak intensity at 30-40 minutes,and then the intensity was gradually weaken over time.The signal was stronger in the operative eyes than that in the fellow eyes.The signal in the posterior chamber was gradually increased after operation,however,that in posterior chamber of the control eyes was lower.The interest regions of Gd-DTPA were ciliary,anterior chamber and posterior chamber,and the enhanced signal intensities were consisted in the posterior chamber after operation.However,the increase of the signal was not seen in the posterior chamber in the control eyes.Conclusions The pathway of plasma protein entering into the anterior chamber is very different from that of aqueous secretion.There exists a barrier between the anterior and posterior chamber which might be an integral part of the blood-ocular barrier.

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristic and diagnosis of children with moyamoya disease(MMD).Method The clinical features of 4 children with MMD were analyzed.Results The early clinical spectrum in children with MMD was transiently ischemic attack,and presented with injured neuron manifestations after some seizures,such as paralysis,extremity sensory disturbance, seizure of epilepsy,language disorder,involuntary movement and psychotic symptoms.Magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) and DSA demonstrated multiple cerebral vessels occlusion or stenosis and moyamoya vessels,so MRA became the first choice for detec- ting MMD.Conclusions The clinical symptom and neuron symptom of children MMD may not be typical,and it is easily misdiagnosed.Its correct diagnosis depends on thorough physical examination,appropriate laboratory tests,and the general knowledge of this disease.