Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Adenoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; epidemiology ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Basosquamous ; pathology ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; pathology ; beta-Defensins ; genetics

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economic effectiveness of three angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI) in treating patients with essential hypertension.METHODS:186 patients with essential hypertension were randomly divided into three groups receiving enalapril,fosinopril and perindopril respectively.The results were evaluated with pharmacoeconomic analysis.RESULTS:In treatment of hypertension,enalapril was minimal in cost.CONCLUSION:Therapeutic effect will be improved and cost decreased when pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis is used.

Adult ; Aged ; Boronic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Bortezomib ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; complications ; drug therapy ; Pyrazines ; therapeutic use ; Renal Insufficiency ; complications ; drug therapy

Adult ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features and possible molecular mechanisms of adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation.

METHODSFour cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation were enrolled into the study. Immunohistochemical study for smooth muscle actin, p63, p53 and Ki-67 was carried out. C-myc gene status was analyzed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization.

RESULTSThere were altogether 3 males and 1 female. The mean age of the patients was 55.5 years. Two patients died 17 months and 29 months after operation, respectively. One patient had distant metastasis 23 months after operation and was still alive at 26-month follow up. The remaining patient remained tumor free at 3-month follow up. High-grade transformation in adenoid cystic carcinoma presented either as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma. Histologic examination showed sheets of pleomorphic tumor cells occupying more than one low-power field. The high-grade carcinoma cells showed increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, prominent eosinophilic nucleoli and active mitosis (ranging from 8 to 25 per high-power field). Comedo necrosis was observed in 2 cases and multiple foci of calcifications in 3 cases. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated loss of myoepithelial differentiation, overexpression of p53 and high proliferative index by Ki-67. No c-myc translocation or copy-number changes were observed.

CONCLUSIONSHigh-grade transformation in adenoid cystic carcinoma is rare. The histopathologic features are rather distinctive and the biologic behavior is aggressive. C-myc gene mutation does not seem to play a key role in the pathogenesis.

Actins ; metabolism ; Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Eye Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genes, myc ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Parotid Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

Background Optic neuropathy is one of the diabetic eye complications.Rosiglitazone,a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ(PPARγ) agonist,plays a very important role in arresting the pathogenesis and development of diabetes.However,the role of PPARγ in diabetic optic neuropathy is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the protective effect of rosiglitazone against diabetic optic neuropathy and its mechanism.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group,diabetic group and rosiglitazone group,with 10 rats for each group.Diabetic models were induced by injecting 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin via the caudal vein,and rosiglitazone(5 ng/[kg· d])was used in the rats of the rosiglitazone group by intragastric administration every day for four weeks.At the end of the experiment,the fasting blood sugar(FBS) was tested in all the animals.The level of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the blood plasma was detected by ELISA.Optical neural tissues were obtained from the rats of each group,and Lauck fast Blue myelin stain was used to examine the morphology of the optical myelin.The expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) mRNA and protein in the optic nerve was detected by real time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results The levels of FBS,blood plasma VEGF,NCAM mRNA and protein in the optic nerve were significantly different among the control group,diabetic model group and the rosiglitazone group after the administration of 5 nmg/(kg · d) rosiglitazone for 4 weeks (F =6.12,P＜0.01 ; F =5.14,P＜0.05 ; F =4.75,P＜0.05 ; F =4.87,P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the level of FBS significantly increased in the diabetic model group(t =2.26,P＜O.05),and that in the rosiglitazone group significantly declined in comparison with the diabetic model group(t=2.08,P＜0.05).The optic nerve exhibited a normal morphology in the control group as revealed by the Lauck fast Blue myelin staining;however,severe demyelination of the optic nerve and proliferation of glial cells were found in the diabetic model group,and mild demyelination of the optic nerve and proliferation of glial cells were seen in the rosiglitazone group.Blood plasma VEGF was(28.76±4.21)ng/L in the control group and(134.28±11.36)ng/L in the diabetic model group,showing a significant difference between them (t=2.36,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group,the blood plasma VEGF was significantly lower in the rosiglitazone group ([42.67 ± 5.83] ng/L) than that in the diabetic model group (t =2.17,P＜ 0.05).Expression of NCAM mRNA and protein in the optic nerve significantly decreased in the diabetic model group compared with the control group(t =2.21,t =2.58,both at P＜0.05);while those in the rosiglitazone group were significantly elevated in comparison with the diabetic model group(t =2.19,t =2.67,both at P＜O.05).Conclusions Rosiglitazone can protect optic nerve from damage in diabetic rats mainly by downregulating blood plasma VEGF level and upregulating NCAM expression.

Objective:To study the application of HL-60 monocyte activation test in the pyrogen detection of vaccines. Methods:HL-60 cells were incubated with the standard pyrogen(endotoxin,zymosan and lipoteichoic acid)solution and the sample solution at different concentrations,and then IL-6 level was detected using ELISA kit. According to the concentration of standard pyrogen solution and the level of IL-6,the standard curve and linear relationship were obtained. Based on the IL-6 value from the sample solution,the pyrogen content of the sample was calculated. The standard pyrogen solution at middle concentration of the standard curve was used as the interference sample,and the interference assay was performed referring to the bacterial endotoxin test in Chinese pharmacopoeia. The pyrogen recovery rate and the content were detected using HL-60 / IL-6 assay in seven kinds of vaccines such as influenza vaccine(Split Virion),inactivated;hepatitis A(live)vaccine,freeze-dried;rabies vaccine(Vero Cell)for human use,freeze-dried;lyophilized human measles and rubella combined vaccine,live;measles and mumps combined vaccine, live; haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome bivalent vaccine, inactived; group A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Results:① The linear relationship between the pyrogen concentration and the IL-6 level was good,and R2 value was 0. 996,0. 993 and 0. 997,respectively. ② The recovery rate of pyrogen in the above vaccines ranged from 50% to 200% . ③ The endotoxin concentration of 10 batches of group A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine was detected using HL-60 / IL-6 assay,and the average value of 6 batches from factory A was 134. 73 EU·ml-1 ,and that of 4 batches from factory B was 40. 75 EU·ml -1 . The pyrogen in the other vaccines was all negative. Conclusion:The HL-60 / IL-6 assay is suitable for the pyrogen detection of the seven kinds of vaccines.

Objective To investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in rat model with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods The model of CHF in male Sprague-Dawley rat was established using subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. The rats were randomized into model group (n = 10),angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) group ( n=10) and IGF- 1 group ( n = 10). The rats injected with saline were used as normal controls (n=10). The haemodynamic parameters of rats in each group were detected. The concentration of plasma angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) and expression of ICAM-1 in rat myocardium were determined by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry,respectively. Results Compared with model group, ACEI and IGF-1 could rescue the diversities of hemodynamic parameters. In addition, ACEI and IGF-1 could also significantly down-regulated concentration of plasma Ang Ⅱ and inhibited ICAM-1 expression. Compared with ACEI, IGF-1 more significantly inhibited ICAM-I expression (0. 804 ± 0. 024 vs. 1. 254 ± 0. 059) and down-regulated concentration of plasma AngⅡ [(369.2±65.0) μg/L vs. (384.4±56.2) μg/L]. Conclusions IGF-1 can suppress ICAM-1 expression in rat model with CHF induced by isoproterenol. This effect may be related to inhibiting activation of RAS system.

Objective To assess the clinical value of high-frequency electrocautery in the treatment of massive hemorrhage of presacral venous plexus. Methods The clinical data of 8 patients with presacral venous hemorrhage treated with high-frequency electrocautery from February 2005 to March 2008 were analyzed. Once the presacral venous hemorrhage happened, the bleeding site was pressed with a gauze or finger and the accumulated blood was aspirated. Then, while simultaneously withdrawing the gauze or finger over the bleeding sites, high-frequency electrocautery was applied with a power of 80-100 W to coagulate all the bleeding sites. Results High-frequency electrocautery was used to stop bleeding in the 8 patients, and no electrocautery related complica-tions occurred postoperatively. Conclusions High-frequency electrocautery for massive hemorrhage of presacral venous plexus is simple, efficient and safe.