Objective: To investigate the expression of KAI1 gene in the urothelial cancer tissues and its relationship with the invasion and metastasis of urothelial cancer. Methods: The expression of KAI1 mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative(RFQ-PCR) in urothelial cancer tissues and normal mucosa of urinary tract. The KAI1 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC) method in bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissues and the paired normal mucosal tissues. Results: QRT-PCR showed that the average level of KAI1 mRNA in the urothelial cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in the normal bladder tissues (P<0.01); moreover, the increase of pathological grades and clinical stages and the development of lymphatic metastasis were associated with the decrease of KAI1 expression, with significant difference found between the different groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The protein expression of KAI1 in the urothelial cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in the normal bladder tissues(P<0.01). The protein expression of KAI1 was decreased with the increase of pathological grades (P<0.05 or P<0.01). We also found that higher expression of KAI1 was associated with superficial invasion (P<0.05) and the presence of lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion: The down-regulation of KAI1 gene is associated with differentiation, infiltration, and lymphatic metastasis of urothelial cancer, which might serve as an effective indicator for malignancy, metastasis and prognosis of urothelial cancer.

Objective: To investigate the association of EphA 2 and KAI 1 protein expressions with the occurrence, invasion, and metastasis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissues (BTCC). Methods: The expressions of EphA 2 and KAI 1 proteins were determined by immunohistochemical SP method in 88 cases of BTCC tissues and 76 cases of pericancerous normal bladder tissues. Results: The expression of EphA 2 protein was significantly higher in BTCC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.01). The expression of EphA 2 protein was gradually increased with the elevation of pathological grades of BTCC. The positive rate of EphA 2 expression was significantly higher in deeply infiltrating BTCC than superficially infiltrating BTCC (P < 0.05). It was significantly higher in the group with lymph node metastasis than those without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The expression of KAI 1 protein was significantly lower in BTCC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.01). The expression of KAI 1 was gradually decreased with the elevation of pathological grades of BTCC. The positive rate of KAI 1 expression was significantly lower in deeply infiltrating BTCC than in superficially infiltrating BTCC (P < 0.05). It was significantly lower in the BTCC with lymph node metastasis than those without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). A significantly negative correlation was observed between the expression of EphA 2 and that of KAI 1 in BTCC tissues with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Overexpression of EphA 2 and weak expression of KAI 1 may be involved in the tumorigenesis, infiltration, and migration of BTCC.

Objective To summarize our experience in managing cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) rhinorrhea. Methods 82 cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea treated in our department from 1995 to 1999 were reviewed retrospectively. 61 were male and 21 were female.They ranged from 2 to 82 years old.CSF leak was caused by trauma in 43 cases,iatrogenic injury in 18 cases and spontaneous leak occurred in 21 cases. Results 36 cases underwent surgical repair.The closure rate was 86 11%.Otorhinolaryngologists underwent 25 cases,and 23 cases succeeded (92%).The department of neurology underwent 11 cases,and 8 cases succeeded (72 7%). Conclusions The repair of CSF leak through transnasal extracranial approach can obtain better therapeutic results,especially through intranasal endoscopy.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Myositis ; physiopathology

AIM:To observe the structural basis of ocular motility abnormalities in patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type Ⅰ ( CFEOM Ⅰ) due to missense mutations in the developmental kinesin KIF21A using high - resolution magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) .
METHODS: Totally 11 affected individuals reported KIF21A mutations were correlated with MRI studies demonstrating extraocular muscles ( EOMs ) size, location, contractility, and innervation. EOMs and the motor nerve in the orbits were imaged with T1 weighted in a triplanar scan using a dual-phased coils with 2. 0mm thick. Motor nerves were imaged at the brainstem using head coils and 3D-FIESTA with 0. 6-mm thick.
RESULTS: Patients with CFEOM Ⅰ exhibited different degrees of hypoplasia of oculomotor nerve, the abducens nerve and the trochlear nerve were also affected, of which 8 cases of orbital section could see the signal of abnormal nerve dominated by oculomotor nerve to lateral rectus. The both sides of six EOMS in all patients exhibited variable atrophy and abnormal bright internal signal on T1 imaging, particularly severe for the superior rectus and levator muscles.
CONCLUSION: High - resolution MRI can directly demonstrate pathology of motor nerves,affected EOMs, and ‘Pulley' hypoplasia caused by CFEOM Ⅰ due to mutations in KIF21A,and these findings suggest that the neuronal hypoplasia is the etiological factor of CFEOM.

Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity of four dentin filling materials and two dentin adhe-sives with a dentin barrier test and to compare the results with those in a conventional filter diffusion test in order to investigate the advantages of the dentin barrier test.Methods: Eugenol cement, zinc phos-phate cement, adhesive glass ionomer cement, composite resin and two self-etching adhesives ( REMI BOND and Adper Easy One) were tested.In the dentin barrier test, L929 mouse fibroblasts were three-dimensional cultured in polystyrene meshes.The dentin disks were cut from the human third molars, near the pulp and in parallel with the occlusal surface, and their permeability within the measurement area was evaluated by a hydraulic permeability device.A mesh with the cells was placed in the “pulp cavity” of the chamber and one dentin disk was put on the cell mesh and its “pulp side” was in contact with the mesh.The test materials and controls were in contact with the“occlusal side” of the dentine disks for 24 h.The cell viability was obtained with MTT assay and the results were expressed as a percentage of con-trol tissues.The Mann-Whitney U test was used to make the statistical analyses.In the filter diffusion test, after a 24 h contact between the test materials and the filters with monolayer cells, the filters were dyed and the grades of cytotoxicity were decided.Results:A mean permeability of the dentin disks near the pulp was 0.293 μL/(min· cm2· cmH2O)(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa);In the dentin barrier test, Eu-genol cement, REMI BOND and Adper Easy One respectively reduced the cell survival rates to 82%, 63%and 54%.Other materials showed no or very low toxic reactions; In the filter diffusion test, the light-curing composite resin was moderately cytotoxic, the dental adhesive glass ionomer cement was mild-ly cytotoxic and the others were severely cytotoxic;All the six materials in the dentin barrier test had low-er cytotoxicity than in the filter diffusion test.Conclusion:The cytotoxicity of the test materials using the
dentin barrier test with three-dimensional cell cultures is lower than that in the filter diffusion test, which has good correlation with the clinical situation.

Objective To investigate the effect of ERK1/2 phosphorylation on the proliferation of human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) stimulated by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) Methods CCK8 was used to test the effect of AGEs with different concentration on the proliferation of HAVSMCs, and the effect of PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK1/2, on HAVSMCs proliferation stimulated by AGEs was also detected. Flow Cytometer (FCM) was used to detect the cell cycle transformation induced by AGEs. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of relative proteins. Results 10 mg/L AGEs observably facilitated the proliferation and the DNA synthesis of HAVSMCs and PD98059 (40 umol/L) markedly inhibited the proliferation and cell cycle evolution of HAVSMCs induced by AGEs. Furthermore, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and PCNA were regulated by AGEs and thus it showed time and dose dependent. Conclusion AGEs participates in the proliferation of HAVSMCs by activating ERK1/2 signal path.

Objective To investigate the effects of zinc deficiency on the expressions of Th1/Th2 cytokine interferon-?(IFN-?) and interleukin-4(IL-4)in asthmatic rats.Methods Animal models of asthma and zinc deficiency were established.Thirty-two SD rats were divided into 4 groups according to weight:zinc deficient diet with ovalbumin(OVA) challenge group(group A),zinc normal diet with OVA challenge group(group B),zinc normal pair-fed diet with OVA challenge group(group C) and zinc normal diet with saline challenge group(group D).The contents of IFN-? and IL-4 in lung homogenate were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The levels of IFN-? and IL-4 mRNAs were observed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Compared with group D,the content and mRNA expression of IFN-? of lung in group A,group B and group C all decreased significantly(all P0.05).No marked difference was found between group B and group C in all the results.Conclusions Zinc deficiency reduces the expression of IFN-? but have no influence on IL-4.The imbalance of Th1/Th2 cytokine may be associated with the increasing airway inflammatory reaction in zinc deficient asthmatic rats.

MTT Colorimetric method is usually applied for measuring the living animal cell number. By changing the reaction temperature and the reaction time as well as the colorimetric wavelength, the improved MTT colorimetric method was established to count the living bacterial cell number. This new method was used to measure the living cell concentration in the process for culturing bacteria PBW1. The results measured by the improved MIT colorimetric method and dilute plate method are similar. Compared with other methods including the dilute plate method, the improved MTT colorimetric method has many advantages such as accuracy, quickness.

OBJECTIVETo improve the recognition and treatment of Chinese cutis verticis gyrata.

METHODSBased on the review of the etiopathology, clinical features, diagnosis, classification and treatment of the disease in the literatures, six patients with the cutis verticis gyrata were treated with the skin graft or the expanded scalp flap.

RESULTSThe operative effects were satisfactory during 6 months to 5 years of the follow-ups. No recurrence was found in all cases. Two patients treated with skin graft had lead to baldness, four patients treated with the expanded scalp flap had been good appearance.

CONCLUSIONSThe method of the expanded scalp flap is good and effective treatment for the cutis verticis gyrate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; abnormalities ; Scalp Dermatoses ; pathology ; surgery ; Tissue Expansion ; methods ; Young Adult