Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effects on Candida albicans of vagina cells transferred with antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and human defensin 5 (HD5) recombinant plasmids and observe secretion of IL-8.Methods ( 1 ) The epithelial cells from female vagina were culture primarily.The pcDNA3.1 ( + )/HD5-EGFP and pcDNA3.1 ( + )/LL-37-EGFP eukaryotic recombinant plasmids were separately or jointly transferred into the fourth generation of vaginal epithelial cells.Two test groups were defined:one test group was no Candida albicans group including four subgroups which were untransferred group,HD5 group transferred with pcDNA3.1 ( + )/HD5-EGFP,LL-37 group transferred with pcDNA3.1 (+)/LL-37-EGFP,combining transferring group transferred with pcDNA3.1 ( + )/HD5-EGFP and pcDNA3.1 ( + )/LL-37-EGFP; the other test group was with Candida albicans group which the Candida albicans were coincubated with the four subgroups described above.(2) For examination of cytokines and chemokines,at 6,12,24 and 48 hours,the supernatant of every group was collected.ELISA was applied to detect the levels of LL-37,HD5 and IL-8.At each time point,the growth inhibition of Candida albicans was calculated by glucose consumption testing.Results ( 1 ) The max level of LL-37,HD5 and IL-8 reached max level after being transferred for 24 hours,then showed decreasing trend.The secretion of LL-37,HD5 and IL-8 was significant higher in combining transferring group in Candida albicans group than other groups,and the secretion level of LL-37,HD5 and IL-8 was (100.16 ±0.81 ) ng/ml,(58.50 ±2.08) μg/ml and ( 101.03 ± 1.59) pg/ml (P ＜0.01 ).(2) In different time point,the absorbance of each subgroup without Candida albicans declined slowly,and there were no statistically significant difference (P ＞0.05 ),as while as in LL-37 subgroup and HD5 subgroup with Candida albicans.In group with Candida albicans,the absorbance of combining transferring subgroup were 3.210 ± 0.010,3.150 ± 0.030,3.099 ± 0.030 and 2.970 ±0.040 at 6,12,24 and 48 hours,respectively,which was significantly higher than those in the other cells (P ＜ 0.01 ),and the declined trend was the slowest.Conclusions The antifungal ability of vaginal epithelial cell became stronger after being transferred with LL-37 and HD5 recombinant plasmids.LL-37 and HD5 could also possess immunomodulatory activity and induce chemokine IL-8 production.

Objective To evaluate the effect of remifentanil on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and QTc interval during tracheal intubation of general anesthesia patients. Methods Seventy-five ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ grade patients were selected and allocated to receive either saline (group C), remifentanil 0.50 μg/kg (group R1) or remifentanil 0.75 μg/kg(group R2) by random digits table with 25 cases in each, they were administrated as a bolus intravenous, followed by a continuous infusion at 0.10 μg/ (kg·min), 1 min before laryngoscopy. All patients received fentanyl 3 μg/kg,propofol 1.0 - 1.5 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. The ECG.MAP and HR were recorded prior to induction of anesthesia (T0), 2 min following the start of drug intravenous of fentanyl and propofol with vecuronium (T1), 1 min following remifentanil or saline (T2), before laryngoscopy(T3), 30 s (T4), 2 min (T5) and 4 min (T6) after intubation. Results The QTc interval was significantly prolonged immediately following intubation in group C and group R1, but it remained stable in group R2, compared with the QTc interval just before laryngoscopy. In group R2, QTc interval was significantly shorter at T4-T6 compared to group C(P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). QTc interval significantly increased from baseline at T4 in group R1 and T4-T6 in group C (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). The number of patients with QTc interval ＞ 440 ms were significantly greater immediately following tracheal intubation in group C than that in group R2 [44% (11/25) vs. 12% (3/25)] (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions QTc interval increases following tracheal intubation during induction of anesthesia using fentanyl and propofol. Intravenous of remifentanil attenuates the QTc interval prolongation associated with tracheal intubation. In addition, remifentanil decreases the hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation.

Background The accurate calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) power is essential for attaining the desired refractive outcome after cataract surgery,especially for patients with high myopia and posterior scleral staphyloma.Objective This study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of IOL Master compared with contact A-scan in cataract patients with high myopia and posterior scleral staphyloma,then compare the accuracy of different IOL power calculation formulas.Methods This was a prospective case control clinical research.Fourty-one eyes with age-related cataract of 28 patients underwent phacoemulsification with monofocal foldable IOL implantation in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital were involved,who were all high myopia with posterior scleral staphyloma.Preoperative measurement was measured with IOL Master as well as with contact A-scan and manual keratometry.IOL power was calculated according to the SRK-Ⅱ,SRK-T,Haigis,Hoffer Q,Holladay 1 formulas.The refractive outcome was followed-up 3 months after operation.Results The difference was significant between the 2 methods in axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurement (P =0.005,0.000) ; In corneal curvature measurement,there was no significant difference between them (P =0.398).When mean absolute refractive error (MAE) was divided by ±1.00 D,The SRK/T and Haigis formula performed better than other formulas measured by IOL Master;The Holladay 1,Hoffer Q and Haigis formula performed better than other formulas measured by contact A-scan combined with manual keratometry,respectively.Conclusions For cataract patients with high myopia and posterior scleral staphyloma,SRK/T and Haigis formula were recommended when employing IOL Master; whereas when using contact A-scan combined with manual keratometry,we prefer Holladay 1,Hoffer Q or Haigis formula.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of epidural saline washout on regression of sensory and motor block after epidural anesthesia in elderly patients.Methods A total of 70 males with ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ who were subjected lumbar epidural anesthesia with 10 ml of 1.73% bicarbonate-lidocaine and fentanyl 50 μg (1 ml).At the end of transurethral surgery,the washout group (35 cases) received an epidural bolus of 20 ml saline while the control group(35 cases) did not,extracted the epidural catheter after 10 minutes.Results Mean times of 3-dermatomal sensory regression for pinpric, 1-grade of motor block, and the rate of 1 h motor block were significantly shorter in the washout group than those in the control group [(24.6 ± 15.9) min vs(32.8 ± 16.7) min, (32.7 ± 13.4) min vs(47.9 ± 22.6) min,5 cases (14.3%) vs 14 cases (40.0%)](P < 0.05 or < 0.01 ).There was no difference in pain-killer utilization, postoperative pain scores no more than 3 scores and side effects between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion It suggests that epidural washout facihtates regression of both sensory and motor block following epidural anesthesia without reducing the postoperative analgesic benefit.

Objective:To explore the effect of endothelin-1 on atrial ifbrosis in patients with atrial ifbrillation (AF).
Methods: A total of 72 patients with thoracotomy were studied, the patients were divided into 2 groups:AF group, n=39 and Sinus rhythm (SR) group, n=33. The mRNA and protein expressions of endothelin-1 (ET-1), platelet derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) and collagen I (COL1) in right atrial appendage (RAA) tissue were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis;meanwhile, the impact of ET-1 stimulation and non-selective ET-1 receptor antagonist (sulfafurazole SIZ) on PDGF-B mRNA and protein expressions in H9c2 cells were measured.
Results: ①The RAA tissue mRNA and protein expressions in AF group were higher than those in SR group, as for ET-1 (2.830 ± 2.276) vs (1.220 ± 0.887) and (0.835 ± 0.241) vs (0.286 ± 0.083), both P<0.01;for PDGF-B (2.568 ± 2.348) vs (1.567 ± 0.831) and (0.807±0.241) vs (0.381 ± 0.105), both P<0.05;for COL1α1 (3.376 ± 1.598) vs (1.629 ± 0.833) and (0.652 ± 0.210) vs (0.312 ± 0.12), both P<0.05.②The protein expressions of ET-1 and COL1 had positive correlation (r=0.580, P<0.01).③ET-1 promoted PDGF-B secretion in H9c2 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner;SIZ could reduce such promotion.
Conclusion: ET-1 plays an important role in AF occurrence which might be related to PDGF-B regulation.

Objective To research and evaluate measuring Toric intraocular lens (Toric IOL) alignment by iTrace aberration without mydriasis.Methods Forty-five eyes of 35 patients underwent phacoemulsification in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from June 2015 to February 2016 were enrolled.Follow-up and iTrace aberration examination were performed at postoperative 1 week.The internal optics aberration astigmatism axis was transformed into postoperative Toric IOL alignment.The result and the Toric IOL alignment measured by tradition slitlamp method were compared by linear correlation and difference.Results At postoperative 1 week,the uncorrected distant visual acuity and corrected distant visual acuity were (0.19 ± 0.12)LogMAR and (0.10 ±0.09) LogMAR.The UCVA was 20/40 or better in 42 eyes (93.3％).The mean IOL misalignment measured by slitlamp was (3.13 ± 2.86) degrees (ranged 0-9 degrees) and by the iTrace aberration was (4.44 ± 3.42) degrees(ranged 0-13 degrees),there was statistical significant difference (t =-2.321,P =0.025).The mean difference in the error of the Toric intraocular lens alignment measured by iTrace aberration and the slitlamp was (3.67 ± 3.59) degrees (ranged 0-14 degrees).The results showed that there was less than 5 degrees of difference between the two methods in 32 eyes (71.1％),locate 5 to 10 degrees in 9 eyes (20％),more than 10 degrees in 4 eyes (8.9％).The correlation between the 2 methods showed significant linear relationship (r =0.926,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Using iTrace aberration can accurately measure Toric intraocular lens alignment without mydriasis,the result has some reference value.

Objective To investigate the changes of T cell subsets including Th1,Th2,Th17 and Treg in the hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) patients.Methods 35 EV71 induced HMFD patients and 12 non-infectious children were included in this study.Patients were divided into mild symptoms group and severe symptoms group.The ratios of Th1,Th2,Th17 and Treg were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results Sixteen mild cases and 19 severe cases were included in the 35 patients.No statistical difference of children′s age and sex were found among the groups(P>0.05).The proportion[M(P25,P75)] of Th1 cells of mild and severe groups were 10.65%(8.73%,14.08%) and 15.51% (13.47%,18.31%),respectively,which were significantly higher than normal control group 5.51% (3.61%,8.61%)(P<0.05).The proportion of Th2 cells of mild and severe groups were 4.32%(2.60%,5.32%) and 3.87% (2.34%,5.32%),no significant difference from control group 2.11% (1.02%,5.11%)(P<0.05).The proportion of Th17 cells of mild and severe groups were 8.32%(5.25%,12.33%),7.36% (5.05%,11.9%),significantly higher than that of normal control group 4.23% (2.44%,6.22%)(P<0.05).The proportion of Treg cells of mild and severe groups were 1.46% (0.31%,2.73%),1.59%(0.35%,2.62%),no significant difference from the control group 1.78% (0.31%,2.77%)(P<0.05).Conclusion The Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios of HFMD patients with EV71 virus infection were changed,and the Th1 and Th17 cells may play an important role in the in the disease and body′s resistance.

Objective To compare the incidence of pancreatic fistula after hand and stapler suture in preventing pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy.Methods The literatures published before December 2011 were retrieved from SinoMed and electronic database.Prospective controlled trials and retrospective reports were screened out for Meta analysis.The diagnostic criteria of pancreatic fistula were based on the criteria formulated by the International Study group of Pancreatic Fistula.The heterogeneity of the studies was analyzed using the Ⅰ2 test.The data were integrated using the fixed or random effect model.The results of the Meta analysis were presented with odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI).Results According to the selection criteria,lO literatures were selected which included 1 prospective randomized controlled study,3 prospective nonrandomized controlled studies and 6 retrospective studies.There were 1 441 cases in the hand suture group and 612 cases in the stapler suture group.There was no significant difference in the incidences of the pancreatic fistula between the hand suture group and the stapler suture group (OR =1.10,95％ CI:0.86-1.40,P ＞0.05).Six studies compared the incidences of severe pancreatic fistula (grade B or C) between the hand suture group and the stapler suture group.There were 1 182 cases in the hand suture group and 383 cases in the stapler suture group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of severe pancreatic fistula between the hand suture group and the stapler suture group (OR=1.33,95％CI:0.94-1.88,P＞0.05).Conclusion The efficacies of hand suture and stapler suture in preventing pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy are comparable.Stapler suture provides an another option in distal pancreatectomy.

Objective To explore the treatment effect of potato homogenate on the treatment of drug extravasation during intravenous injection.Methods 320 cases of drug extravasation patients during the intravenous infusion were randomly divided into the potato homogenategroup,named group A; patato slice group named group B and magnesium sulfate group as group C.The group A,B and C were separately treated with the external application of potato homogenate,thin slice of fresh potato and 33％ magnesium sulfate.The therapeutic effects of the 3 groups were compared.Results The therapeutic effect of group A was superior to that of group B and C,and the healing time in group A was much shorter than that in group B and C,and group B was batter than group C,there was significant difference between the above comparison groups.Conclusions The therapeutic effect of external application of fresh potato in the treatment of extravasation injury caused by the drugs is remarkable.Potato homogenate can improve the treatment effect and shorten healing time when compared with potato slice.

Objective To investigate the relationship between CIDE-B change and apoptosis by detecting expression of CIDE-B gene and protein under various injuring conditions(firearm injury and in- cision injury)and comparing neuronal apoptosis.Methods A total of 108 New Zealand rabbits were randomized into firearm injury group,incision injury group and control group.Samples were harvested at different time points after injury for measuring CIDE-B mRNA expression level by RT-PCR,demonstrating morphological distribution of CIDE-B mRNA by in situ hybridization and determining CIDE-B protein level by Western blot.Results Following nerve injury,CIDE-B mRNA expression in spinal cord was en- hanced markedly in the firearm injury group,increased from at day 1,reached peak at day 7,lasted for two weeks and declined after four weeks.CIDE-B mRNA expression was increased late,with small range in the incision injury group.The changes in CIDE-B protein level accorded with those in CIDE-B mRNA level.There was slight CIDE-B mRNA expression,distributing in spinal cord neuronal cytoplasma,in spinal cord tissues in the control group.Conclusions Following peripheral nerve injury,expressions of CIDE-B mRNA and protein are enhanced in spinal cord neurons and distributed in the grey matter of spi- nal cord.Such enhancement is more marked after firearm injury than incision injury.