AlM:To investigate the factors and solutions of Tibetan Plateau excimer laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASlK ) for myopia overcorrection.METHODS: The relevant information, 32 cases ( 58 eyes) in 126 cases (252 eyes) had obvious overcorrection after LASlK were analyzed.RESULTS: Two months after surgery, 32 cases ( 58 eyes) overcorrection (23. 0%), uncorrected visual acuity of 0. 5 ~0. 8, overcorrection range of +1. 50 ~ +2. 25DS, subjective inserts were ≥ 1. 0; Five case ( 7 eyes ) overcorrection 6mo after surgery (2. 8%), uncorrected visual acuity 0. 8~1. 0-2 , overcorrection range is +0. 75 ~+1. 25DS, subjective inserts were≥1. 0. Corneal thickness of overcorrection was 500~563μm, preoperative refraction was -5. 00 ~ -7. 50D, astigmatism -1. 50 ~ -2. 75DC, preoperative best corrected visual acuity ≥1. 0.CONCLUSlON: Overcorrection and long recovery time after LASlK in Tibet, possibly with local factors altitude, temperature, humidity, surgical parameters and situation.

OBJECTIVETo reveal the effects of three days' repeated exhausted eccentric exercise on the skeletal muscle apoptosis and proliferation in rats.

METHODSFifty male SD rats aged at 8 week old were randomly divided into control group (C) and training groups (B1, B2, B3, B4) (n = 10), the training groups ran on a treadmill every day till exhausted. After they had been trained repeatedly for three days, their medial head of triceps brachii muscle cell apoptosis was detected in paraffin section by the TUNEL, expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein was examined by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS(1) The apoptosis appeared sequential change, and it was consistent with the exercise-induced skeletal muscle micro-injury (EIMmI). The apoptosis index in the training group after exercise was much greater than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and it reached the peak at 24 h after exercise, then it reduced at 48 h after exercise. (2) The express of PCNA exhibited a sequential change after exercise, the proliferation index in the training group after exercise was greater than that in the control group (P < 0.05), it increased after exercise immediately, but it reduced at 3 h after exercise, then was reached the peak at 24 h after exercise, the proliferation index was moderately correlated with the apoptosis index (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION(1) Cell apoptosis can induce the delayed skeletal muscle damage. (2) Apoptosis may be a start factor of skeletal muscle regeneration.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; cytology ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

italic>Alangium chinense is a commonly used medicinal plant of Alangiaceae Alangium, one of the characteristic Miao medicines in Guizhou. The genus is strongly differentiated and has complex morphological variation, with significant differences in active ingredients and potency among herbs. In this paper, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of Alangium chinense subsp. Pauciflorum, Alangium chinense subsp. Strigosum and Alangium kurzii Craib using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The genomes of Alangium chinense subsp. Pauciflorum, Alangium chinense subsp. Strigosum and Alangium kurzii Craib chloroplasts were sequenced, their assembly annotation and structural characterization were completed, and the genomes of the congeners Alangium chinense and Alangium alpinum were downloaded from NCBI for comparative analysis. Finally, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by selecting published species with close affinity to Alangium chinense family from NCBI. The results were as follows: Alangium chinense subsp. Pauciflorum, Alangium chinense subsp. Strigosum and Alangium kurzii Craib chloroplast genomes were 156 670, 156 672 and 156 871 bp in length, with a typical four-segment structure, all containing one long single copy region (LSC), one short single copy region (SSC) and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb). All of them were annotated to 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Three types of long repeat sequences and SSR loci, forward repeats, palindrome repeats and reverse repeats, were found in all chloroplast genomes. Comparative genomic analysis showed that there was diversity in the boundary transition regions of the five species, no rearrangements or inversions were found in the chloroplast genome, and there were significant differences in the coding regions of ndhA, ycf1, rpl16, ycf2, and petD genes, which provided new loci for molecular identification of Patagonia. In the phylogenetic analysis, Alangium kurzii var. kurzii clustered as a single species, and Alangium chinense subsp. Pauciflorum and Alangium chinense subsp. Strigosum clustered as a single species, with a support rate of 93 and close affinity, indicating that the phylogenetic tree can be used for the species identification. This paper can provide a basis for the taxonomic identification of Alangium, ensure the safety of clinical use of anise herbs and regulate the market of Alangium chinense herbs.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the use of Delorme procedure for full-thickness rectal prolapse.

METHODSA series of 25 patients with full-thickness rectal prolapse were treated by Delorme procedure in four institutions between March 2005 and June 2010. The clinicopathological data were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThere were 9 males and 16 females. The mean age was 52(46-72) years old. All the procedures were successfully performed. There were no perioperative deaths. The mean operative time was 65(45-150) min. The intraoperative bleeding was 58(20-200) ml. The mean length of hospital stay was 8.5(5-14) days. Anastomosis dehiscence occurred in 1 patient at post-operative day 7 who was managed under anesthesia. Minor complications occurred in 8(32%) patients, including urinary retention(n=3), intractable pain(n=1), and bowel obstruction(n=4). The follow up time ranged from 2 to 6 years with a median of 3.5 years. Prolapse recurrence was observed in 1(4%) patient during the follow up. The remission rates of fecal incontinence, constipation, bleeding were 37.5%(6/16), 45.5%(5/11), and 15.4%(2/11), respectively. The Wexner incontinence score significantly decreased (median, 5.0 vs. 9.0, P<0.01). The resting pressure and maximum squeeze pressure increased significantly after surgery, while the initial volume and maximal tolerance volume decreased significantly(All P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSDelorme procedure is safe and easy to perform. The anorectal function is improved after surgery. Therefore it should be considered the procedure of choice for rectal prolapsed.

Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Prolapse ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletic Performance ; psychology ; Back ; physiology ; Electromyography ; Exercise ; physiology ; Humans ; Imagery (Psychotherapy) ; Male ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the patterns and morphologic characteristics of blunt head injury and analyse its formative mechanism in attempt to provide references for medicolegal expertise.

METHODSThe statistical analysis was done in terms of gender, age, as well as the nature, pattern, location, and feature of the injuries.

RESULTSAmong the 202 cases of head injury-induced death, 124 were male and 78 female with the age ranging from 1-81 years. Death caused by homicide was dominant (106, 52.5%), followed by suicide (49, 24.3%) and accident (44, 21.8%). The majority of suicide-induced death were by falling from height, and traffic crash was responsible for majority of unexpected death cases. The morphology and pathogenesis of the injuries varied according to differences on the mode, magnitude, and orientation of the outside force giving rise to blunt injury as well as the character of vulnerants.

CONCLUSIONStudies on the morphology and its formative rationale of blunt head injury will offer easy access to medicolegal expertise on the mode and character of the injury.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Head Injuries, Closed ; etiology ; mortality ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) combined with antithymocytic globulin (ATG) in the treatment of severe steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (UD-HSCT).

METHODSTen leukemic patients who developed severe steroid-resistant aGVHD during UD-HSCT received a standard dose of anti-CD25 mAb and a medium or low dose of ATG. The effect on aGVHD control, patients' survival, infection and relapse after the therapy were analyzed.

RESULTSEight of the 10 patients had complete remission and 2 had partial remission after the combined therapy. In the 8 patients with complete remission, 2 developed third degree aGVHD 3-3.5 months after the transplantation, and were managed with a second combined therapy to successfully achieve complete remission. In the total of 12 combined treatments, the median time of therapeutic effect was 5 days (3-10 days); the median complete relief time was 12 days (8-30 days) in the 10 cases. Among the 8 patients who survived for more than 3 months, 7 were diagnosed to have chronic GVHD including 4 with extensive chronic GVHD. No relapse of leukemia was found in these patients. Five patients survived the 2-year-long follow-up after the transplantation with survival time over 2 years; of the 5 patients who died within 2 years after the transplantation, 1 survived for more than one year, and 4 for less than 6 months. Two patients died from invasive fungal infection, two from aGVHD and one from cGVHD-induced multiple organ failure.

CONCLUSIONAnti-CD25 mAb combined with ATG has good therapeutic effect on steroid-resistant sever aGVHD and may help achieve high complete remission rate and long-term survival in leukemic patients after UD-HSCT.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; Male ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDDifferential diagnosis of isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis (ICMVT) and gastrocnemius hematoma is essential for early identification of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound for differential diagnosis of ICMVT and gastrocnemius hematoma.

METHODSA retrospective case series of 35 ICMVT (M:F, 21:14; mean age (64.5 ± 10.6) years) and 23 gastrocnemius hematoma (M:F, 16:7; mean age (75.4 ± 11.8) years) patients with bilateral/unilateral lower limb pain was conducted between January 2006 and September 2012. Characteristics and the morphology of high-frequency color Doppler ultrasonography of the lower limb deep vein, great saphenous vein, calf muscles, skin, and soft tissue were examined.

RESULTSICMVT hypoechoic signals were characterized by long, tube-like masses on longitudinal sections and oval masses on transverse sections, with apparent muscle thrombosis boundaries, distal and proximal venous connections, and, often, lower limb DVT. Gastrocnemius hematoma hypoechoic signals were characterized by large volumes, enhanced posterior hematoma echo, hyperechoic muscle boundaries, no hematoma blood flow, and no DVT, and clear differences in trauma/exercise- and oral anticoagulant-induced hematomas were readily apparent. According to the measurement, the ratio of long diameter/transverse diameter (D/T) in ICMVT patients was about less than 2.0, whereas in gastrocnemius hematoma patients the ratio was more than 2.0. Early stage isoechoic and hypoechoic signals were detected with gradually increasing ovular anechoic areas. Partial muscle fibers in the hematoma due to muscle fractures were apparent.

CONCLUSIONHigh-frequency color Doppler ultrasound was found to be a sensitive and reliable method for differential diagnosis of ICMVT and gastrocnemius hematoma due to trauma and exercise or prolonged oral anticoagulant use.

Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Venous Thrombosis ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVETo observe the electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment at Baihui (GV20) on the concentration of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and adenosine, and to evaluate its effects on the neurologic function score and the infarction volume after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), thus exploring its mechanisms for relieving the ischemia/reperfusion injury.

METHODSTotally 54 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the sham-EA group, the EA group, and the control group, 18 in each group. Rats in the control group were not intervened after anesthesia. Rats in the EA group were needled at Baihui (GV20) for 30 min. Rats in the sham-EA group received the same procedure as those performed in the EA group without electricity connected. The changes of adenosine and ADA contents were detected at 30, 60, and 120 min after EA respectively. The I/R model was established. Totally 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e., the model group (Group A), the EA group (Group B), the EA +8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) group (Group C), the EA + DMSO group (Group D), the Deoxycoformycin (Deo) group (Group E), and the normal saline group (Group F). Rats in Group B, C, and D received EA for 30 min before modeling. Rats in Group C and D were peritoneally injected with DPCPX (1 mg/kg) and DMSO (1 mL/kg) at 30 min before EA. The neurologic function score was evaluated and the infarct volumes were detected after 24-h reperfusion.

RESULTSCompared with the sham-EA group, there was no statistical difference in the contents of the adenosine or ADA in the control group at each time point (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group at the same time point, the content of ADA significantly decreased at 60 min in the EA group [(315.0 +/- 22.9 U/L), P < 0.05], and restored to the normal level at 120 min after EA. The content of adenosine increased in the EA group at 120 min [(20.4 +/- 2.2) ng/microL, P < 0.05]. Compared with the model group, the neurologic function score decreased (P < 0.05) and the infarct volumes were obviously reduced (P < 0.01) in Group B, D and E. There was no statistical difference in the neurologic function score or the infarct volumes in other groups, when compared with the model group (P > 0.05)

CONCLUSIONEA at Baihui (GV20) showed protective effects on the cerebral I/R rats, which might be achieved through lowering the ADA concentration and elevating the adenosine content, and further activating adenosine A1 receptor.

Adenosine Deaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo use a mathematical model and computer simulation to study transmission dynamics and control of schistosomiasis in mountainous regions of Sichuan.

METHODSBased on studies of schistosomiasis japonica transmission in 20 villages in mountainous regions of Sichuan, a mathematical model was developed to characterize the impact of local environmental factors on transmission intensity. The model integrated site-specific factors and was calibrated to field epidemiological data from 3 subset villages. The dichotomic method was then used to predict different control measures.

RESULTSThe study showed high variations in prevalence of infection and infection intensity across villages, ranging between 3%-73%, 0.1-100 epg (eggs per gram stool), respectively. Important factors including occupation of local residents, exposure to contaminated water, microclimatic characteristics were integrated in the model. The predictions of dichotomic models showed that continuing chemotherapy (coverage between 50%-60%) could reduce infection intensities to 30%-80%, but could not change local transmission potential; therefore, the termination of chemotherapy would be followed by bouncing back of transmission. Sustaining targeted environmental interventions through snail and parasite oval control at certain coverage (30%-50%, respectively) could reduce the transmission to relatively stable levels. The model predictions showed that an integrated control (e.g., including both chemotherapy and environmental interventions) could suppress the transmission to an undetectable level even interruption of transmission between 5-10 years.

CONCLUSIONThe study demonstrated the feasibility of using a dynamic model, calibrated to local data, to gain insights into complicated processes underlying the transmission and informing site-specific control strategies.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Environment ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Schistosoma japonicum ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Snails ; parasitology