Objective To explore an efficient preparation method of pseudo-ginsenoside Rg2, pseudo-ginsenoside Rh1, and pseudo-PPT, as to provide theoretical basis for the preparation of pseudo-ginsenosides and pseudo-PPT. Methods Ginsenosides Re, Rh1, and PPT as raw material, via a simple three-step called acetylation, elimination-addition and saponification achieve the preparation of 20 (E/Z)-pseudo-ginsenoside Rg2, 20 (E/Z)-pseudo-ginsenoside Rh1, and 20 (E/Z)-pseudo-PPT. The detailed structure elucidation of the compounds were obtained by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and IR. Results The production rates of 20 (E/Z)-pseudo-ginsenoside Rg2, 20 (E/Z)-pseudo-ginsenoside Rh1, and 20 (E/Z)-pseudo-PPT were 41%/13%, 43%/11%, and 56%/15%, respectively. Among them, 20 (Z)-pseudo-PPT was identified as new triterpenoid. Conclusion The method through the price relatively cheap and easy gain reactants ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rh1, and PPT prepared active better pseudo-ginsenoside Rg2, pseudo-ginsenoside Rh1, and pseudo-PPT, the method for the preparation of other types of pseudo-ginsenoside provides a new train of thought. At the same time, the method is simple and the yield is high.

Deflazacort (DFZ, a prodrug) is well absorbed and rapidly metabolized into the active metabolite 21-hydroxydeflazacort (21-OH DFZ) after oral administration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers after a single and multiple oral administration of DFZ tablets under fed condition. Twelve volunteers (six males and six females) were administered a single dose of 6 mg or 12 mg or 24 mg of DFZ in three different periods separately, according to the 3 x 3 Latin square design. Between each administration period there was a washout period of one week. The multiple-dose study of 12 mg dose DFZ per day for 7 consecutive days was started after a 1 w washout period when the single-dose study completed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 21-OH DFZ after the single oral administration of 6 mg, 12 mg and 24 mg DFZ tablets were as follows: (37.7 +/- 11.6), (61.5 +/- 17.7) and (123 +/- 23) ng x mL(-1) for C(max); (1.90 +/- 0.32), (1.96 +/- 0.27) and (2.13 +/- 0.34) h for t1/2; (96.6 +/- 25.9), (190 +/- 44) and (422 +/- 107) ng x h x mL(-1) for AUC(0-14 h), respectively. After the multiple dose administration, the mean plasma concentration at steady-state C(av) was (7.00 +/- 1.66) ng x mL(-1) and the degree of plasma concentration fluctuation DF was 7.7 +/- 1.2. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers were linear over the dose range of 6 to 24 mg. No significant gender differences were found in the pharmacokinetics of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers. After the multiple dose administration of 12 mg DFZ for 7 d, no accumulation of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers was observed.
Administration, Oral ; Area Under Curve ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnenediones ; pharmacokinetics ; Tablets

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ureteral Obstruction ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures ; methods

Adolescent ; Adrenalectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the academic level and the popularity of the Chinese Journal of Hepatology in China in 2005.

METHODSWe used bibliometrics to analyze statistically the original articles of the Chinese Journal of Hepatology cited by Chinese periodicals included in the Wanfang Data in 2005.

RESULTS(1) 699 published papers in the journal in 2005 were cited 1673 times and 44 of them were cited 720 times in total. (2) The papers published in the Chinese Journal of Hepatology were cited by journals in China starting from 1993 through 2005. Of all the cited articles, 1.49% of them were cited in the same year as they were published. (3) Non-specific rate of the Chinese Journal of Hepatology was 96.17%, and self-cite rate was 3.83%. (4) Papers published in the Chinese Journal of Hepatology were cited by 400 Chinese periodicals, 99 of them are journals included in the Chinese Science Citation Database, and 110 of them are Chinese core periodicals.

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese Journal of Hepatology is one of the high level academic Chinese periodicals. This journal reflects the progress in research on liver diseases in China.

Adult ; Aged ; Chyle ; Humans ; Kidney ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; Lymphatic Vessels ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urine

OBJECTIVETo study the academic level, subject location, influence, readership, degree of usage and recognition by the readers of the Chinese Journal of Hepatology.

METHODSBy referring to the "Chinese & T Journal Citation Reports" edited by the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, the numbers, types, pertinent diseases, funding statues, citing, and the intervals between receiving and the publication of all the articles published in the 72 issues of the Chinese Journal of Hepatology were statistically analyzed. The work units and the geographic locations of the authors were also analyzed.

RESULTSDuring the past ten years, 2,437 articles were published, 27.4 percent of the total received. Of the published articles 892 were on viral hepatitis (36.6%), 428 on liver fibrosis or cirrhosis (17.6%), 421 on liver cancer (17.3%), and 696 on other subjects (28.6%). The impact factor and the total cited numbers of the articles of the journal were among the top five in the profession. Some other reference indexes used to evaluate the periodicals of the journal were better than average level of other periodicals in China. The number of references of each original article in this journal averaged 4.6, most of which were English ones. The average number of the authors of each articles were 4.5, and 89.7 percent of all the articles were written by two authors. Only one article was from an American author (first author), and the others first authors were all from 31 provinces, main cities and PLA institutions in China. Of the total 2,437 articles, 71.7% (1,744) were from the following: Chongqing (387), Shanghai (381), Beijing (315), Guangdong (227), PLA institutions (212), Zhejiang (115), and Hubei (107).

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese Journal of Hepatology is a periodical which has been highly regarded by professionals and has a great influence in academic fields.

OBJECTIVEThe Chinese Journal of Hepatology is a key journal in the research field of liver diseases in China. Ranked by the impact factor, which was issued and used by the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, it is in fourth position among medical journals in China. In order to evaluate the journal, some facts about it were surveyed, including the number of pages, the number of papers in each issue, organizations of the authors, funding for their works, the impact factor, immediacy index, statuses of the articles' references, and a listing of their being cited.

METHODSThe number of pages of each issue, the number of papers in every volume, and citations were quantitatively analyzed. Funding, impact factor, immediacy index, citations and organizations of the authors were analyzed by weighted Rank Sum Ratio (RSRw).

RESULTSIn the five years, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003, (1) The Chinese authors came from 26 of the 31 provinces and cities in China. 48.8% in 1999 to 71.7% in 2003 of the authors were working in medical universities or medical colleges, and some authors were overseas experts. (2) The number of articles cited in the five years were 702, 1158, 1087, 1178 and 1744. (3) The number of papers published were 248, 221, 242, 212 and 336. (4) Impact factors of the journal were 0.897, 0.931, 1.421, 1.858, 1.440. With the cites, immediacy index, cited rate, ratios of research provided by national or international funds and number of organizations of authors evaluated, the RSRw results of the five years were 0.2750, 0.3417, 0.5000, 0.5000 and 0.5000.

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese Journal of Hepatology is well-known and is one of the highest academic quality medical journals in China. It reflects the progress of liver disease research in China.

A reasonable method for the quality control of tablets of Ginkgo biloba leaves was established in this paper. The total flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones of G. biloba tablets were quantified by HPLC. Totally, 16 batches of the commercially available tablets of G. biloba leaves were determined. Among of them, 2 batches were unqualified in the content of total flavonol glycosides, and 3 batches were unqualified in the content of terpene lactones. A validated HPLC fingerprint method was established to evaluate the commercially available tablets of G. biloba leaves with the assistance of LC-MS. Sixteen batches showed the similarity of 0.763-0.989. There were 31 fingerprint chromatogram peaks were identified as flavonoids compositions by LC-MS. This provides a research idea for the quality control of tablets of G. biloba leaves.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Tablets ; chemistry