Some grain sprouts herbs recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010, including Oryzae Fructus Germinatus, Setariae Fructus Germinatus and Hordei Fructus Germinatus, together with their adulterants, were identified by ITS2 sequences. The genomic DNA were extracted, their ITS2 sequences were amplified, and purified PCR products were
sequenced. Sequences were assembled using the CodonCode Aligner. The genetic distances, variable sites and the neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree were computed by MEGA 6.0 in accordance with the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) model. The results showed that their intraspecific genetic distances were all much lower than the interspecific ones of themselves and their adulterants. The NJ tree based on ITS2 sequence indicated that Oryza sativa, Setariaitalica, and Hordeum vulgar formed one monophyletic clade respectively, in addition any one of the grain sprouts herbs and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. Therefore, ITS2 sequence is suitable to be as a barcode to identify the grain sprouts herbs and their adulterants.

Air ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; Propane ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Workplace

Liquid-phase microextraction is a novel pretreatment technique for biological samples developed on the basis of liquid-phase extraction technology, which is simple, rapid, economical, and environmentally friendly, and has been widely used in the analysis of biological matrix samples such as blood, urine, and saliva. In this paper, we review the basic principles of the main modes of liquid-phase microextraction techniques, i.e., single-drop microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction, and the progress of their applications in biological sample pretreatment by reviewing the literature in the past five years, with a view to providing technical support and reference for sample pretreatment in the fields of in vivo drug analysis, pharmacokinetic studies and new drug development.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Interleukin-1beta ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Male ; Seizures, Febrile ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Zinc ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid

Electronic case report forms (eCRFs) instead of the traditional paper case report forms (pCRFs) are increasingly used by investigators and sponsors of clinical research. We include a total of 14 phase III studies (8 pCRF, 6 eCRF) to compare paper and electronic data documentation both quantitatively and qualitatively in clinical studies. The result suggests that adaptions of electronic data capture (EDC) in clinical trials have the advantages in optimization of data capture process, improvement of data quality and earlier clinical decision compared to paper-based methods. Furthermore, the successful implementation of EDC requires accouplements with corresponding data management processes and reallocation of resources.
Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Data Collection ; methods ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; methods ; Medical Informatics

Due to a great amount of data in clinical trials, the data cleansing needs to adopt a variety of measures, including the latest developed visual check approach. According to the different types of clinical data and the different stages in the course of clinical data management, this study reviews 8 types of visual graphics that show the relevance and trend among the data. The series of graphics can rapidly detect abnormal data, monitor clinical research in real-time, make the data management process much easier and improve the clinical trial efficiency and data quality.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Data Collection ; standards ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; methods

Objective:To study the anatomical correlation between dental arch and the volume of upper airway in patients with obstruc-tive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome(OSAHS). Methods: Dental arch architecture and upper airway volume were measured by cone beam CT(CBCT) in the subjects with OSAHS(n=22) and without OSAHS(n=19). The correlation between dental arch and the supper airway volume in OSAHS patients was analyzed. Results:The length of the upper dental arch and the height of palate in OSAHS patients were larger than those of the controls(All, P<0. 05). Cross-sectional area of nasopharynx and retropalatal and the total volume of upper airway were negatively correlated with the palatal height and upper dental arch length(P<0. 05), while positively correlated with upper dental arch of molar regions(P<0. 05). Conclusion:The abnormal shape of upper dental arch is related to the airway vol-ume of nasopharynx and retropalatal region in patients with OSAHS.

Objective To explore the clinical features, surgical techniques and treatment efficacy of blood blis?ter-like aneurysms (BBA) of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Method We retrospectively reviewed 45 BBAs of the ICA treated surgically at our department between Jan. 2006 and Jan. 2016. The data was analyzed. Results Direct clipping of BBA was performed in 38 patients, clipping over wrapping in 3 patients and trapping of ICA in 4 patients. Intraoperative rupture occurred in 12 patients (27%). Postoperative cerebral infarction developed in 10 cases (22%). Seven patients died (16%). During the follow-up time of 47 months (range, 6~126 months), Good results were achieved in 34 patients (76%) with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0~2 and 4 patients were in mRS 3~5. Follow-up angiography revealed a re?currence of BBA in one patient, which was retreated with endovascular coiling. No rebleeding was found in all fol?lowed-up patients. Conclusions BBAs of the ICA are difficult to treat surgically with high risk and complications. Thoughtful pre-operative evaluation of BBA and application of various surgical strategies during operation can signifi?cantly reduce the surgical risk and achieve good outcomes.

Objective Toanalyzetheclinicalcharacteristicsandtreatmentoutcomesofspinalfilum terminalevascularmalformation.Methods Theclinicaldataof6patientswithfilumterminalevascular malformation diagnosed and treated from January 2008 to December. 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The definition of filum terminale vascular malformation is anterior/posterior spinal artery feeding arteriovenous fistula or arteriovenous malformation and located below conus medullaris,and does not complicate with spinal vascular lesions in the other part. The Aminoff & Logue score and MRI of spinal cord function were performedatoneyearaftermicroneurosurgeryand/orendovascularembolization.Results Allpatients were males. Their clinical presentations were the weakness of both lower extremities and sphincter disturbance. The mean course of disease was 17. 1 ± 5. 2 months. The pathological type of the 6 patients were all arteriovenous fistulas. The feeding arteries included lumbar artery,internal iliac artery,and median sacral artery. Two of the 6 patients underwent Onyx glue embolization,3 were treated with microneurosurgery,and 1 was treated with embolization in combination with microneurosurgery. They were all achieved anatomic cure. The Aminoff & Logue scores were improved after 1 year (3. 8 ± 1. 9 scores before procedure,2. 8 ± 2. 0 scores after procedure),there was no significant difference (P >0. 05). The myodynamia scores were improved in 3 patients,2 did not change,1 got worse. The urinary and bowel functions were improved in 2 patients,and4didnotchange.Conclusion Filumterminalevascularmalformationisararevascular malformation of spinal cord. Both embolization and surgical treatment can achieve anatomic cure. Although the spinal cord function can be only partially restored,but continuous deterioration can be prevented.

Objective To investigate the significance of androgen and estrogen receptor expression levels on aneurysm walls.Methods From November 2007 to June 2016,32 patients received craniotomy for clipping intracranial aneurysms in the West China Hospital,Sichuan University were enrolled prospectively.Nineteen intracranial aneurysm walls and 26 superficial temporal artery branches were obtained (a total of 45 qualified specimens).Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the superficial temporal artery branches and smooth muscle layer of intracranial aneurysm wall and the expression levels of estrogen receptor-α,β and androgen receptors.Image Pro Plus 6.0 software was used to analyze and detect the integral optical density values of the positive cell expression levels.The χ2 test and rank-sum test were used for statistical analysis.Results The median (M) and interquartile range (P25,P75) of the expression levels of estrogen receptor-α,β of the intracranial aneurysm walls were 3 049 (2 112,5 554) and 4 364 (2 314,5 667) respectively.They were lower than 6 544 (3 507,10 103) and 6 972 (5 694,10 024) of the superficial temporal artery branches.The expression level of androgen receptor of aneurysm wall was 3 299 (1 375,4 895),it was higher than 1 130 (794,1 922) of the superficial temporal artery branches.There was significant difference between the two groups (all P<0.05).Conclusion The decreased expression levels of estrogen receptor-α,β and the increased expression level of androgen receptor in the cerebrovascular walls may promote the progress of intracranial aneurysms,however,the specific mechanism needs further study.