Objective:To establish a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) method for determining the concentration of amlodipine besylate in human plasma and to evaluate the bioequivalence of 2 kinds of amlodipine besylate tablets.Methods: Twenty healthy male volunteers were enrolled into a single crossover study.A single dose of the suspension equivalent to 10 mg amlodipine besylate or a reference preparation was given in a crossover way.The plasma concentrations of amlodipine besylate were determined by LC-MS method in the volunteers at different time points;the pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated and the bioequivalence of the 2 preparations were evaluated.Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters for experimental and the reference preparations were: C_max(6.21?1.88) vs(6.03?1.08) ng/ml;AUC_0-120(250.68?52.61) vs(246.14?52.11) ng h/ml;T_max(6.0?2.3) vs(6.1? 2.5) h;t_1/2(40.45?6.68) vs(43.74?9.05) h,respectively.The linear range of the present method was 0.1-20.0 ng/ml;the lowest detectable concentration of amlodipine besylate was 0.1 ng/ml.There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between the 2 tablets.Conclusion: The present method is simple to use,fast,and accurate.The 2 preparations of amlodipine besylate are bioequivalent.

Objective To investigate the protective effects and mecha-nism of tetramethylpyrazine ( TMP ) on isoproterenol ( ISO ) -induced acute myocardial ischemia.Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal group ( saline 10 mg· kg -1 · d-1 ) , model group ( ISO 3 mg· kg -1 · d-1 , three times for three days ) , control group ( propranolol 0.4 mg · kg -1 · d-1 ) , different dose TMP group (60, 30, 15 mg· kg -1· d-1), 10 mice in each group.All groups were administered drugs for 7 days.Then ISO was given intraperitoneally to establish acute myocardial ischemia model.Tetrazolium chloride ( TTC ) staining was used to determine focal myocardial ischemia and hematoxylin-eosin ( HE ) staining was performed in histopathological examination.MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase ( CK -MB ) , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) levels and hydrogen peroxide ( H2 O2 ) , total an-tioxidant capacity ( T -AOC ) of serum were detected.Results TMP obviously attenuated abnormal electrocardiogram with ST -segment elevation , myocardial damage and ischemia region area in model mice.Compared with model group [ CK -MB: ( 1562.46 ± 138.92 ) U · L-1; LDH:(6973.28 ±285.50 ) U· L-1; T-AOC: ( 2.99 ±1.25 ) U · mL-1;H2 O2:( 92.52 ±11.42 ) mmol · L-1 ] , TMP group significantly decreased the levels of serum [ CK -MB:( 605.81 ±117.72 ), ( 838.67 ±159.73 ), (1264.37 ±134.17) U· L-1);LDH:(2661.79 ±229.27),(5776.16 ±331.39), (6014.59 ±291.56) U· L-1);H2O2:(31.98 ±7.38), (67.06 ±18.43), (86.62 ±13.41) mmol· L-1] and increased T-AOC [(7.54 ±2.51), (5.80 ±2.53 ) , (4.93 ±2.21 ) U · mL-1 ] levels of myocardial ischemia mice ( P <0.05 or P <0.01 ) . Conclusion TMP would alleviate Iso-induced acute myocardial ischemia , which may be associated with the decrease of cardiac enzymes and its protective effects against oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the effect of olfactory entheath cells (OECs) transplantation on neural function and synaptic density of rats with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and the possible mechanism. Methods Rats were divided into sham operation group, TBI group and OECs engrafted group. The brains of the rats were injured by Feeney percussion device through free falling. After cultured and identified by using specific marker (known as P75), OECs were transplanted into the area around the injured brain. Cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP) and motor evoked potential ( MEP) were evaluated at day 14 after cell transplantation to determine the neurophysiologic function following TBI. Moreover, the synaptic densities around the injured brain were determined by using immunohistochemical method. One-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. Results The transplanted OECs could survive and migrate around the injury site in the host brain 14 days after OECs transplantation. In addition, rats subjected to OECs implantation showed a marked neurophysiologic improvement and a significant increase of synaptic densities compared with the control group. Conclusion OECs transplantation can improve the neurophysiologic function and increase the synaptic density, which provides experimental basis for treatment of TBI with OECs.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical efficacy between the combined acupuncture therapy of acupoint injection and fire needling and the oral administration of vitamin C and B2 as well as subcutaneous injection of transfer factor.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-eight patients of recurrent oral ulcer (ROU) differentiated as heat accumulation in the heart and spleen were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 79 cases in each, one. In the observation group, Xinshu (BL 15), Pishu (BL 20) and Zusanli (ST 36) were selected for acupoint injection of shuang huanglian injection, 1 mL at each point, three times a week, for 2 weeks totally. Additionally, fire needling was applied to the ulcer lesion and peripheral mucosa, once a day, totally for 3 times. In the control group, vitamin C 100 mg and vitamin B2 20 mg were prescribed for oral administration, three times a day; and subcutaneous injection of transfer factor was applied, 2 mL (3 mg), twice a week, for 2 weeks totally. The score of symptoms and physical signs and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were observed before and after treatment, as well as the time of ulcer healing and ulcer recurrence in the patients of the two groups. The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 92.4% (73/79) in the observation group, better than 77.2% (61/79) in the control group (P < 0.01). The differences in the score of symptoms and physical signs and VAS score before and after treatment were significant statistically in the observation group and the control group (all P < 0.01). The score of symptoms and physical signs and VAS score after treatment in the observation group were reduced significantly as compared with those in the control group (both P < 0.01). The time of ulcer healing in the observation group was earlier than that in the control group [(3.87 +/- 1.01) d vs. (6.22 +/- 0.53) d, P < 0.01]. The recurrence rate in the observation was lower than that in the control group [22.7% (17/75) vs. 50.0% (36/72), P < 0.01].

CONCLUSIONThe combined therapy of acupoint injection and fire needling achieves the better efficacy on ROU compared with oral administration of vitamin and subcutaneous injection of transfer factor. This therapy has the good and quick effect of analgesia, relieves the relevant symptoms, shortens the time of ulcer healing and reduces the recurrence rate.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oral Ulcer ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Spleen ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective Small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) is a common and serious problem after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) of small grafts.To prevent SFSS by selecting large enough graft,enlarging outflow tract,and controlling the portal vein pressure and flow during LDLT.Methods 113 adult LDLT recipients were reviewed from Dec.1,2007 to Nov.30,2009.Enlarging the portal outflow tract by the incision of the anterior rim of the orifice of the right hepatic vein (RHV),modificating graft inflow,and selecting large enough graft were done to prevent SFSS.The relationship between the patients' GRWR,portal vein flow,portal vein pressure and the occurrence of SFSS was analyzed.Results All patients received the outflow orifice modification.The portal vein pressure and the portal vein flow were decreased after spleen artery ligation.No SFSS ocurred.Conclusion Selecting large enough liver graft,and enlarging portal vein inflow and outflow were safe for the LDLT recipients,and can effectively prevent SFSS.

A rapid LAMP detection method with primers designed on genus-specific region identified in the gyrA gene was established in this assay. All four Campylobacter jejuni from different sources were detected positive and fourteen non Campylobacter bacteria were negative, which shows excellent specificity of the primers. Compared with plate count and PCR method, the LAMP method and the PCR method had equal sensitivity, which were three orders of magnitude higher than plate count. In this assay, we also found out that the treatment of DNase could reduce the dead bacteria DNA effectively. The LAMP detection on chicken indicated relatively good result on detection of Campylobacter jejuni combining with treatment of DNase.

Objective To induce mouse embryonic stem(ES)cells to differentiate into insulin-secreting cells by means of a 5-step model system.Methods E14.1 mouse ES cells were cultured in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF)for 2 days(step 1),then the cells were cultured in hanging drops to form embryonic bodies(EBs)and the resulting EBs were cultured in suspension for 6 days in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor bFGF(step 2).Subsequently the EBs were cultured in the medium containing glucagon- like peptide 1(GLP-1),hepatocyte growth factor(HGF),nerve growth factor(NGF)and nicotinamide for 10 days(step 3).After that,the EBs were dissociated into single cells,and the cells were cultured in monolayer in the presence of GLP-1,betacellulin,activin A,bFGF and nicotinamide for 10 days(step 4).Finally,the cells were cultured in low-glucose medium containing nicotinamide for 4 days(step 5).Insulin and some other islet- related genes expressions were investigated using RT-PCR and insulin expression was also investigated by DTZ- staining and immunohistochemistry.The percentage of insulin-secreting cells was evaluated by flowcytometry and insulin concentrations were measured by RIA.Results mRNA expression of insulin became visible at step 3 and more evident at step 5.Additionally,at step 5,mRNAs of glucagon,somatostatin,pancreatic polypeptide(PP), pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1(PDX-1),beta-cell E box transactivator 2(Beta2)and neurogenin 3(Ngn3) were detected.DTZ-staining positive cells and insulin immunohistochemical staining positive cells were observed. The percentage of insulin-positive cells was(24.0?2.5)%(n=6).In the presence of 5.6 mmol/L and 25 mmol/L glucose,insulin concentrations were(0.05?0.01)?g/L and(0.13?0.02)?g/L respectively(n= 6).Conclusion E14.1 mouse ES cells can be induced to differentiate into insulin-secreting cells by the 5-step model system.Insulin-secreting cells can release insulin into culture medium when treated with glucose,and insulin concentrations increase with rising concentration of glucose.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics of pathological fracture in extremities caused by bone tumors or tumor-like lesions. MethodsFrom August 2002 to December 2010, 139 patients with pathological fractures were entered in the study, including 79 males and 60 females with an average age of 31.1 years. Fractures included tumor-like lesion in 55 cases, benign tumor in 13, giant cell tumor (GCT)in 7, primary malignant tumors in 28, and metastatic tumors in 36. Forces induced to fractures were classified into four grades: spontaneous fracture, functional activity, minor injury, severe injury. Age, fracture location, histological results, fractures forces, prodromes, and misdiagnosis were all observed. Chi-square test were use to compare forces and prodromes within different tumors. ResultsThe highest morbidity rate is 32.4％(45/139) which lies in 11-20 years old. The cites of fractures including femurs in 71 cases, humerus in 36, tibia in 15, fingers in 7, radiuses in 4, fibula in 3, ulnas in 2, and metatarsus in 1. Fracture forces include spontaneous fractures in 29 cases, functional activity in 42, minor injuries in 65, and traumatic injuries in 3. Sixty-seven patients(48.2％) had local prodromes. The prodromes of both malignant tumors and metastatic tumors were more than benign tumors. Twenty cases experienced misdiagnosis with average delay time of 12 weeks. ConclusionMinor injury forces and local prodromes are clinical key features of pathological fractures. Both of them are key points of avoiding misdiagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo introduce the location and course of S1, S2 sacral nerve root tunnel and to clarify the significance of the anterior aspect of sacral nerve root tunnel on placement of iliosacral screw on the standard lateral sacral view.

METHODSFirstly the data of 2.0 mm slice pelvic axial CT images were imported into Mimics 10.0, and the sacrum, innominate bones, and sacral nerve root tunnels were reconstructed into 3D views respectively, which were rotated to the standard lateral sacral views, pelvic outlet and inlet views. Then the location and course of the S1, S2 sacral nerve root tunnel on each view were observed.

RESULTSThe sacral nerve root tunnel started from the cranial end and anterior aspect of the vertebral canal of the same segment and ended up to the anterior sacral foramen with a direction from cranial-posterior-medial to caudal-anterior-lateral. The tunnel had a lower density than the iliac cortex and greater sciatic notch on the pelvic X-rays,especially on the standard sacral lateral view, on which it showed up as a disrupted are line and required more careful recognition.

CONCLUSIONIt can prevent the iliosacral screw from penetrating the sacral nerve root tunnel and vertebral canal when recognizing the anterior aspect of sacral nerve root tunnel and choosing it as the caudal-posterior boundary of the "safe zone" on the standard lateral sacral view.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; innervation ; surgery ; Radiography ; Sacrococcygeal Region ; diagnostic imaging ; innervation ; surgery ; Sacrum ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; innervation ; surgery ; Spinal Nerve Roots ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo seek for an effective therapy for abducent paralysis.

METHODSSeventy-six cases of abducent paralysis were randomly divided into an acupoint-injection group and a western medicine group. The acupoint-injection group were treated by point-injection therapy, with Jingming (BL 1), Yangbai (GB 14), Sibai (ST 2), Tongziliao (GB 1) on the affected side, and bilateral Ganshu (BL 18) used as basic points and compound Danggui Injection as the principal injected medicine, and in combination with corresponding acupoints and injected medicine according to different syndrome types. The western medicine group were treated with routine western medicine therapy. After treatment for 36 days, the therapeutic effects were recorded and analyzed statistically.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 94.7% in the acupoint-injection group and 76.3% in the western medicine group with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05); there was a significant difference between the two groups in eyeball moving rate and restoration of cateral rectus (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONChinese drug acupoint-injection therapy has a definite therapeutic effect on acquired abducent paralysis, which is better than that of routine western medicine.

Abducens Nerve ; Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmoplegia ; therapy