Resveratrol, as a natural polyphenolic compound, has a wide range of beneficial effects, which includes anti-tumor, cardiovascular protection, anti-oxidant and estrogen-like effects, and so on. Its various physiological properties are closely related to the therapeutic principle for prevention and treatment of high altitude hypoxia injury. Resveratrol may play an important role in relieving or curing high altitude diseases, especially high altitude polycythemia(HAPC). However, the literature about study and application of resveratrol in plateau medicine field is rarely reported up to now. In this review, we summarized the physiological effects of resveratrol, discussed the possible main principle of resveratrol for HAPC therapy, and looked forward to resveratrol's perspective or potential application in high altitude medicine.
Altitude ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; drug therapy ; Polycythemia ; drug therapy ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology

Human xanthine oxidase is considered to be a target for therapy of hyperuricemia. Cichorium intybus is a Chinese plant medicine which widely used in Xinjiang against various diseases. In order to screen the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from C. intybus and to explore main pharmacological actions of cichory a compound collection of C. intybus was built via consulting related references about chemical research on cichory. The three-dimensional crystal structure of xanthine oxidase (PDB code: 1N5X) from Protein Data Bank was downloaded.. Autodock 4.2 was employed to screen the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from cichory 70 compounds were found to possess quite low binding free energy comparing with TEI (febuxostat). C. intybus contains constituents possessing potential inhibitive activity against xanthine oxidase. It can explain the main pharmacological actions of cichory which can significantly lower the level of serum uric acid.
Chicory ; chemistry ; Databases, Protein ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Structure ; Xanthine Oxidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

Background In recent years,with the contiunous progress of the refractive surgery,the operation skill of phakic intraocular lens(PIOL)implantation for correcting extreme high myopia,astigmatism,farsightedness have made greater progression,and its security,effectiveness in clinical attract much more attention. Objective This study was to evaluate the efficacy,safety and stability of Toric Implantable Collamer Lens(TICL)for extreme high myopic astigmatism. Methods This retrospective case series included 33 eyes of 27 patients from May 2008 to February 2009.A TICL was intraocularly implanted via a 3 mm clear corneal incision after paraocular anesthesia.Patients were examined preoperatively and followed-up at 1 day,1 week,1 month,3,6,12 and 18 months postoperatively.The examinations included uncorrected visual acuity,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),slit lamp examination,refraction,intraocular pressure,endothelial cell morphometry,etc.The written informed consent was obtained from each patient before any medical procedure. Results The uncorrected visual acuity in 96.97% eyes was equal or improved after operation in comparison with BCVA of preoperation.The spherical refraction was within-1.00 D-+0.25 D.The cylinder refraction was within-1.00 D-0 D.The axial deviation of TICL within 10 degree was 93.94%(31/33).No significant differences were found in the intraocular pressure and endothelial cell morphometry between preoperation and postoperation(intraocular pressure:F=3.35,P=5.49;endothelial cell morphometry:t=1.835,P=0.082).The visual acuity and refraction were stable during the follow-up.Astigmatic axial rotation required surgical intervention on one eye.One eye occurred high intraocular pressure because of bigger TICL diameter.The intraocular pressure returned to normal after TICL was exchanged.No cataract occurred during the follow-up duration. Conclusion TICL implantation appears to be an effective,safe and reliable method for extreme high myopic astigmatism.

Adolescent ; Altitude ; Brain ; drug effects ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Tablets

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of simple hypobaric hypoxia on parameters of hematology and blood rheology in order to establish a rat model of simulated high altitude polycythemia (HAPC) for the study of pathophysiologic mechanisms and medical prevention and treatment of HAPC.

METHODSForty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three normal control groups and three hypoxia model groups. Normal control group rats were bred in normoxia conditions, and hypoxia group rats were subjected to hypoxic exposure for 8 hours per day at simulated 5 500 m high altitude in a hypobaric chamber. After hypoxic exposure for 2, 4, 12 weeks, one group of normal control and hypoxia model rats were killed and blood was collected, respectively. Then parameters of erythrocyte and blood rheology were examined.

RESULTSMucous membrane of hypoxia model rats showed obviously cyanosis after 2 weeks hypoxic exposure. Hemoglobin concentration of hypoxia model rats were beyond 210 g/L after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks hypoxia exposure and significantly increased than that of normal control rats respectively. Besides, RBC counts, hematocrit, whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index of hypoxia model rats were all notably higher than those of normal control rats respectively.

CONCLUSIONA rat model of high altitude polycythemia can be rapidly established by hypobaric hypoxia exposure at simulated 5 500 m high altitude for 8 hours daily.

Altitude ; Altitude Sickness ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocyte Count ; Hematocrit ; Hypoxia ; Male ; Polycythemia ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Altitude ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption

OBJECTIVETo investigate the oral health status of undergraduate university students and to guide their oral hygiene behaviors.

METHODS3516 college students in Northwest University for Nationalities were investigated in this study according to the criterion issued by World Health Organization (WHO) on the basic methods of oral health investigation in 1997.

RESULTSThe caries prevalence rate among the students investigated was 47.87%. The average decayed teeth were 1.29. The obturation rate of caries was 20.42%. The students came from city showed significant higher caries rate than those from countryside, and so did the female students compared with the male students. Dental calculus rate was 79.78%. The dental segments related were 3.75. The worst situation was among male students and students from countryside. The examined rates were 53.30% of crowded incisor, 42.58% of maximum upper-incisor anomaly, 50.60% of the maximum lower-incisor anomaly and 31.09% of molar malposition, respectively. More rates of dentofacial anomalies showed no differences of significance between different area and gender.

CONCLUSIONIn general, the oral health status of the college students are not ideal. It is necessary to advocate early examination, early prevention and early treatment among the students in university.

DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Prevalence ; Students ; Universities

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiology of dental caries and its correlated factors of 12-year-old children in Dongxiang, Baoan and Yugu races.

METHODSAccording to the method of third national oral health epidemiologic investigation, 448 12-year-old children in Dongxiang, Baoan and Yugu races were randomly collected and the epidemiological investigation of dental caries, oral bacteriological detection and oral hygiene behavior were carried out.

RESULTS1) The caries prevalence rate of Dongxiang, Baoan and Yugu races were 40.52%, 44.29%, 46.45%, respectively. The average caries of Dongxiang, Baoan and Yugu races were 0.92, 0.90, 1.13, respectively. 2) The main ranks of Streptococcus mutans in saliva were class 2 and class 3 in Dongxiang and Baoan races. However, it was class 0 or class 1 in Yugu race. The level of Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque was higher in Dongxiang and Baoan races than in Yugu race. 3) The children's everyday brushing rate was higher in Yugu race than in Dongxiang and Baoan races (P<0.01). But there were no difference between Dongxiang and Baoan races.

CONCLUSIONThe caries prevalence rates of 12-year-old children in Dongxiang, Baoan and Yugu races are high. The main factors of high caries prevalence rate were low brushing rate and dental plaque couldn't be removed effectively. Oral health education should be strengthened in the three race areas.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; China ; Dental Caries ; Dental Plaque ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oral Hygiene ; Prevalence ; Saliva ; Streptococcus mutans

OBJECTIVETo assess the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on patients with acute lung injury (ALI), to observe the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the peripheral monocytes of ALI patients and changes of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and to investigate the mechanism of TLR4 in ALI.

METHODSForty-five patients with ALI were randomly divided into penehyclidine hydrochloride treatment group (P group, n equal to 21) and conventional treatment group (control group, C group, n equal to 24). Patients in both groups received conventional treatment, including active treatment of the primary disease, respiratory support, nutritional support and fluid management therapy, while those in P group were given penehyclidine hydrochloride (1 mg, im, q. 12 h) in addition. The TLR4 expression of 20 healthy volunteers were detected. The clinical effect, average length of stay in ICU and hospital, values of PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2, expression of TLR4 on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and some serum cytokines were evaluated for 48 h.

RESULTSThe general conditions of the two groups were improved gradually and PaO2 increased progressively. Compared with 0 h, PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after treatment were significantly increased (P less than 0.05). The improvement in P group was obviously greater than that in C group (P less than 0.05). The average length of hospitalization showed no difference between the two groups, but penehyclidine hydrochloride significantly decreased the average length of stay in ICU (t equal to 3.485, P less than 0.01). The expression of TLR4 in two groups were both obviously higher than that of healthy volunteers (P less than 0.01). It decreased significantly at 24 h (t equal to 2.032, P less than 0.05) and 48 h (t equal to 3.620, P less than 0.01) and was lower in P group than in C group. The patients who showed a higher level of TLR4 expression in early stage had a worse prognosis and most of them developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The incidence of ARDS was 23.8% in P group and 29.17% in C group at 24 h. Untill 48 h, there were other two patients developing ARDS in control group. Serum IL-1, IL-8 and TNF-alpha expressions reduced after 24 h in both groups. The reduction in P group was more obvious than that in C group (P less than 0.05). IL-13 increased gradually from 0 h to 24 h, and decreased slightly at 48 h, which showed no difference between two groups (t equal to 1.028, P larger than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPenehyclidine hydrochloride improves the arterial oxygen pressure, down-regulates the expression of TLR4 and restrains the inflammatory cytokines in the downstream of TLR4 signaling pathway. It prevents the development of ALI and can be considered as an important drug in ALI treatment.

Acute Lung Injury ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Cytokines ; blood ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Humans ; Oxygen ; blood ; Prognosis ; Quinuclidines ; therapeutic use ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; physiology

BACKGROUNDIndoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is proven to suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific immune response and depletion of IDO may be a useful approach for HBV therapy. To test this concept, we constructed recombinant adenovirus with human IDO and HBV preS, which would form the basis for future in vivo experiments.

METHODSThe fragment of human IDO and HBV preS cDNA were subcloned into multiple cloning sites in an adenoviral vector system containing two cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoters. Recombination was conducted in the Escherichia coli BJ5183. The recombinant adenovirus containing hIDO gene and HBVpreS gene was packaged and amplified in 293 cells. Integration was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction as well as the quantification of viral titers. HepG2 cells were infected with the recombinant adenovirus and mRNA and protein specific for hIDO and HBVpreS was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.

RESULTSThe recombinant adenovirus was produced successfully. Its titer was 2.5 × 10(9) efu/ml. IDO and HBVpreS mRNA as well as the encoded proteins could be found in transfected HepG2 cells, but not in control HepG2 cells.

CONCLUSIONThe transfer of hIDO-HBVpreS with double-promoter adenoviral vector was efficient. The recombinant adenovirus with hIDO and HBV preS would provide the experimental basis for future studies.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Cloning, Organism ; Genetic Vectors ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic