Abstract: Objective　The main aim of the study is to sequence the complete genome of two Getah virus strains (GS11-155 and HNDZ1712-1) isolated in Gansu Province and Hainan Province in 2011 and 2017 respectively and analyze the molecular and genetic evolution of the two strains compared with M1, which was first isolated in 1964 in Hainan Province, China. Methods　Genome of two newly isolated Getah viruses were sequenced by virus gene amplification technique, and the genomic database of Getah viruses was established. The molecular characteristics and genetic evolution of the viruses were analyzed by bioinformatics software. Results　The genome length of two new isolated Getah virus strains (GS11-155 and HNDZ1712-1) was 11 690 nt and 11 621 nt, respectively. Both strains had the structural characteristics of Alphavirus genome. Although the nucleotide sequence lengths of structural genes, non-structural genes and non-coding junction regions of the two strains were identical, the nucleotide sequence lengths of the 5' and 3' non-coding regions of the viral genomes were a few different. The 3'UTR repeats elements in the genomes of the two virus strains did not change. It was 97.7% and 98.1% different of nucleotide and amino acid homology between both strains of Getah virus, HNDZ1712-1 isolated in 2017 and M1 isolated in 1964 in Hainan Province. Interesting, Gansu 2011 cluster and Hainan 2017 cluster were emerged leading by both strains GS11-155 and HNDZ1712-1 respectively, those two clusters totally independent with M1 virus isolated from Hainan in 1964 in whole genome phylogenetic analysis first. Conclusions　Although the HNDZ1712-1 was also isolated from mosquito samples in Hainan Province, it was in a completely different evolutionary branch from the M1 isolated from Hainan Island in 1964, and was closely related to the strain isolated from Gansu Province (GS11-155) thousands of kilometers away. It is suggested that the two new strains of Getah virus are different from the Getah virus isolated in 1964.

A comparable study were carried out by determination of trace elements on five marine-derived shell traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) (Ostreae Concha, Haliotidis Concha, Margaritifera Concha, Meretricis Concha, and Arcae Concha), which were recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 version). Seven trace elements in 51 batches of this type of shell TCM were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), combined with principal component analysis (PCA) methods. The content of element Se, which exhibited significant differences among different drugs, could be used as a key element to distinguish this type of drugs. Meanwhile, the contents of elements Co, Cu, Mo, and Ba in Haliotidis Concha, Co and As in Margaritifera Concha, Mo and As in Meretricis Concha, Mo, As, and Ba in Arcae Concha, and Zn in Meretricis Concha were relatively stable. In the PCA plot, Arcae Concha and Meretricis Concha could be efficiently distinguished from Ostreae Concha together with Haliotidis Concha, and Margaritifera Concha. The results also showed a correlation with their medicinal function. In conclusion, trace elements in marine-derived shell TCM could not be neglected for their quality control.
Animal Shells ; chemistry ; Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; chemistry ; Bivalvia ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Trace Elements ; analysis

Objective To investigate the mechanism of antioxygen reaction of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in renal tubular epithelial cells of rats with oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Methods Cultured cells were divided into control group, H2O2 group and EGCG group. Cell survival was observed with MTT. The expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and -γ-GCS mRNA in cultured cells were examined by real time quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detecte the expressions of Nrf2 and γ-GCS protein. Results The survival rate of tubular cells was 97. 61 ± 6.33 in control group. There was a significant decrease in H2 O2 group (56. 38 ± 5.57) (P < 0.01), while increased when the EGCG concentration were 5,10,20 mg/L(77.42 ±5.31,83.27 ±5.94,90.24 ±5.72) (P <0.05,P <0.01). EGCG up-regulated the expressions of Nrf2 and γ-GCS mRNA and protein in renal tubular epithelial cells with dose depen-dentment. Conclusion The expressions of Nrf2 and-γ-GCS increase in renal tubular epithelial cells with oxidative stress. Resulting from suppression of oxidative stress,EGCG exerts protective effect on NRK,and this antioxidative effect may be partly induced by activating the Nrf2 signal pathway.

ObjectiveThis study evaluates the feasibility of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to treat patients with 1 -5 brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods 30 IMRT patients with brain metastases for NSCLC studied retrospectively.Whole brain radiotherapy plus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (WBRT + 3DCRT) and WBRT plus stereotactic radiotherapy ( WBRT + SRT) plans were generated.Planning target volume ( PTV ) and organs at risk dose were measured and compared by dose volume histogram.Differences were analyzed in the three techniques by Wilcoxon Z -test.Results D99％ of the shoulder ( D99％-D90％ ) from IMRT were higher than from WBRT +3DCRT and WBRT+SRT in all cases.From D15％ of slope (D90％-D10％) to D5％ of tail (D10％ -D1％ ),IMRT were lower than WBRT + 3DCRT and WBRT + SRT ( Z =- 4.72,P =0.000 and Z =- 4.72,P =0.000).D10％ and D5％ of IMRT were (35.1 ±1.42) Gy and (37.7 ±2.91) Gy,WBRT +3DCRT were (36.5±2.86) Gy and ( 39.1 ± 3.56) Gy ;WBRT + SRT were (36.2 ± 2.57) Gy and ( 38.7 ± 3.67) Gy.IMRT vs WBRT+ 3DCRT and WBRT + SRT were significant ( Z=-3.18,-3.18,P=0.001,0.001 and Z=- 4.11,- 3.02,P =0.000,0.002) in 13 patients with 3 - 5 brain metastases.The total mean monitor units were 14756.3,9614.8 and 9043.2 for IMRT,WBRT +3DCRT and WBRT + SRT plans,respectively,with a 38.7％ reduction from IMRT to WBRT + SRT (Z =-4.78,-4.78,P =0.000,0.000).The brain doses around metastases were similar in the three techniques with 1 -2 metastases,but IMRT was the best with 3 -5 metastases.ConclusionsIMRT can advance brain metastases dose and improve the planning target minimum dose and spare the dose around brain metastases.Only IMRT is the best choice for just sparing the dose around brain metastases among 3 -5 brain metastases.

OBJECTIVETo obtain the exposure-response functions that could be used in health-based risk assessment of particulate air pollution in China.

METHODSMeta analysis was conducted on the literatures on air particulate matter and its adverse health outcomes in China and worldwide.

RESULTSFor each health outcome from morbidity to mortality changes, the relative risks were estimated when the concentration of air particulate matter increased to some certain units.

CONCLUSIONThe exposure-response functions recommended here can be further applied to health risk assessment of air particulate matter in China.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Air Pollutants ; adverse effects ; toxicity ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Bronchitis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Child ; China ; Dust ; Environmental Exposure ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Mortality ; Particle Size ; Risk ; Risk Assessment

Forecasting ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; prevention & control ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Risk Adjustment ; trends

Acetaldehyde ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats

Objective To investigate some improvements in the surgical techniques of adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation( A-A LDLT) without the middle hepatic vein(MHV) for hepat-ic vein reconstruction. Methods The retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 11 recipi-ents who underwent the operation in A-A LDLT including the hepatic vein reconstructed in right liver lobe without MHV from June 2007 to January 2008. The key techniques included reconstructing out-flow of graft on shaping the tips of vena cava and right hepatic veins, cadaveric vein allografts stored in 4℃ UW solution within 7d being used for significant-sized hepatic vein reconstruction such as tributa-ries of the middle hepatic vein from V5, V8 and right inferior hepatic vein. Results 10 cases success-fully underwent reconstruction of outflow of graft on shaping the tips of vena cava and right hepatic veins and the outflow reconstruction ratio of V5, V8 and right inferior hepatic vein was 81. 8% (9/11), 7 one-vein reconstruction, 1 two-vein reconstruction and 1 three-vein reconstruction. 1 recipient died of renal failure and pulmonary infection 14 days after operation without venous outflow obstruc-tion. Doppler ultrasonography showed no thrombosis and the blood flowed smoothly in the right he-patic vein of other 8 recipients during the 9th to 15th mouth of follow-up. The cumulative patency rates of these 8 survivals for interposition vein grafts were 100% (11/11), 72. 7 %(8/11), 54. 5%(6/11) and 36. 5%(4/11) in 1, 3, 6 and 9 mouths, respectively. The regeneration of paramedian sectors was equivalent. Conclusion Shaping the tips of vena cava and right hepatic veins and using cadaveric vein allografts in adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation for hepatic vein reconstruc-tion are both safe,simple and effective methods.This approach can be recommended.

OBJECTIVETo isolate and culture mesenchymal stem cells ( MSC) from different sources and to investigate the chemotactic effects of burn rat serum on MSC derived from different sources.

METHODSSeventy-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into burn( n = 36, with 30% TBSA full-thickness burns on the back) and sham burn (n = 36, without burns) groups. Bone marrow and peripheral blood of the rats in both groups were collected to isolate and culture MSC. Ratio of MSC, growth speed and cell morphology were observed with inverted microscope. Effects of different serum ( fetal bovine serum, normal rat serum and burn rat serum) on chemotaxis of MSC derived from different sources and their migration ability were subsequently examined with a transwell system. Results MSC were obtained from bone marrow of the rats in both groups. MSC were successfully obtained from bone marrow of all burn rats(100% , P <0.05) , but only from peripheral blood of 7 burn rat(58% ) , and no MSCs were obtained from peripheral blood of 12 rats in sham group( P <0.05). There was small amount of adherent cells 24 hrs after culture, and fusiform shaped adherent cells were sporadically observed in scattered distribution 2-3 days later with inverted microscope. There was no obvious difference in the cell morphology between the 2 groups. In the sham group, the number of MSC migrating to the lower surface of transwell after burn serum treatment [ (94 Il ) cells/ high power field] was significantly greater than that after the treatment with normal rat serum and fetal bovine serum [ (37 +/- 6) , (38 +/- 11) cells/high power field , P <0.01 ] , while no difference in migration ability was found after normal serum treatment compared with that after fetal bovine serum treatment ( P >0. 05). The migration rate of MSCs which were derived from bone marrow in sham group was obviously lower than those derived from bone marrow and peripheral blood from burn rats ( P <0. 05 or 0. 01). Though some difference of the migration ability existed between MSC derived from bone marrow and peripheral blood, there was no statistically significant difference ( P >0. 05).

CONCLUSIONMSC can be isolated and cultured from bone marrow and peripheral blood of burn rat, but not from peripheral blood of normal rat. Burn rat serum has a stronger chemotactic effect on MSC. Moreover, the migration ability of MSC derived from burn rat is stronger than that of MSC derived from normal rat.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Burns ; blood ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemotaxis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Serum

OBJECTIVETo investigate the transdifferentiation of the ADSCs to epidermal cells.

METHODSADSCs were isolated and cultured from rat adipose tissue by digestion of enzyme. ADSCs was identified by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. ADSCs were divided into four groups in order to induce: the condition medium (containing 30% superior of homogenizing rat skin in 10% FBS/DMEM) group, 7 days; 10% FBS/DMEM with EGF (20 ng/ml) group, 7 days; the condition medium for 4 days and then 10% FBS/DEME instead of the condition medium for 3 days group; 10% FBS/DMEM for 7 days group (control group). Cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 10 expressions in ADSCs were detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTS(1) The results of immunocytochemistry showed that ADSCs were positive for CD49d and negative for CD106, CD34, CD19, CD10. The results of flow cytometry showed ADSCs were positive for CD49d and CD44. (2) The CK19 expression of ADSCs was 45.32% in the condition medium group, 26.58% in the condition medium with EGF group, 23.37% in te condition medium for 4 days and then 10% FBS/DMEM instead of the condition medium for 3 days gropu and 18.53% in control group, P <0.01. The CK10 expression of ADSCs was 43.56% in the condition medium group, 25.54% in the condition medium with EGF group, 18.20% in the condition medium for 4 days and then 10% FBS/DMEM instead of the condition medium for 3 days group and 2.46% in control group, P < 0.01.

CONCLUSIONSThe superior of homogenizing rat skin can induce CK19 and CK10 expressing in ADSCs, and thereby demonstrating ADSCs can differentiate to epidermal cell phenotype in vitro.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Animals ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Keratin-19 ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cells ; cytology