Aim Poly (methoxypolyethyleneglycol cyanoacrylate-co-hexadecyl cyanoacrylate) (PEGPHDCA) and PHDCA niosomes were prepared and the influence of the PEG chain length on the niosomes physicochemical characteristics, complement consumption and phagocytic uptake were studied. Methods The physicochemical parameters of PEG-PHDCA niosomes were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, surface PEG density and fixed aqueous layer thickness. The relationship between physicochemical characteristics and in vitro complement consumption and phagocytic uptake was further illustrated. Results Experimental results showed that PEG10000-PHDCA had most loose structure and least PEG surface density among three groups. Configuration simulation through fixed aqueous layer thickness confirmed that PEG folding and less flexibility of the PEG chains of PEG10000-PHDCA niosomes were accountable for its poor stealth effects. Compared with PEG2000-PHDCA, PEG5000-PHDCA showed a thicker fixed aqueous layer (FALT) of 4. 20 nm, less negative zeta potential of -10.03 mV, and consumption and phagocytic uptake. Conclusion Excessive chain length of PEG was not necessary for stealth effects of PEG-PHDCA niosomes. PEG5000-PHDCA niosomes had best effects on evading complement consumption and subsequent phagocytic uptake.

Abstract: Objective　The main aim of the study is to sequence the complete genome of two Getah virus strains (GS11-155 and HNDZ1712-1) isolated in Gansu Province and Hainan Province in 2011 and 2017 respectively and analyze the molecular and genetic evolution of the two strains compared with M1, which was first isolated in 1964 in Hainan Province, China. Methods　Genome of two newly isolated Getah viruses were sequenced by virus gene amplification technique, and the genomic database of Getah viruses was established. The molecular characteristics and genetic evolution of the viruses were analyzed by bioinformatics software. Results　The genome length of two new isolated Getah virus strains (GS11-155 and HNDZ1712-1) was 11 690 nt and 11 621 nt, respectively. Both strains had the structural characteristics of Alphavirus genome. Although the nucleotide sequence lengths of structural genes, non-structural genes and non-coding junction regions of the two strains were identical, the nucleotide sequence lengths of the 5' and 3' non-coding regions of the viral genomes were a few different. The 3'UTR repeats elements in the genomes of the two virus strains did not change. It was 97.7% and 98.1% different of nucleotide and amino acid homology between both strains of Getah virus, HNDZ1712-1 isolated in 2017 and M1 isolated in 1964 in Hainan Province. Interesting, Gansu 2011 cluster and Hainan 2017 cluster were emerged leading by both strains GS11-155 and HNDZ1712-1 respectively, those two clusters totally independent with M1 virus isolated from Hainan in 1964 in whole genome phylogenetic analysis first. Conclusions　Although the HNDZ1712-1 was also isolated from mosquito samples in Hainan Province, it was in a completely different evolutionary branch from the M1 isolated from Hainan Island in 1964, and was closely related to the strain isolated from Gansu Province (GS11-155) thousands of kilometers away. It is suggested that the two new strains of Getah virus are different from the Getah virus isolated in 1964.

Objective: To discuss the effect of intensive insulin therapy on D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase level in patients with sepsis.Methods: 48 patients was divided into control group and conventional group randomly.Content of D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase in serum was detected with absorption spectrometry before and after therapy.Result: D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase in patients decreased significantly in control group compared to that of conventional group.Conclusion: Insulin can depress interstinal permeability and ameliorate sepsis symptom resulted from bacterial translocation from intestine.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of internal septation for differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions.Methods A total of 26 patients were included in the study,in which 12 patients had 20 lesions of breast carcinoma and 14 patients had 25 lesions of fibroadenoma diagnosed either pathologically or clinically.The differential diagnoistic value of the hypointensive internal septation was analyzed.Results The signal intensity of fibroadenomas and malignant lesions on T_2-weighted fat- suppressed images could be classified as iso- to hyper- intensity,hypointensity and mixed intensity. According to the signal intensity classification,there were 5,11 and 4 cases in patients with breast carcinoma respectively,while 11,10,4 cases in patients with fibroadenoma respectively.There was no statistical difference in the distribution between the two patient groups(?~2=1.764,P=0.414).The shape of fibroadenomas and malignant lesions could be classified as irregular、roundish or lobulated.According to the morphological classification,there were 12,7 and 1 case in patients with breast carcinoma respectively, while 1,7,17 cases in patients with fibroadenoma respectively.There was statistical difference in the distribution between the two patient groups(?~2=23.262,P=0.000).The typical features of fibroadenomas were as follows:lobulated shape,hypointensive internal septations on T_2-weighted or postcontrast images. The diagnostic sensitivity of the three imaging features for fibroadenoma was 68%(17/25),52%(13/25), and 72%(18/25)respectively;and the diagnostic specificity was 95%(19/20),90%(18/20),95% (19/20)respectively.Conclusion The internal septation is a rather specific sign for diagnosis of fibroadenomas.

Objective To investigate the value of double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCEUS) in combination with three-dimension (3D) contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of benign or malignant gastric ulceration. Methods A total of 47 patients with gastric lesions were enrolled in this study. All have the pathological results, 22 of them were benign ulceration and 25 were malignant. All patients underwent DCEUS and 3D contrast-enhanced ultrasound. On the basis of oral contrast-enhanced ultrasound agents, intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound agents were given at the same time. Images and data were recorded. The arrival time (AT), time to peak (TTP), infusion time (IT), baseline intensity (BI), peak intensity (PI) and enhanced intensity (EI) were calculated using the time-intensity curve (TIC). Results All benign ulcerations were imaged as small pits with slight thicken of gastric wall [(8.66±2.87) mm] using DCEUS,while malignant lesions were relatively large irregular-shape, unevenly-bottom pits with significant thicken of gastric wall [(13.98±3.63)~(20.83±3.69) mm]. 3D-DCEUS images were analyzed for gastric mucosal folds, ulceration lesions, as well as local vascularity. All ulceration lesions showed broken of gastric mucosal folds, and malignant lesion showed thickness of gastric wall as“crater”, with rich and irregular vascularity. There were no statistical differences between benign gastric ulcerations and adjacent normal gastric wall (P>0.05). Malignant gastric ulceration were compared with adjacent normal gastric wall tissue, TTP, IT and BI had no statistical differences (P>0.05), while AT, PI, and EI had statistical differences [(9.00±2.02) s vs (10.90±2.75) s, P=0.008], [(35.46±5.77) dB vs (29.73±8.72) dB, P=0.009] and [(30.76±5.76) dB vs (23.45±6.84) dB, P=0.000]. PI and EI in malignant tumors were higher than those in benign ones (P<0.05). Conclusion DCEUS could be a new method in differentiating benign and malignant gastric ulceration, which can get both the anatomy and perfusion information of gastric wall as well as lesions. 3D-DCEUS can improve the quality of the conventional ultrasound image.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value and the early therapeutic efficacy of hysteromyomas treated with the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) by two-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound(2D-CEUS) and three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound(3D-CEUS). Methods A total of 90 patients with 150 hysteromyomas were treated with RFA, including 138 intramural myomas and 12 submucous myomas (in which 5 had micr-pedicles). 2D-CEUS and 3D-CEUS were performed within one day before and after RFA treatment, respectively. The blood supply of focal zone(FZ) was observed by 2D-CEUS and 3D-CEUS. The volume of hysteromyomas and the coagulation necrosis range were measured by 3D-CEUS. The average necrotic rates of hysteromyoma were calculated. Results The 5 submucous myomas with micr-pedicles were removed completely after the RFA treatment. The 2D-CEUS appearances of other 145 hysteromyomas were diverse after the RFA treatment, in which 137 FZs had no contrast infusion,indicating complete ablation, 8 FZs appeared peripheral linear or small flaky enhancement, considering incomplete treatment. The 3D-CEUS performances were variant too, in which 132 FZs vascular network displayed as a "cavity", indicating complete tumor necrosis, the other 7 FZs appeared "branch shape" low enhancement and another 6 FZs showed nonuniform low enhancement, considering residual tumor tissue. The average necrotic rate of the 139 hysteromyomas was (97.1 ± 12. 9)% ,another 6 hysteromyomas was only (46. 4 ± 7. 0) %. Conclusions 3D-CEUS can display vascular structure and spatial relationship of the hysteromyomas, which can be used as the complement of 2D-CEUS. The combination of the two techniques can evaluate the earlier therapeutic efficacy of hysteromyomas by RFA more timely, intuitively and accurately.

Objective:To study the antisense oligonucleotide mediated inhibition on telomerase activity and cell proliferation of GBC-SD cell.Methods:We design the antisense,sense,and random oligonucleotide with phosphoric acid modification for the hTR(Human Telomerase RNA)template sequence.MTT and PCR methods were used to observe the inhibition on telomerase activity and cell proliferation of GBC-SD cell ,and fibroblast cells were used as control group.Results:PS-ODN can lead to the reduction of cell survival rate of GBC-SD cell,wich dosage dependence.Tne experimental group cell detected by scanning electron appeared apoptotic feature.Conclusion:PS-ODN can inhibit telomerase activity of GBC-SD cell effectively and induce the cell apoptosis.

All the examination results of anesthesia interns from 1996 to 2003 were analyzed.The content and criteria of examination in anesthesia intern which was formulated by our university was evaluated.The cause of deficiency reflected by examination results and problems existing in education were analyzed to improve clinic training for anesthesia intern and cultivate excellent anesthesia specialist.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of administration of intranasal dexmedetomidine for preoperative sedation in the pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.Methods Sixty pediatric patients of both sexes,aged 2-5 yr,weighing 10-30 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ (NYHA Ⅰ-Ⅲ),scheduled for elective radical operation for congenital heart disease under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:dexmedetomidine administered intranasally group (group IN) and dexmedetomidine administered intravenously group (group Ⅳ).After admission to a room for preoperative preparation,dexmedetomidine 2μg/kg was administered intranasally in group IN and dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg (in 15,ml normal saline) was injected intravenously over 20 min in group Ⅳ.After admission to the operating room at 20 min after administration,oxygen was inhaled through a face mask and induction of anesthesia was performed.The patient acceptance of modes of administration,sedation degree at 20 min after administration,score of mood state of the children when they were separated from their parents,and degree of patient acceptance of oxygen inhalation via a face mask were recorded.Bradycardia,hypotension,hypertension and hyoxemia were recorded from administration to induction of anesthesia.Results Compared with IN group,the rate of patient acceptance of modes of administration was significantly decreased,and no significant changes were found in sedation degree at 20 min after administration,score of mood state of the children when they were separated from their parents,and degree of patient acceptance of oxygen inhalation via a face mask in group Ⅳ.No adverse reactions such as bradycardia,hypotension,hypertension or hyoxemia developed from administration to induction of anesthesia in the two groups.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 2μg/kg administered intranasally can be safely and effectively used for preoperative sedation in the pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.

Objective To observe the dynamic distribution of the extravasated Evans Blue (EB) dye points (neurogenic inflammatory response) at the skin after acute gastric mucosal injury (AGMI) and its relation to the related regular acupoints in the locations in rats. Methods A total of 70 Wistar rats were randomized into normal control (n=10),normal saline (n=10),and AGMI (n=50) groups. The AGMI group was further divided into 5 h,2 d,3 d,4 d and 5 d subgroups with 10 rats in each. AGMI model was duplicated by intragastric perfusion of diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl,0.5 mol/L). Evans Blue Dye (50 mg/kg,50 mg/mL in 0.9% saline) was given to the rats before AGMI modeling. The plasma extravasated EB points at the skin of the whole body were observed after removal of the hair. Results The extravasated EB points presented a nerve-segmental distribution,with the proportion of the points in the location being 47.5% for "Geshu" (BL 17),58.82% for "Jizhong" (GV 6),88.23% for "Pishu" (BL 20),82.35% for "Weishu" (BL 21),17.64% for "Zhongwan" (CV 12),and 5.88% for "Shangwan" (CV 13),respectively. The plasma extravasation of EB seldom appeared in normal rats and only fewer points were found in rats accepted administration of 0.9% saline. Significant differences were found between model and normal control groups,and between model and normal saline groups in the numbers of the extravasated EB points (P