Adolescent ; Epistaxis ; etiology ; Histiocytosis, Sinus ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male

Objective: To detect methylation status of p16 CDKN2A exon 1 during experimental carcinogenesis in rats. Methods:Thirty male clean SD rats were fed with 0.02 g/L of 4-nitroquinoline-oxide (4NQO) in drinking water.13, 16 and 24 weeks after experiment the normal, moderate-severe dysplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma tissues were removed from their tongues respectively; then the methylation status of p16 CDKN2A exon 1 were detected by methylation-specific PCR(MSP). Results:A 123 bp-unmethylated product was amplified in all samples but the methylated product was not detected in any of the samples. Conclusion: The p16 CDKN2A exon 1 appeares to be unmethylated during carcinogenesis of tongue cancer in experimental rats.

UDP glucosyltransferase (UDPGT) catalyzes the synthesis of secondary metabolites and plant hormones to regulate plant growth and development, pathogen defense and environmental adaptability. In this study 18 members of the RcUDPGT gene family were cloned from Tibetan Rhodiola crenulata and analyzed using bioinformatics. The tissue-specific expression, abiotic stresses and plant hormones (abscisic acid, auxin, methyl jasmonate) induced expression patterns were identified by real-time quantitative PCR. The bait vector of RcUDPGT (JX228125.1) was constructed to select interacting proteins from an Arabidopsis yeast library. The results of the bioinformatics analysis revealed that RcUDPGT nucleotide sequences were about 1 400 bp and encoded 452-498 amino acids. In the primary protein sequences, C-terminal sequences were more conserved compared with N-terminal regions, which held a PSPG (plant secondary product glycosyltransferase) domain. In the tertiary structures, RcUDPGTs contained a UDP sugar donor recognition binding site. In addition, all genes had multiple phosphorylation sites. The results of qRT-PCR showed that RcUDPGTs genes were expressed in root, stem and leaf. The expression levels were regulated by low temperature/ultraviolet light and various plant hormones (ABA, IAA, MeJA), but the expression patterns were quite different among them. For example, RcUDPGT6, RcUDPGT11, and RcUDPGT17 had the highest expression in leaves and were induced by all three hormones, suggesting that the functions of these genes might be to respond to environmental changes. RcUDPGT9, RcUDPGT10, RcUDPGT14 were most abundantly expressed in roots and were significantly induced by ABA and MeJA hormones, indicating that these genes may be involved in the synthesis and accumulation of salidroside. Yeast two-hybrid results showed that RcUDPGT did not exhibit autoactivation and cell toxicity, and two significant interactional genes were identified, AtKCR1 (AT1G67730.1) and AtSNL4 (AT1G70060). The AtKCR1 gene encodes a β-ketoacyl reductase (KCR) involved in synthesis of very long chain fatty acids. The AtSNL4 gene encodes a homolog of the transcriptional repressor SIN3, which could participate in the ABA hormone signaling pathway and enhance the transcriptional repression of AP2/EREBP class factors in Arabidopsis. These results suggest that the accumulation of the secondary metabolite salidroside in Rhodiola crenulata might be affected by several regulatory mechanisms. The above results may lay the foundation for understanding the adaptive mechanism of Rhodiola crenulata in a high altitude environment and stimulate an in-depth study of the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in this species.

Recently a great number of new immunodepressants have emerged due to the side effects of steroids.Therefore,relatively more perfect steroid withdrawl regimens have been studied by many researchers at home and abroad.This article reviews the course of steroid withdrawal in liver transplantation,introduces and compares different protocols of steroid withdrawal.

Objective To detect the expressions of osteopontin (OPN) and inerleukin-18 in patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP),and to analyze their relationship with clinical and laboratory indices.Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to quantify the serum levels of osteopontin (OPN) and inerleukin (IL)-18 in 30 patients with BP and 30 health controls.Results The serum level of OPN was statistically higher in the patients than in the healthy controls ((8.29 ± 2.76) vs.(3.88 ± 1.41 ) ng/ml,P ＜ 0.01 ),and was positively correlated with the severity of BP (r =0.658,P ＜ 0.01 ) and with some laboratory indices in the patients.Increased serum IL-18 level was observed in patients complicated by cardiovascular diseases compared with those without cardiovascular diseases ((37.49 ± 6.43) vs.(31.10 ± 5.40) pg/ml,P ＜ 0.01).Moreover,the BP patients with diabetes,tumor,hepatic and renal impairment displayed an enhanced level of serum OPN and IL-18 than those without (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions OPN may be positively correlated with the severity of BP,while IL-18 may be involved in the development of complications of BP.

In our study, 198 types of pesticides in 120 types 333 lots of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which were reasonably classified according to its matrix property, were determined by using the pretreatment platform and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. As a result, 158 were contaminated with pesticides. However, the content of pesticides in most TCM was very low. In addition, types of pesticides were different in different part of materia medica. In conclusion, the current status of pesticide residues pollutants in TCM was summarized, and the result can provide proof for the formulation of maximum residue limit. The new species of herbs and the new detecting index should be electively monitored in Chinese Pharmacopeia.
China ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Objective:To investigate the effects of corticotomy assisted orthodontic treatment for mild skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion. Methods:7 adult patients with mild skeletal Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion were included and underwent corticotomy assisted ortho-dontic treatments.3D measurements and analysis of CBCT data before and after treatment were conducted.Results:The average dura-tion of upper anterior teeth retraction was 3.2 months.After treatment,obvious retraction of up incisiors with the retraction of maxillary alveolar bone and the upper lip backward and downward movement were observed.Conclusion:Corticotomy assisted orthodontic treat-ment is effective in the treatment of mild skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion by the retraction of uper anterior teeth,alveolarar bone and soft-tissue profile improvement.

AIM:To investigate the surgical method and extent of reoperation in the concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under-correction and over-correction.
METHODS: Ninety - six concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under - correction and over -correction were recruited in this study, which included 41 males and 55 females, aged 21. 90±14. 70. All individuals underwent routine eye examinations for strabismus before the surgery. Among the cases with concomitant esotropia, there were over-correction in 23 cases, under-correction in 15 cases. Among the cases with concomitant exotropia, there were over-correction in 28 cases, under - correction in 30 cases. The method of reoperation were based on angle of deviation, the method of original operation and acute visual acuity of patients.
RESULTS:In over - correction cases with concomitant esotropia, medial rectus muscle of 9 cases were advanced, the corrective extent was (5. 51±2. 63) ? / mm;9 cases were performed advance of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 25±1. 59) ? / mm; 3 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 26±1. 04) ? /mm; only 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 21±1. 91) ? /mm. In under - correction cases with concomitant esotropia, 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 03±0. 98) ? /mm; 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 86 ± 1. 32) ? / mm; 3 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was ( 4. 33 ± 0. 29 ) ? / mm. In over -correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 16 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5. 37 ± 1. 56) ? / mm; 6 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 29 ± 3. 68) ? / mm; 5 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5. 46±1. 78) ? / mm; 1 case were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was 5. 00? / mm. In under - correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 12 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 47 ± 0. 54) ? / mm; 16 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle and resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was ( 5. 11 ± 0. 75 ) ? / mm; 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (2. 65±0. 42) ? / mm.
CONCLUSION: In reoperation of concomitant strabismus patients with over-correction, weakening or/and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were performed surgery before has a greater and more unstable surgical corrective extent. While In reoperation of concomitant strabismuspatients with under -correction, weakening or/ and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were not performed surgery has a normal corrective extent as usual.

Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has effectively inhibited the prevalence of HIV-1 and reduced the death rate caused by AIDS. In recent years,the emergence of resistance-conferring RT gene mutations in HIV-1 strains has become the major reason for HAART failure. The detection of drug resistance is important for the HAART regimen choice and novel drug development. A novel assay for the detection of HIV-1 RT drug resistance mutations was developed. HIV-1 drug resistance and wild strains in B subtypes were investigated using Two-Step Mutagenically-Separated PCR (MS-PCR),and point mutations including M41L,K70R,K103N,Y181C,T215F were detected. A longer mutant type primer was designed,using microplates hybridization and ELISA technique to detect several point mutations within a mixed mutant-wild type population. The results indicate that the Two-Step MS-PCR is as sensitive and specific as that in the traditional MS-PCR and MS-PCR combined with ELISA can give a good P/N quotient with better sensitivity,low cost,relatively less time consumption and high-throughput screening. It will be used in clinic usage for the detection of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations as well as other point mutations.

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41,which is a hopeful target for HIV-1 fusion inhibitors,plays a critical role in the fusion of viral and cellular membranes.In order to build up the screening assay of HIV-1 fusion inhibitors targeting gp41,HIV-1 gp41 5-helix and 6-helix were expressed in prokaryotic cells.Gp41 5-helix and 6-helix recombined plasmids were constructed by using PCR,enzyme digestion and ligation taking the clade B HIV-1 genome as a template.The plasmid was transferred into E.coli BL21(DE3)and then induced by IPTG.The expressed protein was purified by affinity chromatography after denaturation and renaturation.The SDS-PAGE analysis was used during expression and purification.Native-PAGE was used to identify the interaction between gp41 5-helix and T-20.The result will be helpful to build up the screening assay of HIV-1 fusion inhibitors targeting gp41.