20 beats/ h);⑤ normal control group(n=20):healthy person without OSAS or hypertension.The serum level of IL-6, sCD40L,hsCRP,sICAM-1,VACM-1 are determined by ELISA method.Results The serum level of IL-6, sCD40L,hsCRP,sICAM-1,VCAM-1 in patients of OSAS alone group or HT alone group is higher than that of normal control group;whereas,the serum level of IL-6,sCD40L,hsCRP,sICAM-1,VCAM-1 in patients with hy- pertension co-existed OSAS are furthermore higher than that of OSAS alone group,hypertension alone group(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the application value of morphology assessment of sperm from fresh semen in routine in vitro fertilization (IVF).

METHODSWe analyzed the morphology of the sperm from fresh or optimized semen samples and, based on the sperm morphology of the raw semen, allocated 908 IVF cycles due to the pure tubal factor to different groups: morphologically normal sperm (MNS) ≤ 4%, > 4% - ≤ 15%, and > 15% in Trial 1 and MNS ≤ 1%, > 1% - ≤ 2%, > 2% - ≤ 3%, and > 3%-- ≤ 4% in Trial 2. We compared the rates of fertilization, cleavage, high-quality embryo, -blastocyst formation, and pregnancy among different groups.

RESULTSThe total fertilization rate was significantly lower in the MNS ≤ 4% than in the MNS > 4% - ≤ 15% and >15% groups (74.40% vs 78.61% and 80.03%, P < 0.01). Compared with the MNS ≤ 1%, > 1% - ≤ 2%, and > 2% - ≤ 3% groups, the MNS > 3% - ≤ 4% group showed remarkably increased rates of 2PN normal fertilization (77.23%, 78.97% and 78.99% vs 85.47%, P < 0.01), cleavage (95.71%, 96.01% and 97.27% vs 98.73%, P < 0.05), and blastocyst formation (53.85%, 49.01% and 49.55% vs 63.41%, P < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed in the rates of clinical pregnancy, implantation, early abortion, live birth, or malformation at birth among different groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMNS ≤ 4% affected the total rate of fertilization while MNS ≤ 3% reduced the rate of normal fertilization in IVF. However, even MNS ≤ 1% did not result in fertilization disorder or failure. Therefore, teratozoospermia alone was not an indicator of ICSI and sperm mor- phology assessment had no obvious value for predicting the rates of embryo quality, clinical pregnancy, and live birth in IVF.

Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Spermatozoa ; cytology

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of peripheral blood CD4~+, CD25~+ and CD4~+CD25~+ T subpopulations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis.Methods The per- centage and fluorescence intensities of peripheral blood CD4~+,CD25~+ and CD4~+CD25~+ subpopulations from 34 SLE and 18 normal controls were measured with flow cytometry assay,then the correlation with clincal data was analyzed.The CD25~+ cells were defined as the CD25~(high) cells if their fluorescence intensity was higher than 10. Results The percentage of CD4~+CD25~+,CD4~+CD25~(high) T lymphocytes in active SLE patients[(4.80?1.21)% and (0.25?0.10)%]was lower than that in normal controls[(8.92?3.21)% and(0.44?0.22)% and non-active SLE patients(11.28?2.09)% and(0.59?0.34)%](P＜0.05).However,as for the CD25~+ cells in the CD4~+ T cells,there was no difference between SLE patients and normal control group.Peripheral blood CD4~+CD25~+,CD4~+CD25~(high) cells in SLE were reversely correlated with SLEDAI(r=-0.74,P=0.004 and r=-0.614,P=0.026),but not with others such as complements,ANA titers etc.Peripheral blood CD4~+ and CD25~+ lymphocytes in active SLE pa- tients were also lower than those in normal controls[(23?7)vs(34?7)and(7.4?1.8)vs(13.9?3.4),P＜0.05]. CD25 fluorescence intensities were higher in the SLE patients those in the normal controls,but CD4 fluores- cence intensities were not.Conclusion CD4~+CD25~+ may play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Hepatitis B, Chronic ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Humans ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the basic distribution of endemic areas in the type of drinking water arsenism and in Xiantao City,Hubei Province,and to offer a scientific basis for control and prevention.Methods According to"the Chinese Scheme of Implementing Surveillance of Distribution of Endemic Arsenism",considering with the special geography feature of Xiantao,both sampling and overall survey were used in 7 towns chosen.The water arsenic content was determined by half quantitative fast reagent-box method.We began to search for clues and patients according to the endemic areas and the families with high arsenic wells.Results High endemic arsenic water sources were distributed in 7 the towns(districts or farms).In 81 villages of Xiantao City,35 villages had drinking water arsenic content exceeding 0.05 mg/L,accounting for 43.21%(35/81).In 4020 screened wells,269 had arsenic content higher than the national standard,the detective rate of high arsenic wells(more than 0.05 mg/L)was 6.69%(269/4020),with the highest rate in Shahu Seed Plant being 13.56%(115/848).The population exposed to high arsenic was 1091,in a rate of 5.75%(1091/18 975),in which 281 children were exposed in a rate of 5.82%(281/4826).In Shahu Seed Plant,467 people including 129 children were exposed to high arsenic, accounting for 13.26%(467/3522)and 12.91%(129/999),respectively.Conclusions High arsenic sources widely exist in Xiantao City,especially in Shahu Seed Plant,where arsenic content,the exposed rate of population and children are high.Therefore,prevention and control should be carried out in the southeast as soon as possible,as well as in other places where situation is less serious.

Objective To summarize the manifestation and treatment of acquired hemophilia A in pa- tients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Method A case was investigated retrospectively and the lit- erature was reviewed.Results A 25-year-old woman with a 5 year history of SLE was admitted to hospital due to abdominal pain.She was diagnosed with acquired factorⅧinhibitor deficiency based on a prolonged activated partial-thromboplastin time(APTT,135.3 s),reduced factorⅧactivity(0.9%)and factorⅧin- hibitor(26.1 BU/ml).Sonography and magnetic nuclear resonance of the abdomen confirmed the presence of a retro-uterine hematoma.The patient was initially treated with intravenous pulse and oral corticosteroids,factorⅧplasma concentrated and intravenous immunoglobulin.Clinical and biological improvement was promptly obtained.Conclusions Attention should be paid to the association between SLE and acquired hemophilia A. Combination therapy may be recommended as initial therapy for the management of acquired hemophilia A in patients with SLE.But no standardized treatment can be recommended at present.

OBJECTIVETo decide the safe dissection plane and evaluate the multiple materials used for the fronto-temporal augmentation.

METHODSClinical anatomical observation were made during the fronto-temporal operations. Forty-one patients were treated for the fronto-temporal augmentation with various granular or patched materials in different anatomical plane.

RESULTSFour relatively safe dissection planes were found in the fronto-temporal area: (1) subcutaneous or above superficial temporal fascia, (2) subgalea plane 1.5 cm above the zygomatic arch, (3) between the deep temporal fascia and the temporal muscle, and (4) beneath the temporal periosteum. With the follow-ups from 6 months to 1 year, the appearance after the fronto-temporal augmentation in each patient was satisfactory or improved, except for the fat granule group with partial absorption and the ePTFE or Medpor hypothesis group shown a stepped contouring at the margin in a few patients.

CONCLUSIONFour dissection planes could be shown in the fronto-temporal region for the augmentation plasty with different advantages and disadvantages. The combination could be overcome the disadvantages to improve the results. Fat granule could be the best autograft for frontotemporal augmentation.

Adult ; Biocompatible Materials ; therapeutic use ; Ceramics ; therapeutic use ; Durapatite ; therapeutic use ; Face ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Materials Testing ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Temporal Bone ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study the features,safe Sex behavior and the size of men who have sex with men(MSM)population in actuaI and virtual venues in one city.Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study in actual and virtual venues,using the Estimated Size of Population from a Single Sample(LMS method)to estimate the size of MSM population.Results Most MSM in actual venues were 24-43 year olds and had received high school education,whereas in virtual venues,the majority of this population were younger than 29 years old and had higher education,including some college students.The awareness of AIDS of the two groups from different venues showed no statistically significant difierence,neither the safe sex behaviors.Proportions of the MSM population in actual and virtuaI venues were 21.22%(16 383,95%CI:11514-21252)and 78.78%(60830,95%CI:57327-64329),respectively.After adjusting the overlapping part of the MSM from both venues,the total number was between 60 830 and 77213,constituting a proportion of 5.03%-6.38%in the sexually active male population(15-64 year olds)in this city.Conclusion The size of the MSM population was large but the characteristics were different in the actual or virtual venues.As most MSM preferred going to the virtual venues,intervention program on AIDS-specific strategy in this area,in particular dealing with the Internet,should be strenthened.

OBJECTIVETo study the HIV infection rate and relevant behavioural characteristics among drug users (DUs) in the 15 cities of China-Gates HIV/AIDS Program.

METHODSBy literature review from the public security sector and expert consultations, the size of drug using population was estimated, questionnaire was used to survey relevant behavioural characteristics of DUs, and blood specimens were collected for HIV, syphilis and HCV testing.

RESULTSIn 2007, the number of registered DUs in the 15 cities was 176 004, while the estimated number was 477 989. DUs mainly used heroin and crystal meth. Of the survey subjects, 41.0% (2685/6155) had correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS, and Hangzhou 97.6% (410/420), Qingdao 85.5% (342/400), Wuhan 69.7% (308/442), Kunming 63.8% (255/400), Shanghai 45.4% (237/522), Xi'an 44.5% (178/400), Nanjing 38.8% (155/400), Beijing 36.5% (237/650), Guangzhou 29.5% (122/413), Haerbin 25.4% (114/447), Haikou 23.8% (96/402), Chongqing 22.4% (90/401), Sanya 20.0% (80/400), Tianjin 16.2% (41/253), Shenyang 9.8% (20/205), and the difference among the cities has statistical significance (χ(2) = 1482.833, P < 0.05). The rate of needle sharing at the last injection was 10.8% (665/6155), and Hangzhou 10.8% (45/420), Chongqing 26.4% (106/401), Guangzhou 2.6% (11/413), Shenyang 31.3% (64/205), Shanghai 0.4% (2/522), Kunming 10.8% (43/400), Beijing 10.6% (69/650), Tianjin 5.4% (14/253), Xi'an 3.3% (13/400), Wuhan 17.9% (79/442), Sanya 20.0% (80/400), Haikou 2.2% (9/402), Haerbin 8.5% (38/447), Nanjing 21.4% (86/400), Qingdao 1.5% (6/400), and the difference among the cities has statistical significance (χ(2) = 483.044, P < 0.05). Only 5.0% (8737/176 004) of DUs and 1.2% of HIV positive DUs participated in needle exchange. The HIV, syphilis and HCV infection rates were respectively 2.76% (155/5620), 3.38% (190/5620) and 32.35% (1818/5620). The HIV infection rates of different city was:Hangzhou 0.4% (1/273), Chongqing 7.5% (30/401), Guangzhou 2.9% (12/413), Shenyang 0.5% (1/205), Shanghai 0.32% (1/316), Kunming 16.25% (65/400), Beijing 2.6% (16/624), Tianjin 2.0% (5/253), Xi'an 1.25% (5/400), Wuhan 0.24% (1/411), Sanya 1.75% (7/400), Haikou 0.2% (1/402), Haerbin 1.1% (5/447), Nanjing 1.1% (3/275), Qingdao 0.5% (2/400), and the difference among the cities has statistical significance (χ(2) = 354.203, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe HIV prevalence rate of IDUs in 15 cities slowly decreased although the HIV prevalence rate of IDUs in Chongqing and Kunming and other cities had surpassed the international warning level. The risk of sharing needles for HIV infection was dropped, and more attention should be paid to the potential risk of HIV transmission via unsafe sex due to the use of new drugs, such as amphetamine chloride.

China ; epidemiology ; Drug Users ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Syphilis ; epidemiology ; Treponema pallidum ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo explore the current status of HIV infection and HIV-related knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 14 cities in China.

METHODSA cluster sampling method was administrated and 14 large or medium cities were selected. The respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was also used to conduct a questionnaire survey in 6101 MSM. Blood specimens were collected for HIV and syphilis testing.

RESULTSA total of 6101 MSM were selected and investigated, with an HIV infection rate of 6.3% (384/6101) and a syphilis infection rate of 14.0% (854/6101). The proportion of MSM knowing correct HIV/AIDS knowledge was 59.7% (3644/6101); 6.2% (378/6101) and 11.2% (683/6101) of the respondents ever had buying sex or selling sex in the last six months respectively; the proportion of consistent condom-using each time while with male partners in the last month was 39.2% (2392/6101). The proportion of condom-using while with male partners was 65.2% (3978/6101) in the last time among MSM.

CONCLUSIONA high HIV infection rate was observed among MSM with limited HIV/AIDS awareness and high risk behaviors. It is necessary to initiate a rapid response to prevent HIV spreading in MSM.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Homosexuality, Male ; psychology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Risk-Taking ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Unsafe Sex