Mouthpart developmental histology of Whitmania pigra at different month of age were studied by paraffin section, HE staining combined alcian blue and periodic acid schifts reaction procedure (AB-PAS). The following results was obtained: Change ranges: oral width 0.6 mm (1-3 month), 1.2 mm (34 month); oral diameter 0.3 mm (1-3 month); 1.2 mm (34 month), the oral size reached maximum during 4-6 months and unchanged thereafter. Oral lip had a thin protective film located in the front of the mouthpart. The W. pigra possessed three jaws in oral cavity, the big one was in dorsum, the other two separated on both side of abdomen respectively. Jaws and muscular pharynx were interrelated closely. The jaws were composed by cuticle, epithelial layer, muscularis and jaw cavity from outside to inside. In the front of jaws had mastoid abdomen with function of secreting acidophilic granule from 2 month age. Oral cavity was composed by mucosa, submucosa and muscularis inside and outside. Oral cavity was rich of peristomial nerves. And pharynx was composed of mucosa, muscularis, adventitia from inside to outside. The folds height and width become heighten and thicken. Mucosa epithelium from complex flat epithelium changed into columnar epithelium, muscularis gradually developed into thickened along with growing. Muscular thickness reached maximum at 4 months. Mucous cells of W. pigra were classified into I-IV types based on different staining and two mainly morphological shapes (Tubular, Pear-shaped). Jaws, oral cavity, pharynx by AB-PAS staining showed little changes at different month of age. Mucous cells were few at 1 month age, and type II cells were increased rapidly in 2-3 month age in oral lip. Oral cavity contains more mucous gland cells type I. Under the muscularis there were connective tissues which distributed a few of mucous cells type II.
Animals ; Female ; Histology ; Leeches ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Male ; Mouth ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Mucous Membrane ; chemistry

Studies on the variation of amylase, lipase and lrotease activity of Whitmania pigra in 0-6 months old using 3, 5-dinitro- salicylic acid colorimetry, right-nitrophenyl palmitate ester (ρ-NPP) colorimetry and folin-phenol method. The results showed that pro- tease activity remained low before 1.5 months old and with the highest activity in 2 months old, but after showing a small peak in 4 months, alkaline protease rapid declined. Amylase was low at born, then gradually increased the activity of the highest in 2.5 months old. Lipase with a strong vitality at birth, then 1 month with minimum and 2 months peaked, but appeared a small peak in 4 months old. In summary, only lipase exhibits strong activity at birth, lipase with the strongest activity in the digestive tract during develop- ment. Protease, lipase and amylase with the strongest activity at 2-3 months old, but were decreased after 4 months old.
Age Factors ; Amylases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Leeches ; enzymology ; Lipase ; metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases ; metabolism

To predict the occurrence ofposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) on adults in flood district.Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals on Mental Disorders (IV Edition) were used to examine and diagnose the victims in flood districts.Based on the forecasting model of SVM with PTSD as dependent variables and 23 influence factors of PTSD as independent variables,prediction of PTSD was conducted among the victims.After considering 23 influence factors into the prediction model,the agreement rate of prediction of the model was 88.05 percent,with sensitivity as 75.0 percent,and specificity as 89.4percent.Conclusion: The prediction model based on SVM with 23 influence factors had good effect on predicting the occurrence of PTSD.

OBJECTIVETo compare between micro-endoscopic discectom) (MED) and open decompression discectomy, and assess the clinical value of MED.

METHODSTwo hundreds and sixty-one cases who suffered from lumbar disc herniation had a retrospective study. One hundred and twenty-one of 261 patients were treated with MED including 72 male and 52 female with an average age of 37.6 years ranging 26 to 63, the segment of herniated discs were at L4.5 in 66 and at L5S1 in 58. The other 137 patients were treated with decompression by fenestration and discectomy including 66 male and 71 female with an average age of 44.5 years ranging 25 to 71, the segment of herniated discs were at L4.5 in 64 and at L5S1 in 73. MED was performed via a scopes. Open decompression discectomy was performed decompression by fenestration and discectomy.

RESULTSMED group were followed up for 14.5 months on average, the operative time was (85 +/- 15) minutes and blood loss was (50 +/- 10) ml, time of laying in bed after operation was (50 +/- 8) hours. Open decompression group were followed up for 15.5 months on average, operative time was (60 +/- 15) minutes and blood loss was (80 +/- 20) ml, time of laying bed after operation was (150 +/- 24) hours. MED group needed significantly less narcotic medication after operation than open decompression group. According to modified Macnab criteria, the results were excellent in 94, good in 25, fair in 5 in MED group and excellent in 101, good in 28, fair in 8 in open decompression group.

CONCLUSIONAs compared with open decompression group, MED offers a similar short-term clinical outcome, but with smaller incision, less tissue trauma and quicker recovery.

Adult ; Decompression, Surgical ; Diskectomy ; methods ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; surgery ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

To research the effect of continuous cropping on cotton soil microorganisms and soil microorgan-isms on grow of cotton,we studied the total numbers of aerobic self-nitrogen-fixing bacteria,potassium bacteria,cellulose decomposing bacteria,phosphate solubilizing bacteria,organic-phosphorus-dissolving bacteria distributed in continuous cropping cotton fields of regimental farm 2 and 3 of the first agricultural division through dilution spread plate method.Results showed that the total numbers of five kinds of bacte-ria was highest in blooming and bolling periods,lowest in seeding periods and higher in before sowing pe-riods.The total numbers of five kinds of bacteria was no notable regular changes with continuous cropping year.The numbers of aerobic self-nitrogen-fixing bacteria at different cotton growth stages in regimental farm 2 was higher than in regimental farm 3 and the numbers change of other bacteria was varied in different cotton growth stages in regimental farm 2 and 3.Soil beneficial bacteria were negatively correlated with a variety of soil nutrient ion and free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria were significantly positive correlated with soil total nitrogen.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the change and influence factors of quality of life QOL for drug abusers who accepted methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). METHODS: The questionnaire of QOL-BRIEF was used to measure the level of QQL when patients just entered the study and 6 months after the treatment respectively. The effect of therapy and characteristic of patients on change of QOL was analyzed. RESULTS: The scores in physiological domain, psychological domain, and the total score obviously increased after the treatment. There was no significant difference in the change of QOL between the patients of different dose groups. The QOLs of males and patients with long-time drug use improved significantly after the treatment. CONCLUSION MMT can raise the QOL of drug abusers. Gender and time of drug use may be the risk factors of QOL improvement.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methadone ; administration & dosage ; Opioid-Related Disorders ; drug therapy ; Quality of Life ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The effect of water temperature, stocking density and feeding cycle on the growth of Poecilobdella manillensis juvenile was conducted P. manillensis was conducted respectively under different conditions: water temperatures(18, 22, 26, 30,34, 38 degrees C and CT), stocking density (75, 125, 200, 275, 350 individual/L) and feeding cycle(2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 d). After 30 days, survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate were measured. There was a significant correlation between water temperature and specific growth rate (γ = -0.066x2 + 3.543 1x -38.09, R2 = 0.837 9). Based on the regression equation, the specific growth rate of P. manillensis achieved the maximum (9.461 4) at 26.84 degrees C. And the most optimal water temperature was 26-30 degrees C. Meanwhile, the survival rates of P. manillensis was 0 at 38 degrees C in 3 d. There was significant negative correlation between density and specific growth rate (γ = -0.005 7x + 9.197 3, R2 = 0.998 3) and between feeding cycle and specific growth rate (γ = -0.468 2x + 10.574, R2 = 0.998 8).
Animals ; Annelida ; growth & development ; physiology ; Body Size ; Feeding Behavior ; Temperature ; Water ; chemistry

Adult ; Aged ; Diskectomy, Percutaneous ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; pathology ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective to explore the current situation and related influencing factors on the retention time of patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Methods Information on basic situation and daily treatment of the patients were collected from the 7 MMT clinics opened in the pro-two batch in Hunan province. Retention rate and influencing factors were analyzed. Results (1) The retention rates after 6 and 12 months of MMT became 72.06% and 49.65% respectively. (2) The retention rates of high-dosage group and low-dosage group were 85.03% and 68.03% after 6 months on MMT program while became 60.48% and 46.28% after 12 months of MMT respectively. (3) The mean retention time of HIV+ patients and HIV- patients were 9.46 months and 8.62 months respectively during the 12 months follow-up observation, showing a significant difference. (4) Patients who took large dose methadone, did not share needles, at older age or HIV+ , were prone to keep MMT at a long period. Conclusion The retention rates for 6 months and 12 months in the MMT program in Hunan province were similar to the national data. Dose, type of drug abuse, age and HIV status were related to the period of retention.

Objective To determine the risk factors related to tuberculosis infection among people living with HIV/AIDS and to develop strategies for preventing the co-infection.Methods A 1:2matched nested case-control study was carried out to analyze the influencing factors of tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS.Results 1018 people living with HIV/AIDS were followed up for one year with a total number of 736.75 person-years,among them 62 tuberculosis cases were diagnosed.The incidence density of tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS was 8.42 persons per 100 person-years.Factors as education level(OR=0.483),vaccination history of Bacille Calmette Guerin(OR=0.561),CD_4~+ count T-lymphocyte(OR=0.356),unemployment(OR=1.976),living alone(OR=2.646),and smoking(OR=2.215)were significantly related to the prevalence of tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS.Conclusion High education level,with vaccination history of Bacille Calmette Guerin and high level of CD_4~+ T-lymphocyte count were protective factors while being unemployed,living alone,and smoking habit were risk factors related to the prevalence of tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS.