Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; pathology ; Polyps ; pathology

Objective To systematically evaluate the application of problem-based learning (PBL)in the teaching process of health management major in China.Methods Databases including CNKI (1979 to December the 2015),VIP (1989 to December the 2015),Wanfang (1982 to December the 2015) and PubMed were systematically retrieved.Any literature about PBL of health management major was included.Seffdeveloped data extraction form was used for collecting the information.Data were input and analyzed using Excel 2007.Results 15 papers were included in the analysis.The first author mainly came from the northeast region of China (7).Most (10) papers did not get the funding support.No paper was published in the journals contained in the Guide to the Core Journals of China.6 papers of experimental studies compared the performance difference of students of the PBL and lecture-based learning (LBL),which was statistically significant.Conclusion PBL is superior to the LBL.However,due to the large difference in the quality of literature,more studies were needed to determine the effect of PBL.Moreover,we should pay attention to the combination of PBL and LBL.

Objective To compare the efficacy of different volume of ropivacaine and lidocaine for ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial block.Methods Sixty patients scheduled for distal upper limb surgery were divided into group A and group B by random digits table method with 30 cases each.The patients were given ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial block,but the patients in group A using 0.3％ ropivacaine mixed with 1％ lidocaine 20 ml,the patients in group B using the same mixture 30 ml.Sensory block was assessed every 5 min after the block.Motor block was evaluated at 30 min after the block.The onset time of anesthesia,surgical success rate,complications and duration of anesthesia were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the surgical success rate [93.3％(28/30) vs.96.7％(29/30),P＞0.05],onset time of sensory block [10 (5) min vs.5 (5) min,P＞0.05] and degree of motor block between the 2 groups.The duration of anesthesia in group A was shorter than that in group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial block with the mixture of 0.3％ ropivacaine and 1％ lidocaine 20 ml and 30 ml is similar in surgical success rate and onset time of anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the effects of intense pulsed light(IPL) on the collagen metabolism in human fibroblasts.Methods The callan foreskin fibroblasts were cultured and treated with different wave length and designed dose of IPL irradiation(590-1 200 nm,and 29 J/cm2),while 10 without IPL irradiation as controls.By culturing 1,12,24 and 48 h after the irradiation,the synthesis of collagen was measured by 3H-proline incorporation determination. Results The synthesis of collagen activity increased significantly(P

Background Orthokeratology has been proved to temporarily alter the equivalent sphere,but its effects on visual quality deserve attention.Objective The present study was to investigate the visual quality after overnight orthokeratology in pre-adolescent myopes.Methods Written informed consent was obtained form each subject prior to entering into this series.A descriptive study design was used.One hundred and fifty eyes of 76 teenagers aged (14.90± 1.24)years with low and moderate myopia (-2.79 ± 0.82)D were included in the study.Fitted with Ortho-K contact lens,the lens was wore every night for over 8 hours.Subjective refraction,uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),contrast sensitivity function,corneal-topography,and aberrometry were examined before,1 week and 3 months after the initiation of orthokeratology.Visual quality was generally evaluated by comparing before wearing,1 week and 3 months after wearing using the National Eye Institute refractive error quality of life instrument (NEI-RQL-42TM).All the procedures were performed by the same clinician.Results Spherical equivalent refractions were (-0.33± 1.02) D and (-0.26 ± 0.60) D 1 week and 3 months after orthokeratology,showing significant decline in comparison with (-2.79±0.82) D of before orthokeratology (P =0.001,0.001).However,no considerable difference was seen between 1 week and 3 months after orthokeratology (P=0.161).Contrast sensitivity function was significantly different in all spatial frequencies before wearing,1 week and 3 months after wearing,and those of 1 week and 3 months after wearing were significantly lower than those of before wearing (1 week:3 cpd P =0.001,6 cpd P=0.001,12 cpd P＜0.05,18 epd P＜0.05 ;3 months:3 cpd P=0.001,6 cpd P=0.001,12 cpd P＜0.05,18 cpd P＜0.05).There was no significant change in contrast sensitivity function between 1 week and 3 months of orthokeratology (P＞0.05).Flat K,steep K and corneal eccentricity (e) were significantly reduced (P =0.000),and surface asymmetry index (SAI) and surface regularity index (SRI) were significantly improved after orthokeratology in comparison with before orthokeratology (both P =0.001).Root mean square (RMS) of total higher-order,third-order and fourth-order aberrations were significantly increased (P＜0.05),but RMS of whole aberration and second-order aberrations significantly decreased after orthokeratology (P＜ 0.05).There were no significant changes in the fifth-order,sixth-order and seventh-order aberration among pre-wear,1 week and 3 months after orthokeratology.Scales of dark to bright,nocturnal driving,glare,visual fluctuate and halo were lower than those before orthokeratology (P＜0.05).The scales of visual fluctuate between 1 month and 3 months after orthokeratology had significant differences (P＜0.01),while the rest of the scales had no significant differences (P＞0.05).Conclusions Orthokeratology can reduce myopic diopter 1 week after orthokeratology.The overnight wearing of fitted orthokeratology can decrease contrast sensitivity and increase corneal surface irregularity and RMS of third-order and fourth-order.Compared with spectacles,orthokeratology reduces subjective visual quality,especially nocturnal quality.

Taking application of some isolation and purification technologies, such as solvent extraction, preliminary solvent isolation, column chromatographies over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel and preparative HPLC, 10 compounds were obtained from Gynura nepalensis cultivated in the suburban area of Beijing. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature as (3R) -3-hydroxy-β-ionone (1), (3S,5R, 6S, 7E) -5, 6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (2), (+) -boscialin (3), 3, 6-trans-3-hydroxy-α-ionone (4), 3, 6-cis-3-hydroxy-α-ionone (5), 3, 4-cis-3, 4-dihydroxy-β-ionone (6), ethyl caffeate (7), loliolide (8), 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (9), and 3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole (10), respectively. All compounds were isolated from the title plant for the first time, and with compounds 1, 2, 4-7, 9 and 10 being isolated from Gynura species for the first time. Structurally, the above compounds 1-6 belong to C13 nor-sesquiterpenoids, sharing the same carbon skeleton of megastigmane. According to this study, they are one of major kinds of chemical constituents of Gynura nepalensis and have important reference value for the investigation on phytotaxonomy of this species.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; Cyclohexanones ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; Indoles ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Norisoprenoids ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the changes and pathogenic significance of serum interleukin-12p70 (IL-12), intefferon-γ,(IFN-γ) and IL-4 in the course of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS). Methods Twenty five eases were divided into mild group (14 eases) and severe group (11 cases) according to the severity of illness. Blood samples were collected in various stages(fever, hypotensian and oliguria,diuresis stage). Serum IL-12 and IFN-γ levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunoserbent assay(ELISA), IL-4 by radioimmunoassay (RIA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and platelet by automatic biochemical analyzer and blood analyzer. Results Serum IL-12 levels in mild and severe groups were significantly different during various stages of HFRS (F=5.765, P<0.01). The IL-12 level of both patient groups significantly increased(P<0.01) in fever[ (0.87±0.38), (1.08± 0.77)μg/L], hypotension and oliguria [ (0.77±0.21), (2.11±2.13)μg/L] ,and diuresis stage [ (1.42±1.10), (1.20±0.88)μg/L], compared with control group [(0.56±0.10)μg/L]. In various stages, IFN-γ levels of both case groups were respectively (8.04±13.05), (5.94±8.24), (15.95±18.05), (4.41±4.10), (1.09±1.24), (1.38±1.74), (1.12±1.26), (0.19±1.29)μg/L, and the difference was statistically significant compared with control [ (0.27±0.15)rig/L]. K,-4 levels did not change significantly in the stages(F=0.682, P0.05), while the ratios of IFN-γ and IL-4 contents in mild and severe cases were significantly higher than control [(0.36±0.26) μg/L] in fever[ (2.46±3.52), (16.92±22.77)p.g/L], hypotension and oliguria[(2.52±2.72), (1.77±2.06) μg/L],diuresis stage [(1.45±2.28), (2.32±3.98)μg/L], the difference had statically significant (P<0.05 or 0.01).The curve of IL-12 was similar to that of BUN, but was contrary to blood platelet count. Conclusions The elevated levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ, with the imbalance of Th1/Th2 might be the main cause of systemic inflammatoryresponse and involved in the pathogenesis of HFRS.

OBJECTIVETo study the impacts of exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on liver function in rats.

METHODSTwenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group and radiated group. The rats in normal group were not radiated, those in radiated group were exposed to EMR 4 h/ d for 18 consecutive days. Rats were sacrificed immediately after the end of the experiment. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and those of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue were evaluated by colorimetric method. The liver histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the protein expression of bax and bcl- 2 in liver tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick and labelling (TUNEL) method was used for analysis of apoptosis in liver.

RESULTSCompared with the normal rats, the serum levels of ALT and AST in the radiated group had no obvious changes (P>0.05), while the contents of MDA increased (P < 0.01) and those of GSH decreased (P < 0.01) in liver tissues. The histopathology examination showed diffuse hepatocyte swelling and vacuolation, small pieces and focal necrosis. The immunohistochemical results displayed that the expression of the bax protein was higher and that of bcl-2 protein was lower in radiated group. The hepatocyte apoptosis rates in radiated group was higher than that in normal group (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe exposure to 900 MHz mobile phone 4 h/d for 18 days could induce the liver histological changes, which may be partly due to the apoptosis and oxidative stress induced in liver tissue by electromagnetic radiation.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Phone ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Liver ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteomics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Staining and Labeling

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of single heat stress treatment on spermatogenic cells in mice.

METHODSWe randomly divided 36 C57 male mice into a control and a heat stress treatment group and submerged the lower part of the torso in water at 25 °C and 43 °C, respectively, both for 15 minutes. At 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment, we obtained the testicular organ indexes, observed the changes in testicular morphology by HE staining, and determined the location and expression levels of the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) and synaptonemal comlex protein-3 (SCP-3) in the testis tissue by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

RESULTSThe testicular organ index was significantly lower in the heat stress treatment than in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the controls, the heat shock-treated mice showed loosely arranged spermatogenic cells scattered in the seminiferous tubules at 1 day after heat stress treatment, atrophied, loosely arranged and obviously reduced number of spermatogenic cells at 7 days, and relatively closely arranged seminiferous tubules and increased number and layers of spermatogenic cells at 14 days. The number of SCP-3 labelled spermatocytes obviously decreased in the heat stress-treated animals at 1 and 7 days and began to increase at 14 days. The PLZF protein expression was significantly reduced in the heat stress treatment group at 1 day as compared with that in the control (0.19 ± 0.12 vs 0.64 ± 0.03, P < 0.01), but elevated to 0.77 ± 0.02 at 7 and 14 days, even remarkably higher than in the control animals (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHeat stress treatment can induce short-term dyszoospermia in mice, which can be recovered with the prolonged time after treatment.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Hot Temperature ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein ; Seminiferous Tubules ; cytology ; Spermatocytes ; cytology ; pathology ; Testis ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

The alpine plant Gentiana robusta is an endemic species to the Sino-Himalayan subregion. Also, it is one of the original plants used as traditional Tibetan medicine Jie-Ji. We sequence the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, matK, rbcL, rpoC1, trnL (UAA), psbA-trnH, atpB-rbcL, trnS( GCU)-trnG(UCC), rpl20-rps12, trnL(UAA)-trnF( GAA) fragments of cp DNA in both G. robusta and such relative species as G. straminea, G. crassicaulis and G. waltonii. With Halenia elliptica as the outgroup, molecular systematic analysis reveals that G. robusta is a natural hybrid. G. straminea is the mother of hybrids, but the father is not very clear. In addition, the molecular markers for distinguishing G. robusta from the parental species or closely related species are identified, respectively. Our studies may provide valuable reference for the species identifications of medicinal plants with complex genetic backgrounds.
DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Gentiana ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics