Objective: To explore the subjective well-being (SWB) of immigrant children and the differences between urban children and immigrant children in Beijing. Methods: The SWB Self-evaluating Scale,Positive Affect and Negative Affect Seale-Revised Edition, Student Life Satisfaction Scale, and Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale were administrated to a sample of 1018 immigrant children and 447 urban children in 4 immigrant children schools, 3 mixed public schools and 4 public schools in Beijing. Results: (1) On the whole,immigrant children from school for farmer-worker's children (6.9±2.7) and from mixed public school (7.4±2.3) scored lowest on SWB, urban children from mixed public school (8.2±2.1) were placed in the middle,and urban children from public school (8.4±1.9) scored highest (F=16.27, P<0.001). (2) Immigrant chlldren's general well-being score was (7.0±2.6), and their positive affect score was higher than that of negative affect [(3.0±0.5) vs.(2.3±0.6), P<0.001] . (3) Boys scored higher in environment satisfaction and gen-eral life satisfaction than girls [(3.7±0.9) vs.(3.5±0.9), (2.9±0.7) vs.(2.8±0.7), Ps<0.05], but lower in school satisfaction [(4.5±0.9)vs.(4.7±0.9), P <0.001] . (4) Higher grade children had more negative affect and self-satisfaction, but lower in the other aspects. Conclusion: Generally speaking, immigrant children's subjective well-being are above the average level, and immigrant children in mixed public schools have higher score than those in pure immigrant children schools, but both kinds of immigrant children score lower than urban children in subjective well-being.

In this study, the expression of IL-24 at maternal-fetal interface and the roles in extravillous trophoblast (the TEV-1 cell line) invasion were examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of IL-24 in villi and decidual tissue. The proliferation of TEV-1 cells under the effect of IL-24 was measured by MTT assay. The invasiveness of TEV-1 cells under the effect of recombinant IL-24 (rhIL-24) was examined by transwell system. Immunohistochemical detection showed that IL-24 was expressed in the villi and decidual tissue, and distributed in villous column, trophoblasts, stroma and blood vessels. The proliferation of TEV-1 cells was not inhibited by rhIL-24 of various concentrations. The examination of invasion in vitro showed that rhIL-24 could inhibit the invasion of TEV-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The results suggested IL-24 could inhibit the invasion of TEV-1 cells. Therefore, IL-24 produced by maternal-fetal interface in human first trimester pregnancy may influence the invasion of trophoblasts and is involved in normal pregnancy.

Current therapies of diabetes proven to lowering glucose include metformin,TZDs,sulphanylureas,nateglinide,Repaglinide,acarbose and insulin analogues.Given our better understanding of the beta cell function are slowly emerging.Recently,the gastrointestinal peptide hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) have been shown to significantly contribute to glucose homeostasis.Meanwhile,other novel prospect for diabetes such as selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) gamma modulators,inhibitors of sodium glucose co-transporters 2 have been proven to be attractive drug candidates.The therapeutic potential of these molecules are discussed in this review.

Serpiginous choroiditis (SC) is infrequent, chronic and posterior uveitis displaying a geographic pattern of choroiditis easy to recur. Studies reveal that the active lesions of inflammatory processes are mainly localized to the choriocapillaris and retinal pigment epithelium cells. SC may manifest with variable features, although a creeping pattern of choroiditis, extending from the juxtapapillary area, with grayish yellow discoloration. Fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, fundus auto-fluorescence and optical coherence tomography are helpful to diagnose atypical SC. In addition, these image examinations can evaluate the activity and progression of lesion, and detect any complication that might occur. SC is mainly distinguished from multifocal SC related with tuberculosis or virus and etc. Pathogenesis is unclear, an organ-specific autoimmune inflammation or infection seems likely to be the underlying process. It is mainly using glucocorticoid with immunosuppressant therapy at present. Timely and effectively control inflammation can effectively prevent vision loss, choroidal neovascularization and choroidal scar in SC patients.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Multiple Organ Failure ; chemically induced ; Occupational Diseases ; complications

BACKGROUND: It has been proved that vascular endothelial growth factor 165(VEGF165) and bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP2) can accelerate the vascularization synergistically.OBJECTIVE:To construct the vectors, pDsVEGF165Red1-N1 and pIRES2-BMP2-enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) followed by co-transfected into HEK 293-T cells,and study their expression and location of VEGF165and BMP2 in the cells.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING: National Key Laboratory,Institute of Surgery Research,Daping Hospital,Third Military Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at National Key Laboratory,Institute of Surgery Research,Daping Hospital,Third Military Medical University from September 2002 to March 2004. pcDNA3.1\BMP2 ( gift of Dr.Bostrom, UCLA School of Mediine, Los Angeles,USA).pDsRed1-N1(gift of Pro. Roger Y.Tisen,University of California,San Diego,USA). pUC18/VEGF165,293-T cells(preserved by our Laboratory).METHODS: According to the nucleotide sequence of hVEGF165, the primers were designed.The hVEGF165 gene without stop codon was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The fragment digested was cloned into the expression vector pDsRed1-N1.Meantime,the pIRES2-BMP2-EGFP expression vector was constructed.The two plasmids were co-transfected into HEK 293-T cells.The co-expression and distribution of the VEGF165and BMP2 were observed with confocal laser microscopy (CLSM) and detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blotting.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Identification of the recombinant plasmids and the expressing mRNA and protein in 293-T cells.RESULTS: The recombinant plasmids were verified correct construction by restriction enzyme analysis, PCR and sequencing. The two genes which were co-transfected could express in HEK 293-T cells.The co-expression of the report genes,RFP and EGFP, were found over the cytoplasm and in the nuclei by CLSM.CONCLUSION: Two report gene expression vectors contain VEGF165 and BMP2 have been constructed successfully, which can be co-expressed in HEK 293-T cells. Thus, they can provide important and convenient tool to study intracellular interaction of VEGF165 and BMP2.

· Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in individuals aged over 65 in the United States and other industrialized nations. Till now, we have limited choices of treatment for this kind of disease. Treatment available can be grouped into two major categories: physical and pharmacological therapies. The former received extensive attention with little success whereas the latter attract new attention with great hope of success. The pharmacological therapies indude photodynamic therapy (PDT), steroids, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, extracellular matrix (ECM) modifiers, gene therapy, nutrition supplements, choroidal blood flow facilitators and the like. PDT treatment is the only available effective treatment for certain forms of neovascular AMD. Anecortave acetate,as a synthetic derivative of cortisol, might stabilize vision in patients with predominantly classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) for up to 6mo through subtenon juxtascleral depot application. Intravitreous injection of VEGF aptamer stabilized or improved vision in 87.5% of patients with subfoveal CNV 3mo after treatment. Malfunction of choroidal blood flow is found in early stage of AMD. Elevation of intravascular pressure is the crucial hemodynamic factor in age-related macular degeneration, resulting in a decrease of the blood flow of choriocapillaries. Chain reactions are triggered which lead to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration,Bruch's membrane breakdown, CNV formation, AMD and blindness in the end. Therefore, specific drugs that can increase the choroidal blood flow could be very useful to prevent the AMD from developing and worsening. Although most of them are still in the experimental stage,it is hopeful to find a way to treat AMD at the early stage and to prevent the disease to be triggered and developed.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of laparoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair with low-pressure pneumoperitoneum without using stapling devices.Methods A total of 38 patients with reducible inguinal hernia underwent laparoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair in our hospital from January 2006 to February 2007.Three abdominal trocars were introduced into the extraperitoneal cavity.An 11-mm trocar was placed at the lower border of the umbilicus,and the other two sized 5.5 mm were at the upper and lower 1/3 of the line between the umbilicus and the pubic symphysis,respectively.Then,low-pressure(6-8 mm Hg) CO2 was insufflated into the extraperitoneal cavity.Non-traumatic forceps was used to create an operative space from the hilum to the pubic symphysis and the diseased inguinal area.The hernia sac and the fabrics around it were disconnected.For big hernia sacs,the sac was ligated,cut at the cervix,and then left at its original site.While for small hernia sacs,it was dissociated and put back into the abdominal cavity.Afterwards,a patch sized 12 cm ? 15 cm was placed into the cavity,stretched,and attached to the abdominal wall,covering the annulus inguinalis profundus,Hesselbach triangle,and the femoral ring,without using stapling devices.After the operation,the patients received sandbag compression at the operative area and were kept in bed with urethral catheter for 24 hours. Results The operation was successfully accomplished in all the 38 cases without conversion to open surgery.The operation time was 45-85 min(mean,56 min).The intraoperative blood loss was 5-10 ml.After the operation,seroma occurred in 4 cases,and perforation in 2.No subcutaneous emphysema,hypercapnia,intestinal injury,neuralgia,or hemorrhage was found.The patients were followed up for 6 to 19 months(mean,10.5 months),and no recurrence occurred.Conclusions It is feasible to use laparoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair with low-pressure pneumoperitoneum without using stapling devices.The method is associated with few complications and confirmed efficacy.

Objective To study the feasibility,superiority and curative effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy with fibrous sheath and Swiss LithoClast Master (EMS Ⅲ) through T-tube tract for retained choledocholithiasis. Methods This study involved 32 patients with hepatolithiasis who were treated in our hospital from August 2004 to August 2007. By combining percutaneous nephrolithotomy (with a fibrous sheath on) and Swiss LithoClast Master (EMS Ⅲ) through a T-tube tract,retained choledocholithiasis was removed. Results The 32 patients totally underwent 36 operations. The mean operation time was 43 minutes (ranged from 33 to 78 minutes). In 28 of the cases,the stones were extracted completely by one session; and 2 were cured by two operations. The final stone-free rate was 94% (30/32). Follow-up was carried out in all the patients for 26 to 48 months (mean,29 months),during which no patients developed abdominal pain,jaundice or fever,no recurrence was detected by B-ultrasonography. Two patients showed residual stones after the treatment,one of them received Roux-en-Y hepatocholangioenterostomy because of extensive multiple biliary stones in the liver,which could no be removed completely after three sessions of nephrolithotomy; another patient who was a 70-year old man refused the secondary operation and thus retained a few stones in the right inferior lobe of the liver. In this series of 32 cases,no bile duct tear,massive hemorrhage,biliary leakage,cholangitis or abdominal distension occurred. Conclusions It is a safe,convenient,and simple method to combine percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Swiss LithoClast Master via T-Tube tract for retained choledocholithiasis. The procedure results in less pain in patients,and reduced equipment spoilage,while the cost is low. As the surgery is easy to perform,it is worth being widely used.

Objective In order to explore the relationship between the “Wits" appraisal and the ANB angle, and to see how accurately one can predict the “Wits”. Methods Given the ANB, lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken on 50 boys and 50 girls between the ages of 11～13. Results Each subject had no treatment either a Class Ⅰ or Class Ⅱ malocclusion, a good growth pattern. Group Ⅰ , 13 subjects of 100 had ANB≤1.5°, and negative “Wits” appraisal; group Ⅱ , 61 subjects had 5.8°＞ANB＞1.5°, and “Wits” appraisal either positive or negative; group Ⅲ , 26 subjects had ANB angle≥5.8°, and positive “Wits” appraisal. Statistically analysis showed that there was no sig nificant difference in sex (P＞0.05); there was significant correlation between the ANB and “Wits” values in the group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ (P ＜0. 05); there was statistical significance in regression analysis in the group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P ＜0. 05). We could predict the “Wits” with 21％ accuracy in group Ⅱ. Conclusion The results indicate that these figures are statistically significant but clinically irrelevant.