OBJECTIVE:To research the correlation between per capita disposable income,investment of pharmaceutical advertisement,people’s healthy level,pharmaceutical price and the demand of drugs in China METHODS:Based on the economical theory,the methods of the econometrics and the Eviews were adopted to establish the model of demand function RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Under the background of the non-full competition,the improvement of people’s living conditions can lead to the demand of drugs The changes of drug price have little influence on the demand of drugs

The coronary collateral circulation is an alternative source of blood supply to the myocardium jeopardized by failure of the original vessel to provide adequate flow. Angiogenesis growth factors induce angiogenesis to promote collateral circulation, been demonstrated in a number of different animal test and phase Ⅰ clinical experience to induce collateralization in the ischemic area and improve cardiac function. Although there are several unsolved questions, the pharmacologic use of angiogenesis growth factors will represent a viable therapeutic alternative for the patients with ischemic heart disease.

By generalizing the integrity crisis of college students,the article analyzes the causes of this phenomenon,and proposes a series of measures aiming at strengthening integrity education,establishing the favorable environment,completing the mechanism of rewards and punishments and building the credit system,in the hope of securing the deepening and full completion of good-faith education at college,both ideologically and systematically.

Objective To find the inpact(s) of Losartan on myocardial apoptosis in rats with heart failure. Methods Eight-week-old male SD rats were divided into control group(group C),heart failure(group HF) and treatment group(group LS). Use of doxorubicin injection model,group LS at the same time in a row to the oral losartan,myocardial ultrastructure was examined by TEM. DNA-situ terminal labeling (TUNEL method) was used to detect myocardial apoptosis and myocardial BAX,BCL-2 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.ResultsGroup HF showed significant myocardial cell injury,and apoptotic bodies were found,serum CPK,CK-MB and LDH were increased. In LS group,myocardial apoptosis index was lower (P

Objective To study the expression of E-cadherin protein and Snail protein in the labial glands of patients with primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome(pSS) and to analyze their roles in the pathogenesis of pSS.Methods The expression of E-cadherin protein and Snail protein were detected by immunohistochemical method.The labial glands were obtained from 50 patients with pSS and 30 healthy controls.The data was analyzed by Chi-Square test,Fisher's exact probability and Spearman's rank correlation analysis.Results The expression rate of E-cadherin in the labials gland of the patients with pSS were lower than that in normal salivary tissues (x2=14.651,P＜0.01).The positive rates of Snail in the labial glands of the patients with PSS were 40％ and it's expression rates were significantly higher than those in normal salivary tissues (x2=28.800,P＜0.01).There was a negative correlation between lymphocyte focus score and the expression of E-cadherin (P＜0.01) and a positive correlation between lymphocyte focus score and the expression of Snail in pSS group (P＜0.01).There was a negative correlation between the expression of E-cadherin and Snail (rs=-0.484,P＜0.01).Conclusion The interaction of E-cadherin and Snail may have played an important role in the pathogenesis of PSS.

Objective To study the effectiveness of long-range electrocardio-monitoring system for aged people outside the hospital.Methods Long-range electrocardio-monitoring network system was adopted to perform monitoring 3 times every day for 320 retired leaders in Tianjin.Results The coincidence rate was 92.4%,and the morbidity rate 1.1%.Conclusion The long-range electrocardio monitoring network system can transfer patient's real-time information.Patients can be monitored by hospital at any time and in any place.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of P3a and P3b which are the subcomponents of P300 event-related potential in patients with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) ,and to investigate the relations between P3a,P3b and the changes of cognitive function and cerebral blood flow. Methods Thirty patients with VCI and twenty two normal subjects were tested for P3a and P3b cognitive function ischemic focus and cerebral blood flow and then analyzed for correlation. Results (1) The latency of P3a ((446 ± 71) ms, (429 ± 67) ms, (446±61)ms,(428±66)ms)and P3b((496 ±73)ms,(478 ±75)ms,(498 ±77)ms,(483 ±77)ms) was significantly prolonged in patients with VCI compared with that in normal subjects in all recorded regions(P<0.01) . The amplitude of P3a in patients with VCI ((3.3 ±2.6)μV,(3.3 ± 1.8)μV) was significantly lower than that in normal subjects in Fz and Pz (P<0.01) ,and the amplitude of P3b in patients with VCI((4.5 ±2.5)μV,(6.4 ± 3.8)μV,(5.3 ±3.8)μV,(5. 3 ±3.0)μV) was significantly lower than that in normal subjects in all recorded regions (P < 0.01 or P<0.05) . (2) The latency of P3a and P3b in patients with VCI was negatively related to the scores of sub items of attention and MMSE total scores (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the amplitude of P3a was positively related to the scores of MMSE total scores(P<0.05) ,the amplitude of P3b was positively related to the scores of attention and MMSE total scores(P<0.05). (3) The latency of P3a in patients with VCI was positively related to frontal lobe(P<0.05) ,and the latency of P3b was positively related to parietal lobe(P<0.05). (4) The latency of P3a in patients with VCI was positively related to RILMCA,RILACA and RIRACA(P<0.05 orP<0.01) ,the latency of P3b was positively related to RILMCA,RIRMCA and RIRACA(P<0.05 orP<0.01) ,and the amplitude of P3a was positively related to RILACA(P<0.01). Conclusion P3a and P3b are good objective indexes for testing the descent of cognitive function in patients with VCI,which can provide reference basis for the clinical diagnosis.

Nonglomerular synapses in the neuropil of the substantia gelatinosa of adult ratspinal trigeminal nucleus were subjected to electron microscopic examination. Nonglomerular synapses in the substantia gelatinosa were associated with four main types of axonal terminals. On the basis of vesicle shapes, these were classified as round vesicle, elongate vesicle, pleomorphie vesicle, and dense cored vesicle terminals. The category of round vesicle terminals could be subdivided into large round vesicle terminals and small round vesicle terminals according to their different size of synaptic vesicles. Nonglomerular synapses included four types, i. e. axodendritic, axo-axonic, dendro-dendritic and dendro-axonic synapses. Of these, the majority of synapses were axodendritie. The functional significance of the classification of these synapses and their axonal terminals had been discussed.

Large dense core vesicle in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis of the rat has been observed electron microscopically. It is fixed in glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide following removal of the skin of the vibrissae areas. The findings of the present study are: 1.Morphological evidence for exocytosis of large dense core vesicle from non-synaptic sites of the axonal terminal has been presented.2. The large coated vesicles equipped with central densities derived from the invagination of the plasma membrane. These observations suggest that membrane recycling occur at location in the terminal via these coated vesicles.3.Some large dense core vesicles may also form the tubular structures which may represent smooth endoplasmic reticulum containing dense material. This study supports the hypothesis that release of the transmitter of the great dense core vesicles occur at nonsynaptic sites by exocytosis.

Objective To study the mechanism of haze formation after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods 27 adult New Zealand white rabbits were employed in this study.24 of them received PRK in the right eye and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in the left eye at the same time and under the same condition for -10\^00D ablation at once,24hour,1 week,2 week,1month,3 month,6 month and 12 month after surgery,the corneas were examined periodically by slip\|lamp microscopy for haze formation,and the both eyes of 3 rabbits were enucleated,the corneas were studies with light microscopy;transmission electron microscopy;immunohistochemical evaluation for extracellular matrix,including collagen type Ⅰ,type Ⅲ,type Ⅵ,cellular fibronection,tenascin and laminin;RT\|PCR detection for mRAN of collagen type Ⅰ. Results The incidence of haze was 100% after PRK.No haze formation after LASIK.Haze was located at the anterior stroma immediately adjacent to the ablated areas.The change of structure and composition which correlated with haze formation was due to a combination of the following factors:the basement membrane of corneal epithelium was discontinuous;A new layer of subepithelium tissue was synthesized;fibroblast was increased in number and activated;the collagen fibrils were disorganized.The diameter of fibrils and the space between the fibrils were irregular in the anterior stroma;The newly synthesized extracellular matrix inculding collagen type Ⅰ,type Ⅲ,type Ⅵ,cellular fibronection,tenascin and laminin were deposited in the anterior corneal stroma.Conclusion\ The formation and disappearing of haze was the result of interreaction between fibroblast and extracellular matrix.The destruction of basement membrane of corneal epithelium and Bowmen's member after PRK is initializing factor during haze formation.\;[