Object To study on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Iphigenia indica Kunth. Methods Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was applied to detect DNA fingerprints of three populations of I. indicafrom Yunnan Province. Results Twenty primers were screened, and a total of 120 DNA fragments were amplified ranging from 0.2-3 kb, among which 71 (59.17%) were polymorphic. The average number of DNA band produced by each primer was 3.55. The Shannon index was (0.199 4) in Ca population, 0.200 7 in Cb population, 0.254 8 in Cc population, respectively; the average value of populations was 0.218 3. The Shannon index was 0.288 6 in species. Nei's genetic identity was 0.930 9 between Ca and Cb, 0.932 7 between Ca and Cc, 0.946 6 between Cb and Cc. G_(st) within population was (0.204 4.) Conclusion For the establishment of protective tactic and measure, and of the standard of good agriculture practice (GAP) growth and heredity breeding, RAPD analysis provides I. indicawith theoretical foundation and basal data.

Metabolic diseases information consulting provides its clients with data and insight to help translation information medicine product development plans:for clinical,diagnosis,biologics,medical devices/combination products.Understanding the mechanisms by which specific protein functions contribute to metabolic disease pathogenesis is a great challenge.The barcode is the common nominator and identifier of a sample.This code can be utilized in both 2D form,capturing important identifiers for each sample type and origin.Visual database informational system,to impact on the quality of the analysis data generated.Our ultimate motivation lies in helping you to advance the translation medicine success of our hospital,and to optimize the benefit they provide to patients in need.

Blood-brain barrier is a natural protection for human body. It protects central nervous system from the interruption and damage of xenobiotics. However, it prevents potential drugs aimed at central nervous system, thus becomes an obstruction for the development of central nervous system drugs. The recent development of blood-brain barrier permeability research and several lead optimization strategies to improve blood-brain barrier permeability are reviewed. These structure optimization methods include increasing lipophilicity, reducing hydrogen bond doners, simplifying molecule, increasing rigidity, lowering polar surface area, avoiding acid group, prodrug strategy, modifying into active transporter's substrates, as well as avoiding P-glycoprotein recognized structures.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Central Nervous System ; drug effects ; Central Nervous System Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Permeability ; Xenobiotics ; adverse effects

Blood-brain barrier is a natural protection for human body. It protects central nervous system from the interruption and damage of xenobiotics. However, it prevents potential drugs aimed at central nervous system, thus becomes an obstruction for the development of central nervous system drugs. The recent development of blood-brain barrier permeability research and several lead optimization strategies to improve blood-brain barrier permeability are reviewed. These structure optimization methods include increasing lipophilicity, reducing hydrogen bond doners, simplifying molecule, increasing rigidity, lowering polar surface area, avoiding acid group, prodrug strategy, modifying into active transporter's substrates, as well as avoiding P-glycoprotein recognized structures.

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of methazolamide in treating refractory uveitic macular edema.METHODS: Retrospective self-controlled study was designed.A total of 15 patients (20 eyes) with refractory uveitic macular edema which used methazolamide as adjuvant therapy were enrolled in Shanghai First People`s Hospital from January 2015 to June 2016.The changes of central macular thickness (CMT) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were observed at baseline and 2, 4, 8wk after treatment.We also focused on the incidence of complications and relapse.RESULTS: The CMT was 445.95±154.10μm, 338.83±138.34μm, 251.50±40.20μm, 244.90±35.68μm at baseline, 2, 4 and 8wk after treatment, respectively.The differences among them were statistically significant (F=15.467, P<0.05).The BCVA (log MAR) were 0.40±0.17, 0.28±0.21, 0.19±0.20, 0.18±0.21 at baseline, 2, 4 and 8wk respectively, with a significant difference among them (F=5.208, P<0.05).When the cumulative dose reached to 700mg and 1400mg, no one had methazolamide-related complications;and when it came to 2800mg, 5 patients (33%) had methazolamide-related complication.After the withdrawal of methazolamide 1wk, 1 and 3mo, 3 patients (20%), 5 patients (33%) and 8 patients (53%) relapsed, respectively.CONCLUSION: Methazolamide is beneficial in improving macular edema and vision in 4wk.When the cumulative dose is more than 1400mg, we need pay attention to the complications.After discontinuing methazolamide for 1wk, macular edema relapsed in some patients, and more than half of patients recurred after 3mo.So the patients should be followed closely in 3mo after withdrawal of methazolamide.

Objective To observe and classify the structure of the circle of Willis by using magnetic resonance angiographic(MRA)method. Methods A total of 2104 MRA head images from October 2013 to May 2015 in Shenyang Weikang Hospital was retrospective analyzed ,and the structure was classified by anterior circle or posterior circle according to the actual situation of the cerebral basilar artery. Results According to the origin of anterior cerebral artery and whether there was anterior communicating artery or not ,anterior circle was classified into three types:type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. Type Ⅱ was classified into two subtypes,namely,type ⅡR and type ⅡL. Posterior circle,on the basis of whether there was posterior communicating artery or not,was classified into three types,which were type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. According to the origin of posterior cerebral artery,type Ⅰ was classified into four subtypes,including type ⅠB,type ⅠC,type ⅠRC and type ⅠLC;type Ⅱ was classified into eight subtypes,including type ⅡBR,type ⅡBL,type ⅡCR,type ⅡCL,type ⅡRCR,type ⅡRCL,type ⅡLCR and type ⅡLCL;type Ⅲ was classified into four subtypes,including type ⅢB,type ⅢC,type ⅢRC,type ⅢLC. Conclusion There is a correlation among the different types of cerebral basi-lar artery,and each type of artery has their own sources of blood supply and the traits of communication compensation. When the anterior circle and posterior circle were both type Ⅲ,the complete ring structure of cerebral basilar artery,namely the circle of Willis,was formed. The existing rate of the circle of Willis was about 10.7%. Understanding of the differences among the individual types of arteries has great significance to the prevention and treatment of the cerebrovascular disease.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of treatment of sudden deafness using hyperbaric oxygenation, and to provide guidance for its treatment. Methods:The studies about sudden deafness treated with hyperbaric oxygenation combined with drug were retrieved in Cochrane Library, PubMed , MEDLINE, Wanfang Database and CNKI up to July 2016.RavMan 5.3 provided by Cochrane was used for Meta-analysis.Results:Thirty-nine studies which were randomized controlled trials (RCTs)were included, a total of 4 599 cases,of which 2 418 cases received hyperbaric oxygenation therapy combined with drug treatment as treatment group and 2 181 cases received drug treatment alone as control group.A total of 36 studies about the comparison of clinical efficacy between treatment group and control group were included in the Meta-analysis, the result showed that treatment group had a significant clinical efficacy than control group(RR:1.26,95%CI:1.22-1.30,P<0.0001).A total of 6 studies about the improvement of the pure tone average(PTA)in the two groups were included in the Meta-analysis, the PTA gain was significant better in hyperbaric oxygenation group(WMD:11.8,95%CI:4.77-18.83,P<0.000 1).A total of 11 studies about the stage of using hyperbaric oxygenation therapy were included in the Meta-analysis, the result suggested that the early use of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy had better effect than the late use of hyperbaric oxygenation (RR:1.42,95%CI:1.31-1.53,P<0.000 01).Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygenation combined with drug therapy is better than drug therapy alone, the PTA gain is significantly improved and the introduction of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy at the earlier stage shows better results.

[Objective]To retrospectively analyze the results of plasma-mediated coblation in treating cervical disc herniation.[Method]From January 2003 to April 2006,127 symptomatic cases(197 disc levels)with cervical contained disc herniation were treated with plasma-mediated coblation technology,including 81 males and 46 females,their average age was 49 years,the treated disc levels were 17 in C3、4,61 in C4、5,90 in C5、6 and 29 in C6、7 ,respectively.All patients were reported to have persistent cervical or unilateral arm pain for a minimum of three months and failed previous conservative treatment.MRI showed herniated cervical disc causing focal compression of the nerve root.An average percentage of symptom relief(VAS score)and subjective satisfaction were administered to measure symptoms at all visits.[Result]In the immediate post-operative period,124 patients reported significant amelioration of symptoms,3 patients complained of arm numbness did not change clinical status,one week after operation,percentage of symptom relief was 64%,perfect rate of subjective satisfaction was 91%.Patients were followed up for average 18 months(range 6～31 months)postoperatively.Percentage of symptom relief was 47%,perfect rate of subjective satisfaction was 62%.In the last follow-up,7 patients were observed a stabilization of clinical status over 2 years and in 15 patients the status was similar to preoperation.The other patients referred some residual symptoms and were still under follow-up.There were no complications observed such as hemorrhages,infections and nerve root injurys due to the procedure.[Conclusion]Our data indicate coblation procedure appearing to be less injury,safety,is a promising treatment option for patients with contained cervical disc herniation who have failed conservative therapies and are not considered candidates for open surgery,also supplementary therapy perioperatively in patients treated with cervical open surgery.

Objective To investigate the change of serum insulin like growth factor Ⅰ (IGF Ⅰ) level in newly diagnosed senile patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) before and after regular insulin (RI) therapy. Methods Body mass index, blood pressure (BP), 24 hour urinary microalbumin (24hUAlb), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hour postprandial blood glucose (P2hBG), serum insulin (Ins) and C peptide (C P), HbA 1c and IGF Ⅰ were measured in 60 senile type 2 DM patients newly diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 40 healthy senile subject (controls); RI 8 U, 6 U, 6 U were injected to type 2 DM patients before three meals respectively. Two days later, above tests were repeated. Insulin resistance index (IR) was calculated. Results The serum IGF Ⅰ levels were (349.0?49.5)?g/L in control group, (231.8?64.4)?g/L and (294.2?46.2)?g/L in patient group before and after RI therapy, The IGF Ⅰ level was significantly lower before RI therapy than that of controls (P

Objective To analyze the polymorphisms of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) gene Exon1 and Exon25,GPI-PLD activity of leucocyte in peripheral blood and their relationship in systemic lupus erythematosus patients of Han nationality in Hunan Chinese.Methods The polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-SSCP and sequencing. GPI-PLD levels were determined by using glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) as substrate and triton-X114 partioning.Results There were fourteen variations in the coverage of GPI-PLD gene Exon 1 of both 109 healthy persons' and 62 systemic lupus erythematosus patients',including seven variations at transcriptional start site upstream and seven variations at Exon1. The codons of variation were 14TTG→AAG (Leu14Lys),17CTC→GTC (Leu17Val),20AGA→AAA (Arg20Lys),21GGT→GGG (Gly21Gly),30GTA→ATA (Val30Ile),which leaded to four missense mutations and one synonymous mutation. In addition, the frequency of the variation at transcriptional start site upstream -24 C→T was significantly different between healthy control and systemic lupus erythematosus patients. At meanwhile, there was a variation in Exon25, the +60496 G→A, between two groups. The total various frequency, which was determined by SSCP, of healthy person was 33 03 percent and systemic lupus erythematosus patient was 25 81 percent. On the basis of the percentage of GPI-anchored PLAP conversion, the leucocyte GPI-PLD activities of total 62 systemic lupus erythematosus patients were measured. As compared with 109 healthy persons as control group, the leukocyte GPI-PLD activities of systemic lupus erythematosus patients were significantly raised, but GPI-PLD activities were not correlated with polymorphism sites significantly.Conclusions The leukocyte GPI-PLD gene in peripheral blood, which belongs to healthy persons and systemic lupus erythematosus patients of Han mationality in Hunan Chinses,is polymorphism.The frequency of transcriptional start site upstream -24 is significantly different between healthy control and systemic lupus erythematosus patients.The leukocyte GPI-PLD activeties of patients' also significantly increase.