Objective To investigate the expression of GRP78 and caspase-12 on the auditory cortex and to study the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the auditory cortex neuron apoptosis after the brain ischemia reperfusion injury in guinea pig.Methods Fifty healthy male guinea pigs were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups which were hormal group group A(reperfusion for 6 hours),group B(reperfusion for 12 hours),group C (reperfusion for 24 hours),group D(reperfusion for 72 hours).The cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model was produced by the occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries.The guinea pigs were sacrificed at reperfusion of 6, 12,24,and 72 hours respectively after they received ABR tests.The pathological changes were observed by HE and the levels of GRP78 and caspase-12 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results The hearing thresholds increased gradually from the normal group to group B,and decreased gradually from group C to group D,but the thresholds of group D were still higher than that of the normal group.HE staining showed that the neurons in the normal control group were arranged in order,the cytoplasm was abundant,large and round.The cells were stained clearly.After reperfusion,the number of neurons in each time point was decreased,the nucleus presented atrophic,fragmented,the disappeared.The expression of GRP78 and caspase-12 protein in normal con-trol group was only a trace or a small amount by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.The expression of GRP78 and caspase-12 began to inerease.The expression of GRP78 reached the peak at reperfusion of 12 hours and de-creased gradually.There were significant statistic differences between each group comparison.The expression of caspase-12 reached the peak at reperfusion of 24 hours,then decreased gradually.There was no statistic difference between group A and group B.There were significant statistic differences anong other groups.Conclusion Endo-plasmic reticulum stress(ERS)may be induced by brain ischemia reperfusion injury,and can increase the expression of GRP78 and caspase-12.GRP78 and caspase-12 participate in the process of neuron apoptosis on auditory cor-tex caused by ERS.

Objective To explore the effects of three- stage swallowing rehabilitation on the swallowing a-bility of stroke patients with dysphagia. Methods 60 stroke patients were divided into primary cerebral infarction and primary cerebral hemorrhage groups, then further divided into treated and control groups randomly. All groups were given the same routine internal medicine treatment. Patients in the treated group were given three stage swallo-wing rehabilitation training additionally. All patients were assessed using Caiteng's Grading Method at the outset and at the end of the 2nd week, the Ist month and the 2nd month. Results Swallowing function scores in the treated groups were higher than those in the control groups at every stage (P≤0.05). The treated groups' scores also im-proved more quickly than those in the control groups. Conclusion Three stage swallowing rehabilitation can signifi-cantly improve stroke patients' swallowing function.

ObjectiveTo investigate the improvement of speech in patients with increased blood pressure(BP) and stable blood pressure during speech therapy. MethodsAfter monitoring blood pressure with dynamic blood-pressure meter during speech therapy, patients were divided into increased BP group and stable BP group. Patients received two-month speech therapy, then their score changes in ABC examination of pre-treatment and post-treatment were compared. ResultsIn oral expression, score changes in increased BP group were significantly different from those in stable BP group (P<0.05). In listening comprehension, score changes had no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05). Conclusions Patients in increased blood pressure group progressed obviously in oral expression.

Objective To investigate whether the monthly distribution of birth was associated with congenital heart disease(CHD).Methods The monthly distribution of birth of 5 070 patients with CHD who accepted examination or treatment from Jan.2003 to Dec.2006 was investigated and compared with that of 6 627 healthy newborn children born in 2001-2006.The statistic analysis was accomplished with SPSS 12.0 software for ?2 test.Results Four hundred and forty-four of the 5 070 patients with CHD were born in January(8.8%),432 cases in February(8.5%),384 cases in March(7.6%),339 cases in April(6.7%),390 cases in May(7.7%),393 cases in June(7.8%),414 cases in July(8.2%),489 cases in August(9.6%),498 cases in September(9.8%),492 cases in October(9.7%),396 cases in November(7.8%),and 399 cases in December(7.8%).The structural ratio of the number of CHD patients were the highest for those who were born in August,September,October,and the lowest among those who were born of February and March,April.The number of CHD patients who were born in the autumnal months of August,September and October was 1 479(29.1%),much higher than those who were born in February,March and April(1 155 cases,22.8%)(P

Objective To elucidate the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) patients and provide the evidence for treatment of these patients. Methods Clinical data of 358 inpatients with CKD from stage 1 to stage 5 were analyzed retrospectively. Level of 25 (OH)D3 in these inpatients, as well as the levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), hemoglobin (Hb), serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN), carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP), alhumin (Alb), serum calcium (Ca) and blood serum (P) were examined. Correlation between 25 (OH)D3 and parameters was analyzed. Results The mean level of 25 (OH)D3 in these CKD patients was (18.58±11.7) μg/L, which was significantly lower than that of normal reference (P<0.01). The 25(OH )D3 levels of CKD patients from stage 1 to stage 5 were (25.84±9.71) μg/L, (20.76±6.99) μg/L, (20.40±17.02) μg/L, (19.49±11.29) μg/L, and (14.16±7.98) μg/L respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D defieiency was 39.66%, and from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 was 5.00%, 17.50%, 37.21%, 42.37% and 57.14%. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 44.97%, and from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 was 72,50%, 47.50%, 45.35%, 33.90% and 40.60%. The prevalence of decreased vitamin D level was 84.63%, and from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 was 77.50%, 65.00%, 82.56%, 76.27% and 97.74%. Single factor correlation analysis showed 25 (OH)D3 was correlated with Hb, Alb, Scr, eGRF and iPTH. Regression analysis indicated that 25 (OH)D3 was negatively correlated with iPTH and Scr, and positively correlated with Alb. According to K/DOQI, percentage of CKD patients from stage 3 to stage 5 who were consistent with vitamin D treatment was 87.20%, 83.05% and 26.31% based on 25 (OH)3 and iPTH levels, but such percentage was 16.28%, 35.59% and 26.31% based on iPTH level only. Conclusions The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in patients with CKD is quite high. Alia, iPTH and Scr are key factors influencing vitamin D level. Vitamin D level should be measured among CKD patients in order to carry out corresponding treatment.

Objective To study the mechanism of endoplamic reticulum stress(ERS)pretreatment induced by 2-DG on the auditory cortex injury after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods The SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,sham group,I/R group,and ERS pretreatment group. Tread occlusion was used to prepare the model of MCAO in the mice for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Neurological assessment was exercised and brain infarction volume was evaluated. The auditory brainstem response was tested. The pathological changes were observed by HE staining. Neurocyte apoptosis was observed by Tunel ,and the apop-tosis index(AI)was determined. Expression of GRP78 and Caspase-12 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the sham group,the neurological scores,ratio of infarct volume and the hearing thresh-olds in I/R group increased significantly. HE staining showed the normal structure disappeared ,and apoptotic index increased significantly. Expression of GRP78 and Caspase-12 protein significantly up-regulated. Compared with I/R group,the indicators above showed improvement to some degrees. Conclusions The ERS pretreatment can alleviate the ischemia-reperfusion injury and neuron apoptosis in auditory cortex ,and reduce the possibility of hearing loss.

Due to the irregular of diet and overfeeding greasy and surfeit flavor closely associated with hyperuricemia disease, the lipid emulsion containing high cholesterol was used to model. To obtain a more stable and sustained animal model for the efficacy evaluation of traditional Chinese herbs, we observed the influence on the serum uric acid of rat induced by the lipid emulsion compared with high purine diet. 36 SD male rats were randomized to the normal control group, high purine diet group and lipid emulsion group respectively. The general behavior, body weight and daily food intake of rats were observed. The orbital blood was taken to separate into the serum and 24 hours urine was collected. The serum indexes such as UA, BUN, Cr, ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-c were determined every 2 weeks, and XOD, ADA enzyme activity were determined at the 4th week. The urine indexes such as UA, Cr and Cua/Ccr were determined at the 4th week. After stopping modeling, the serum UA were determined two weeks and four weeks later respectively. At the 2nd week, the body weight and daily food intake of rats in the lipid emulsion group reduced significantly, and the level of serum UA, BUN, Cr, TC, LDL-c, ATL, AST raised significantly meanwhile TG reduced. At the 4th week, the serum UA in high purine diet group did not raise, and the serum XOD raised obviously while ADA did not; the serum UA in lipid emulsion group was higher significantly, and the serum XOD and ADA raised while Cua/Ccr reduced obviously. At the 6th weeks, the serum UA in both the high purine diet group and lipid emulsion group raised obviously. After stopping modeling, the serum UA in lipid emulsion group still maintained a high level at the 2nd week and back to the normal level at the 4th week. Compared with high purine diet, the hyperuricemia model induced by lipid emulsion forms earlierand more stable. It maybe has great value to study the pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicine treatment to hyperuricemia disease. Its mechanism may be related to increasing XOD and ADA enzyme activity which can promote uric acid synthesis, meanwhile inhibiting of uric acid excretion.
Animals ; Diet ; adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Emulsions ; adverse effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries, Gentianopsis barbata (Froel) Ma, and Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten, the three kinds of Digeda-species Mongolian medicinal materials belonging to the family Gentianaceae, bad been widely used for the treatment of liver diseases. To analyze comparatively the content of swertiamarin and swertisin among these three kinds of Digeda-species Mongolian medicinal materials. HPLC method was applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of swertiamarin and swertisin. The Phenomenex C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was used, chromatographic methanol and water as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.5 mL x min(-1) with UV detected at 237 nm, column oven temperature was 25 degrees C. Results showed that the contents of swertiamarin and swertisin were closely related the different species and producing areas. The content range of swertiamarin in L. rotatum from different habitats was 1.73% - 2.72%, 0.43% - 0.96% for the swertisin content; the content of swertiamarin in G. barbata from Alxa Left Banner was 0.38%, and the content of swertiamarin and swertisin in G. barbata from the others habitats and G. Acuta from different habitats were all detected qualitatively. The contents of swertiamarin and swertisin among these medicinal plants showed a significant difference due to the different species and producing areas. As a consequence, these medicinal plants should not be put together for clinical applications.
Apigenin ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; Gentianella ; chemistry ; classification ; Iridoid Glucosides ; analysis ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Mongolia ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Pyrones ; analysis

The clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation was systematically reviewed. By computerized and manual retrieval of clinical research literature regarding acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation, the randomized control trials (RCTs) that met the inclusive criteria were collected. Cochrane systematic review method was used and Revmen 5.2 software was adopted to perform this Meta analysis. Totally 8 articles were included, involving 610 cases of post-stroke constipation. As a result, the total effective rate and cured rate of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation were significantly superior to those of the control group [total effective rate: OR = 2.10, 95% CI (1.25, 3.54), Z = 2.78, P = 0.005; cured rate: OR = 2.37, 95% CI (1.57, 3.58), Z = 4.10, P < 0.0001]. This result indicated that acupuncture was effective for post-stroke constipation and had some advantages compared with other therapies. But the quality of included RCTs was low, and high-quality, large-sample and multi-center RCTs were needed to perform further verification.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Constipation ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

bowel preparation before LC is dispensable.Conventional preoperative procedure without bowel preparation does not increase operative risk and minimizes the patient' s discomfort during the clinical pathway of laparoscopic surgery.