Objective To provide a basis for humanity education in the university by a survey of clinical graduates' recognition of humanity education and humanity curriculum. Method An anony-mous questionnaire was adopted and 514 questionnaires were distributed to the 2014 clinical gradu-ates in Peking University Health Science Center about their understanding of humanity education and humanity curriculum. The investigation data was double entried in Epidata 3.1, apply SPSS 19.0 to make the descriptive analysis, chi-square test. Results 69.3% (167/241) students believed humanity education enhanced their professionalism and competency;52.7%(127/241) students believed humanity education enhanced their doctor-patient communication; 36.4% (174/478) students believed their hu-manity knowledge came from their instructors' personal example and teaching;31.1%(149/479) students said the best way of humanity education was through social practice;59.7%(286/479) students consid-ered the combination of classroom lecturing and discussion as the best way to humanity education. As to the major weaknesses in humanities education, 46.9%(113/241) students chose insufficient curriculum, 23.2%(56/241) chose lack of practical value and 23.7%(57/241) chose monotonous teaching methods;Conclusion The best approach to humanities teaching is to combine class lecture with class discus-sion. Besides, hidden curriculum also contributes to humanity education. The enhancement of clinical graduates education relies heavily on humanity education and its emphasis should be laid on the training of humanity teachers, the study of humanity curriculum and learning from other universities.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of gefitinib combined with Zhenqi Fuzheng capsule in treatment of senile non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at the middle and late stages. Methods88 patients with NSCLC at Ⅲ b-Ⅳ were randomly divided into combined drugs group ( gefitinib combined Zhenqi Fuzheng capsule,n =46 cases) and single drug group (gefitinib,n=42 cases).After treatment for 60 d,the short-term efficacy,side effects and quality of life were observed and evaluated. The objective response and survival rate were assessed after following up for 2 years. Results The short-term efficacy rate in the combined drugs group (19.6 ％ ) was higher than single drug group (11.9 ％ ),but there was no significant difference between the two groups (x2=0.096,P＞0.05).The rate of Karnofsky score in improvement and stableness was 71.7％ in combined drugs group and 50.0％ in single drug group,and quality of life improved after combined drugs compared with single drug treatment (x2 =4.376,P＜0.05).The adverse effects in combined drugs group was some lower than in single drug group with no statistical significance.There was no differences in the survival rates of 2 years between the two groups(x2 =0.556,P＞0.05). ConclusionsThe gefitinib combined Zhenqi Fuzheng capsule in treatment of middle-and late-stage NSCLC is worthy to be popularized due to positive efficacy,less side effects and higher quality of life.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical efficacy of Yiguanjian Decoction (YD) combined Adefovir Dipivoxil Tablet (ADT) in treating HBeAg negative chronic viral hepatitis B (CVHB) active compensated liver cirrhosis (LC) patients.

METHODSTotally 68 HBeAg negative CVHB active compensated LC patients initially treated were assigned to the treatment group and the control group using random digit table, 34 in each group. Patients in the control group took ADT alone, 10 mg each time, once per day. Those in the treatment group additionally took YD, one dose per day. The therapeutic course for all was 48 weeks. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil) were detected once in every two weeks. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA and four items of serum liver fibrosis [procollagen type I (PCN), hyaluronidase (HA), procollagen III peptide (PCIII), laminin (LN)] were detected once per every 4 weeks. Abdominal ultrasound B was performed before and after treatment. The inner diameter of the portal vein and the size of spleen were recorded. The fibrosis degree of liver was evaluated using Fibroscan. Efficacy of Chinese medicine (CM) was evaluated between the two groups before and after treatment using CM syndrome integrals. Efficacy of Western medicine (WM) was also evaluated between the two groups using Child-Pugh grading. Results Compared with before treatment in the same group, ALT and AST levels restored to normal levels, HBV-DNA turned negative (HBV-DNA < or = 1 x 10(2)) in the two groups after 48-week treatment. Besides, levels of TBil, ALB, PCIV, HA, PCIII, and LN obviously decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Results of ultrasound B showed the inner diameter of the portal vein and the size of spleen decreased. Fibroscan results showed that the elasticity value of the liver obviously decreased (P < 0.05). Besides, post-treatment levels of PCIV, HA, PCEJ, and LN, and the elasticity value of the liver decreased more obviously in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in post-treatment levels of ALT, AST, TBil, ALB, inner diameter of the portal vein, or the size of spleen between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment in the same group, scores of Chinese medical syndrome and Child-Pugh scores decreased in the two groups after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Besides, scores of Chinese medical syndrome decreased more obviously in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The effective rate was 8824% (30/34) in the treatment group, higher than that of the control group [67.65% (23/34)] with statistical difference (P <0.05). Conclusion Combined treatment of YD and ADT could significantly improve symptoms of CM and fibrosis degree of liver of HBeAg negative CVHB active compensated LC patients.

Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Bilirubin ; blood ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; virology ; Organophosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Tablets

Objective To determine the effect of smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) on renal tubular epithelial to mesenchymal transtion (EMT) induced by high glucose and to investigate the associated mechanism.Methods HK-2 cells were exposed to high glucose (30 mmol/L).HK-2 cells were transfected with the plasmids of wild-type SARA [SARA (WT)] or SARA mutant [SARA with SBD deletion,called SARA (dSBD)] and then was stimulated by high glucose.The gene expression was assayed by real-time PCR and the protein expression was detected by Western blotting.Results During the process of high glucose-induced EMT of HK-2 cells,the gene and protein expression of SARA were down-regulated.The expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 increased after stimulation of high glucose in HK-2.However,the Smad2 mRNA expression increased while its protein expression was down-regulated in a time-dependent manner.Smad2 and Smad3 were activated by high glucose stimulation and Smad3 kept activation for longer time than Smad2.Compared with high glucose group,over-expression of SARA by transfection of SARA (WT) up-regulated the expression of zona occludens(ZO)1 and down-regulated the expression of vimentin (P＜0.05).However,SARA (dSBD) had no such effects on above expressions.The Smad2 protein expression increased along with the over-expression of SARA.Meanwhile,over-expression of SARA prolonged the activation time of Smad2 and shortened the activation time of Smad3.Conclusions TGF-β1 signaling is activated and SARA expression is down-regulated during the process of high glucose-induced EMT in HK-2 cells.Over-expression of SARA can inhibit the EMT via increase of Smad2 protein expression and longer activation time of Smad2.

Objective:To evaluate the mortality and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients by the risk, injury, failure, loss, end stage kidney disease (RIFLE) and acute kidney injury network (AKIN).
Methods:We constructed a retrospective study of all AKI patients in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between February 2006 and January 2011. The diagnosis and classiifcation of AKI were reconifrmed and categorized by RIFLE and AKIN criteria. To compare the clinical characteristics, mortality and associated risk factors in AKI patients by the RIFLE and AKIN stage, univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Results:The patients were diagnosed as AKI by AKIN (n=1027) or by RIFLE criteria (n=1020). There was no signiifcant difference in the hospital mortality, hospital length stay (days), or the proportion of complete recovery in each stage of AKI patients by RIFLE and AKIN (P>0.05). In the univariate analysis, age, pre-renal causes, proportion of hospital acquired AKI, mechanical ventilation, hypotension, the number of failed organs, acute tubular necrosis-index severity score (ATN-ISS), and the peak of serum potassium ion concentration were signiifcantly higher in the non-survivors than in the survivors (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age older than 65, hospital acquired AKI, hypotension, number of failed organs, ATN-ISS scores, and the peak of serum potassium ion concentration were independent risk factors for hospital mortality. Conclusion:Both RIFLE and AKIN criteria have similar scientiifc value in assessing hospital mortality. AKI stage is associated with the recent prognosis of AKI patients.

Adult ; Exons ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To observe the prevalence of hyperuricemia(HUA)among obese children,and to ex-plore the association between uric acid(UA)levels and cardiometabolic risk factors,acanthosis nigricans and non - al-cohol fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Methods By using representative sampling method,1 753 obese children aged 6 -17 years old from 18 schools in 3 districts of Beijing(Xicheng,Haidian,Miyun)were selected to participate in the clini-cal examinations,including anthropometric measurements(height,weight)and blood pressure. Serum biochemical pa-rameters were assessed,including fasting plasma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high - densi-ty lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL - C),low - density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL - C)and UA. Acanthosis nigricans and B - model ultrasonography of the liver were conducted. Results The prevalence of hypertension,impaired fasting glu-cose,dyslipidemia,acanthosis nigricans,and NAFLD among these 1 753 obese children was 33. 6%(589 cases), 66. 5%(1 156 cases),54. 3%(943 cases),23. 3%(408 cases),and 17. 0%(298 cases),respectively. The preva-lence of HUA was 40. 70%(714 / 1 753 cases),with 50. 17%(581 / 1 158 cases)in boys and 22. 34%(133 / 595 ca-ses)in girls. There was a significant increase in body mass index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure, FPG,TG and LDL - C with the increase of UA,but there was a decrease in HLD - C with the increase of UA(all P ﹤0. 05). In boys,the adjusted odds ratios( OR)and 95% CI of the highest quartile of UA for hypertension,impaired fasting glucose,dyslipidemia,acanthosis nigricans,and NAFLD were 1. 16(0. 77 - 1. 74),1. 34(0. 90 - 1. 99),1. 29 (0. 89 - 1. 87),1. 89(1. 17 - 3. 04),and 1. 71(1. 03 - 2. 84),respectively;in girls,the adjusted OR and 95% CI of the highest quartile of UA for hypertension,impaired fas-ting glucose,dyslipidemia,acanthosis nigricans,and NAFLD was 0. 70(0. 40 - 1. 24),0. 60(0. 40 - 1. 00),1. 69(1. 04 - 2. 70),1. 67(0. 80 - 3. 49),and 1. 33(0. 48 - 3. 66),re-spectively. Conclusions The prevalence of HUA is relatively high in obese children and there is a strong association between UA and some car-diovascular metabolic disorders,acanthosis nigricans and NAFLD.

Objective To determine the effect of 2 transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression plasmids (pcDU6-A1-A2 and pcDU6-B1-B2) on proliferation, TGF-β1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and fibronectin (FN) expression induced by human serum albumin (HAS) in HK2 cells. Methods A vector plasmid containing the TGF-β1 shRNA was generated. An HK2 cell line was used in the study. The 2 TGF-β1 shRNA expression plasmids were transfected into cultured HK2 cells by lipofectamine 2000. Cellular proliferation was assessed by tetrazolium salt colorimetry. The semi-quantitative reverse transcriptive PCR was performed to detect the expression of TGF-β1,CTGF, and FN mRNA. Levels of TGF-β1 and FN protein were measured with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results After treating with 5 g/L HAS for 24 hours in HK2 cells, cellular proliferating capacity increased significantly (P＜0.05). The expression levels of TGF-β1, CTGF, and FN mRNA were upregulated in HK2 cells stimulated by 5 g/L HAS, and levels of TGF-β1 and FN protein in the culture supernatant increased (P＜0.05). The introduction of pcDU6-A1-A2 and pcDU6-B1-B2 resulted in significant reduction of cellular proliferation activity, and the expression levels of TGF-β1, CTGF, and FN mRNA were downregulated (P＜0.05). Levels of TGF-β1 and FN protein in the culture supernatant decreased (P＜0.05) after 12 or 24 hours of TGF-β1 shRNA transfection into HK2 cells There was no significant difference in the expression levels of TGF-β1, CTGF, and FN mRNA between the 2 pcDU6 vector plasmid mediated TGF-β1 shRNA groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion pcDU6 vector plasmid mediated TGF-β1 shRNAs could obviously inhibit the expression levels of TGF-β1, CTGF, FN and cellular proliferation stimulated by HAS in HK2 cells, which may be related to the mediation of TGF-β1.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Collagen Type IV ; blood ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; blood ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Laminin ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of budesonide/formoterol single inhaler combined with tiotropium bromide in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 80 cases of patients with stable COPD in China Aviation Industrial Xi'an Hospital from May 2014 to May 2016 were divided into observation group and control group,40 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated with budesonide/formoterol single inhaler,and in the observation group were treated with budesonide/formoterol single inhaler combined with tiotropium bromide.Compared the pulmonary function,life quality,serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) and interleukin 6 (IL-6),drug adverse reaction during the treatment and exacerbations episodes within the next six months.Results After treatment,the FEV1,FEV1/FVC,FEV1％ of two groups were significantly higher than before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and in the observation group were significantly higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).SGRQ scores,serum levels of MMP-9 and IL-6 of two groups were significantly lower than before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and these indexes in the observation group were significantly lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The differences in the adverse reaction rate of two groups has no significant,the number of acute exacerbation in observation group were significantly lower than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Budesonide/formoterol single inhaler combined with tiotropium bromide has remarkable clinical effect in stable COPD,and can effectively improve the pulmonary function,life quality,reduce the number of acute exacerbation,and reduce the serum levels of MMP-9,IL-6.