No abstract available.
Prostatectomy* ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia*

No abstract available.
Prostatectomy* ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia*

Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of adult periodontitis, the major cause of tooth loss in adults. Use of an antibacterial agent controlling P. gingivalis as a periodontal therapeutic agent has been rationalized. The present study was performed to observe the antibacterial effect of inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) on P. gingivalis. P. gingivalis 2561 was grown in half-strength brain-heart infusion broth containing hemin and vitamin K with or without polyP. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of polyP with various chain lengths was determined by measuring the absorbance of the grown cells at 540 nm. MIC of polyP for the bacterium was determined to be 0.05%. The effect of polyP with a chain length of 75 (polyP 75) was further examined. PolyP 75 added to the growing culture of P. gingivalis at its exponential phase was as effective in inhibiting the growth of P. gingivalis as polyP 75 added at the very beginning of the culture. More than 99% of the cells lost their viability determined by viable cell count when polyP 75 was added to the culture of growing P. gingivalis at the concentration of 0.06%, suggesting that polyP 75 has a bactericidal effect on the bacterium. Intracellular nucleotide release from the cells was increased by approx. 20% in the presence of polyP 75 but was not reversed by the addition of divalent cations like Ca++ and Mg++. Under the transmission electron microscope, only a small number of the growing P. gingivalis cells were actually lysed. However, the majority of the cells appeared to be atypical in their shape, demonstrating accumulation of highly electron-dense granules and bodies of condensed nucleic acid-like material in the cytoplasm. In the presence of polyP 75, the protein profile of P. gingivalis was changed as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot, and the proteolytic activity of the bacterium demostrated on the zymograms was decreased. The overall results suggest that polyP have a strong bactericidal activity against P. gingivalis in which lysis in relation to chelation may not play the major role but unknown mechanism that possibly affects the viability of the bacterium may be involved. PolyP may be used as an agent for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
Adult ; Cations, Divalent ; Cell Count ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Cytoplasm ; Electrophoresis ; Hemin ; Humans ; Periodontitis ; Polyphosphates* ; Polyps ; Porphyromonas gingivalis* ; Porphyromonas* ; Tooth Loss ; Vitamin K

PURPOSE: To determine the MR imaging findings of spinal cord decompression sickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the spinal MR images of eight patients (M : 6, F : 2) with decompression sickness affecting the cervical spine (n=1) or thoracic spine (n=7). The observed extent, location, continuity, signal intensity and contrast enhancement pattern of spinal cord lesions were analysed. RESULTS: The chief MR finding was continuous (n=2) or non-continuous (n=3) high signal intensity on T2-weighted images in the posterior paramedian spinal cord. In three cases, additional T2 signal abnormality in the ventral horn of the gray matter was observed. There was no signal intensity abnormality on T1- weighted images or abnormal enhancement on post-Gadolinium T1-weighted images. In one case, cord swelling in addition to T2 signal abnormality was observed. CONCLUSION: MR imaging is useful for evaluating spinal cord lesions in patients with decompression sickness.
Animals ; Decompression Sickness* ; Decompression* ; Horns ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord* ; Spine

The indole alkaloid harmaline has been to cause tremor and ataxia, and produce cerebellar neurotoxicity in rat. Degeneration of Purkinje cell alligned in narrow parasagittal bands result from excitation of inferior olivary nucleus in harmaline-treated rats. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that excitation of climbing fiberinduced by harmaline mediates Purkinje cell injury or degeneration. For this purpose, the inferior olive of rats was chemically ablated by using 3-acetyl pyridine, a neurotoxic chemical, and cerebellar damage followed by administration of harmaline was analyzed using immunohistochemical markers for neurons, glial cells. The results demonstrated that a subset of Purkinje cell in the vermis and paravermis degenerated after harmaline treatment, but harmaline produced little or no Purkinje cell degeneration after inferior olivary ablation. These results suggested that harmalineinduced activation of inferior olivary neurons may lead to release of glutamate from climbing fiber synaptic terminal distributed over the Purkinje cells, and may lead to cytotoxic degeneration of Purkinje cells.
Animals ; Ataxia ; Cerebellum ; Glutamic Acid ; Harmaline* ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Olea ; Olivary Nucleus ; Presynaptic Terminals ; Purkinje Cells* ; Rats ; Tremor

In order to find out the relationship between arachidonic acid(AA) metabolites and the development of vasospasm following a subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), we evaluated the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) levels of the two main AA metabolites, prostacyclin(PGI2) and thromboxane A2(TXAZ) by measuring their stable degredation products 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha(PGF1) and thromboxane B2(TXB2) using radioimmunoassay methods in 32 patients after an aneurysmal rupture and in 11 patients without an aneurysmal rupture as a control group. We compared the data between aneurysmal ruptured patients and control group patients. We also divided the data of the aneurysmal ruptured patients into 3 groups checking them between 1-4, 5-11, and 12-28 days after the SAH, and compared the data among the groups, then the data was also compared between non-vasospasm and clinical or severe angiographic vasospasm groups of patients. The results showed that the AA metabolism was enhanced after the SAH, The TXB2 increased the greatest amount in 1-4 days after the SAH and significantly decreased statistically 12 days after the SAH(p<0.002). This study also showed that the TXB2 level was significantly higher statistically in 1 to 4 days in the clinical or angiogrophically severe vasospasm group than in the non-vasospasm group of patients(p<0.032). PGF1 did not show any statistically significant changes according to the number of SAH days or a difference between the vasospasm and non-vasospasm groups. This result suggests if the AA metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm, and the lumbar CSF levels of AA metabolites in aneurysmal patients reflect the arterial synthesis of PGI2 and platelet origin of TXA2, the elevation of TXA2 or other vasoconstrictor prostaglandins is more likely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of vasospasm than PGI2 deficiency. The measurements of the CSF TXB2 in 1 to 4 days after a SAH may have an expectant value in the development of clinical or severe angiographic vasospasm(exclude the accompanying intraventricular hemorrhage patients).
Aneurysm* ; Arachidonic Acid ; Blood Platelets ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Epoprostenol ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Prostaglandins I ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Thromboxane A2 ; Thromboxane B2* ; Vasospasm, Intracranial

BACKGROUND: Calcium plays a key role in vascular contraction and regulates receptor sensitivity to certain neurotransmitters. Calcium channel blockers are useful in the treatment of both clinical and experimental hypertension. The present study was designed to examine whether there is an alteration of the activity of calcium channels in association with the development of hypertension. METHODS: Deoxycorticosterone acetate(DOCA)-salt hypertension was made by subcutaneous implantation of DOCA(200mg/kg)strip plus saline drinking(1%) and 2-kidney, 1 clip(2KIC)hypertension by clipping the left renal artery with a silver clip(internal gap of 0.2mm). They were used 4 weeks later. Age-matched normal rats served as a control. Mean arterial pressure(MAP) and heart rate(HR) were continuously recorded from the right femoral artery. The drugs were administered intravenously. RESULTS: Vehicle alone was without effect on MAP or HR. In normotensive rats, nifedipine infusion(5 and 10ug/kg/min)caused a dose-dependent decrease in MAP without significant changes in HR, while Bay k 8644(Bay K, 5 and 10 ug/kg/min) increased MAP transiently. Both the depressor response to nifedipine and the pressor response to Bay k were more marked in DOCA-salt hypetensive rats than in normotensive rats. The maximal changes in MAP indced by nifedipine(5 and 50 ug/kg) or Bay K(5 and 50 ug/kg) were also enhanced in 2KIC hypertensive rats as compared with control rats. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that calcium channel inhibitors and activators can affect on the regulation of blood pressure in an opposite fashion. It is also suggested that the activity of calcium channels might be altered in the developement of experimental hypertension.
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester* ; Animals ; Bays* ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Calcium Channels ; Desoxycorticosterone ; Femoral Artery ; Heart ; Hypertension ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Nifedipine* ; Rats* ; Renal Artery ; Silver

BACKGROUND: The sodium concentration in the central nervous system may play an important role in cardiovascular function and body fluid regulation. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of hypertonic NaCl solutions on the cardiovascular responses in normotensive and 2-kidney, 1 clip (2K1C) renal hypertensive rats. METHODS: 2K1C hypertension was made by clipping the left renal artery and were used 4 weeks later. Age-matched control rats received a sham treatment. Under thiopental (50 mg/kg, IP) anesthesia, both isotonic and hypertonic NaCl solutions (0.15 M, 0.6 M and 1.2 M) were ICV applied, while blood pressure and heart rate (HR) responses were continuously monitored. RESULTS: Central administration of hypertonic NaCl solution caused an elevation in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR in both normotensive and 2K1C hypertensive rats. The response magnitude in the blood pressure was positively correlated to the NaCl concentration in normotensive rats, while the pressor responses to hypertonic NaCl were comparable regardless of the concentration of NaCl in hypertensive rats. Despite of the HR responses were similar in between two groups, the magnitude of the MAP increases were more elevated in hypertensive than in normotensive control rats. Isotonic NaCl solution, when centrally applied, caused an elevation in blood pressure only in hypertensive rats. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the central sensitivity to sodium chloride is altered in 2K1C renal hypertensive rats.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Body Fluids ; Central Nervous System ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Renal ; Infusions, Intraventricular* ; Placebos ; Rats* ; Renal Artery ; Sodium ; Sodium Chloride ; Thiopental

The effects of antlers have long been known in traditional Asian medicine. However, few studies have investigated the effects of antlers on immunity. In this study, we investigated whether fermented antler extract (FAE) has immunomodulatory effects on spleen cells. FAE enhanced the activity of spleen cells in a concentration dependent manner compared to antler extract. Interestingly, FAE significantly increased the production of interleukin-12, a representative cytokine of cell-mediated immunity, while it marginally increased that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that FAE can protect spleen cells from spontaneous cell death without a significant proportional change in subsets, mainly lymphocytes. Taken together, the results of the present study showed that FAE has beneficial effects on spleen cells, a major type of immune cell, indicating that it can function as an immunomodulator without significant cytotoxicity. These data may broaden the use of FAE in basic research and clinical areas.
Animals ; Antlers* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cell Death ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunomodulation ; Interleukin-12* ; Lymphocytes ; Spleen* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

OBJECTIVES: Human osteoarthritis is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of the cartilage of diarthrodial joints. In some instances, there is an identifiable cause, such as trauma or congenital malformation, but, mostly the etiology remains unknown. Since familial aggregation is seen, genetic factors may be important, particularly in osteoarthritis of the hand. METHODS: Blood samples from patients and controls were obtained for DNA analysis. Exon 31 of type II procollagen gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and screening for the mutation was undertaken using a restriction enzyme digestion (Dsa I). RESULTS: The patients phenotype represented typical, but earlyonset and family history, osteoarthritis. No mutation in exon 31 of type II procollagen gene could be identified. CONCLUSION: Screening of the 31 exon did not, however, reveal any mutation. It needs further evaluation in other sites of type II procollagen genes.
Cartilage ; Collagen Type II ; Digestion ; DNA ; Exons ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Mass Screening ; Osteoarthritis* ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Procollagen*