This article conducted a study on the foreign postgraduate students in Chongqing Medical University from the development scope,resources of students,major distribution,finical supporting from the year of 2006 to 2012.Based on the former analysis,it is found that students are of poor quality.There are very less Chinese learning channels.It is very urgent to optimize enrollment and improve the quality of students.There should be multi-channel expansion of Chinese learning and training refined Chinese expert.

Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; microbiology

Objective To observe clinicopathological features and prognosis of suptypes in breast cancers. Methods SP method was applied on 509 operated breast cancer patients to examine ER,PR and Her-2 status which determined subtypes.Subtype definitions were as follows:Her-2-,ER+ and/or PR+ as Luminal A,Her-2+,ER+ and/or PR+ as Luminal B,Her-2-,ER-PR-as Triple-negative,Her-2+,ER-,PR-as ERBB2+. χ~2 test was applied to determine their association with clinicopathological features.Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze disease free survival (DFS).Univariate regression and COX multivariate regression were preformed to analyze association between metastasis or recurrence and cliniopathological features. Results 40.5%of all cases (206/509) were identified as Luminal A,18.5%(94/509) as Luminal B,21.4%(109/509)as Triple-negative,19.6%(100/509)as ERBB2+.The rate of medulary type in triple negative breast cancer was higher than that in other subtypes(P<0.05).Significant difference in the rate of recurrence or metastasis was found among four subtypes(P=0.029).Cox regression analysis suggested that lymph node status and TNM stage were independent factors affecting the prognosis(P=0.000).DFS of ERBB2+and Triple-negative was 81.0% and 78.9% respectively,which was lower than that of Luminal A and Luminal B(88.8%、90.4%)(P=0.025).Conclusion Luminal A occurred at the highest prevalence.Triple-negative and ERBB2+ have a hiigher incidence of relapse or metastasis and poorer prognosis than Lurninal A and Luminal B.

Erectile dysfunction (ED), as a common male disease, seriously affects the patients' sexual life quality. Most ED patients benefit from phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, but some refractory ED sufferers fail to respond to them. With the rapid development of molecular biology, the relevant molecular signaling pathways of penile erection and molecular pathogenesis of ED have been gradually clarified, and attempts have been made at a better management or a complete cure of ED with advanced molecular biological methods such as the gene therapy. This article presents an overview on the research progress in the molecular signaling pathways, molecular pathogenesis, and gene therapy of ED.
Biomedical Research ; Erectile Dysfunction ; genetics ; therapy ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; genetics ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Signal Transduction

Object:To find out college students' perceptions about counseling.Methods:By using a questionnaire about college students' view of counseling,875 college students of Zhejiang University from grade 1 to grade 4 were tested.Results:Most students acknowledged that counseling deals with mental issues and disorders. They were willing to help clients,and prefer counselors who are like their friends and family members.They agreed that counseling is helpful and,prefer one-hour sessions,which are free of charge.

BACKGROUND:Anesthesia is a protective measure to animals in animal experiments, but the use of the corresponding anesthetic drugs wil have different effects on the experimental results.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the differences of various indexes and the therapeutic effect ofmyocardial ischemia canine model of coronary stenosis under the condition of consciousness and anesthesia.
METHODS:Twenty Beagle canine myocardial ischemia models were equaly assigned to five groups, and prepared according to the complete orthogonal Latin square arrangement for the experiment. Intervention procedures included the normal observation (normal control for 10 minutes, observation for 30 minues), conscious model (after normal control, coronary artery stenosis for 10 minutes, and observation for 30 minutes), conscious treatment (after normal control, coronary artery stenosis for 10 minutes, 50 μg/kg nitroglycerin sublingualy buccal, and observation for 30 minutes), anesthesia model (animals received anesthesia; after normal control, coronary artery stenosis for 10 minutes, and observation for 30 minutes), anesthesia treatment (animals received anesthesia; after normal control, coronary artery stenosis for 10 minutes, 50 μg/kg nitroglycerin sublingualy buccal, and observation for 30 minutes). Werecorded canine electrocardiogram, blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature level when animals were conscious after coronary artery stenosis, and mean arterial blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, electrocardiogram ST segment changes in conscious and anesthetic states in myocardial ischemia dogs, and observed the therapeutic effect of nitroglycerin on conscious and anesthetic states in myocardial ischemia dogs.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The electrocardiogram, blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature were changed after the coronary artery stenosis in conscious dogs, and the ST segment of electrocardiogram was significantly increased. The blood pressure and heart rate were significantly higher than that in the conscious state (P< 0.05),and the ST segment of electrocardiogram in dogs was significantly increased in conscious and anesthetic states. After the treatment of nitroglycerin, the effect was obvious in the myocardial ischemia model in conscious state. The results showed that the model of myocardial ischemia and the clinical fitting degree were higher, which could reduce the effect of anesthesia on the experimental results.

Objective To investigate the influence of health care workers’(HCWs)hand hygiene intervention in healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in an intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Intervention measures of hand hygiene were adopted,effective supervision and management systems were established,hand hygiene compliance and HAI rate be-fore intervention(January-December 2012)and after intervention (the first stage:January-June 2013;the second stage:Ju-ly-December 2013)were compared.Results A total of 4 066 patients were surveyed,HCWs’hand hygiene compliance rate before intervention was 50.03%,the first and second stage after intervention was 61.80% and 64.57% respectively,there was increasing trend (rs=1.00,P<0.001).HAI before intervention was 5.48%,the first and second stage after inter-vention was 3.86% and 3.30% respectively,there was decreasing trend (rs=-1.00,P<0.001).Significant decreasing trends were found in rates of catheter-related bloodstream infection(CRBSI),catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)and ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)(rs=-1.00,P<0.001).There were negative correlations between hand hygiene compliance rate and the infection rate of ICU,infection rate of CRBSI,CAUTI and VAP (P<0.05 ). Conclusion The improvement of hand hygiene compliance can effectively reduce the incidence of HAI in ICU ward.

Objective To establish a method to determine dicofol and eight pyrethroid pesticides residues in vegetables and fruits by gas chromatography.Methods The crushed samples were extracted with organic solvent,then the extract was analyzed by DM-17 capillary column gas chromatography after being purified by PestiCarb-NH2 cartridge and silica cartridge solid phase extraction.Results The detection curve covered the linear range of 0.10-2.0 ?g/ml .The minimum detection limit was 0.011-0.090 ?g/kg.The rates of recovery were 85.4%-105%.The variable coefficient(RSD) was under 7.0%.Conclusion This method has the advantages of less disturb, simple and high accuracy, and it can be applicable to the routine analysis of dicofol and pyrethroid pesticides residues.

Objective To understand the occurrence and risk factors of healthcare-associated infection(HAI) in a neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).Methods Neonates who were admitted to the NICU of a hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were investigated retrospectively,risk factors for HAI were performed univariate analysis.Results A total of 760 neonates were included in the investigation,198 neonates developed 259 times of HAI,incidence of HAI was 26.05％,case incidence of HAI was 34.08％,incidence of HAI per 1 000 patient days was 9.50‰;the main infection site was lower respiratory tract (n =92,35.52％);among 259 cases of HAI,172 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated,the major pathogen was Acinetobacter spp.(n =40,23.26％);incidence of HAI was high in neonates with gestational age ≤32 weeks,birth weight≤1 500 g,length of hospital stay ≥10 days,duration of antimicrobial use≥10 days,mechanical ventilation,deep venous catheterization,and feeding intolerance,difference was statistically significant (all P＜0.001).Conclusion Incidence of HAI in NICU is high,effective prevention and control measures should be formulated according to its risk factors,so as to reduce the occurrence of HAI in neonates.

There are a variety of serological changes in the blood circulation of patients with lupus nephritis,including complement,autoantibodies,immunoglobulin and cytokines and so on.These substances not only involved in the development of the disease leads to renal pathological damage,but also can be used as a biomarker to reflect changes in disease.In this paper,the detection of serum markers in lupus nephritis diagnosis,determine the pathological classification,disease activity,evaluation of therapeutic effect and prognosis were reviewed,in order to provide scientific basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis by monitoring the changes of serum indicators.