The prevalence and adjusted rate of Mental Retardation(M. R.) were 2.70% and 2.68% in the Qin-Ba Mountain Area in South-Shaanxi; 2.78% and 2.80% in childhood respectivety. These rates were all higher than overall rates in Shaanxi and in It is obvious that the prevalence of M. R. could be reduced by the social-environmental factors such as natural geographic situation, social development level, mean income per capita, mother's schooling, the family relationship with stepmother/stepfather, etc. Reducing prevalence rate of M. R., we need to take the multiple measures and services. It may help the reduction of M. R. prevalence and it is very important to continuously supply iodine salt in these area.

Adult ; Brugada Syndrome ; complications ; physiopathology ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Male

Ohjective To study the indications,clinical effect and complications of hysterectomy so as to im- prove therapeutic effect.Methods The clinical data involving 320 cases of hysterectomy in this hospital from 2000 to 2006 were reviewed,and the pathogenesis,operation mode,curative effect and post-operation complications were analysed.Results Patients who received hysterectomy due to benign gynecologic diseases were cured well cliniclly; those who received hysterectomy due to malignant gynecologic diseases or diseases with the tendency of malignant change were cured well in early stage but the effect was not so satisfactory in later stage.The operation mode was de- cided by considering the pathogenesis and individual difference.Conclusion For benign gynecologic diseases,hys- terectomy can be conducted with good effect after conservative treatment becomes ineffective.For malignant gyneco logic diseases,early treatment will bring good resuh,while late treatment will generate not so satisfactory effect.Indi- cations for operation should be controlled strictly for hysterectomy to guard against complications.

Hemophilia B is an X chromosome linked hereditary hemorrhagic disease, which is caused by the lose function mutation of factor IX (FIX), and significantly affects the patients' lifespan and life quality. The severity of hemophilia B depends on the FIX level in the plasma. By referring to the relevant literatures, we reviewed and summarized hemophilia B replacement therapies. Specifically, we focus on recombinant factor IX products on the market and those in the pipeline, especially on the long-acting factor IX drugs, to provide the basis for researches of new hemophilia B drugs.
Factor IX ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Hemophilia B ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Mutation ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use

Acupuncture Therapy ; Edema ; etiology ; immunology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; therapy

A new method of calculating fractal dimension of short-term heart rate variability signals is presented. The method is based on wavelet transform and filter banks. The implementation of the method is: First of all we pick-up the fractal component from HRV signals using wavelet transform. Next, we estimate the power spectrum distribution of fractal component using auto-regressive model, and we estimate parameter 7 using the least square method. Finally according to formula D = 2- (gamma-1)/2 estimate fractal dimension of HRV signal. To validate the stability and reliability of the proposed method, using fractional brown movement simulate 24 fractal signals that fractal value is 1.6 to validate, the result shows that the method has stability and reliability.
Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; Fourier Analysis ; Fractals ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Aged ; Ambulances ; statistics & numerical data ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Abstract?AlM: To study the number of myogenin - positive activated satellite cells in the inferior oblique muscles and the medial muscles of V- pattern exotropia with inferior oblique overaction, to further explore the possible etiological factors of V-pattern exotropia with inferior oblique overaction.? METHODS: The inferior oblique muscles and the medial muscles were cut from V - pattern exotropia patients with inferior oblique overaction during strabismus operation treated as the strabismus group. Cross sections were stained immunohistochemically for the presence of activated satellite cells, as identified by myogenin immunoreactivity. The inferior oblique muscles and the medial muscles were obtained from the corneal transplant donors ( six eyes of six cases) , which treated as the control group.? RESULTS: The frequency of myogenin - positive satellite cells of the inferior oblique muscles was (22. 7± 7.03)% and (4. 2±0. 75)% in the strabismus group and the control group. Significant differences existed in the expression of myogenin in two groups (P<0. 05). Again, the frequency of myogenin-positive satellite cells of the medial muscles was (2. 2±0. 75)% and (4. 5±1. 05)% in the strabismus group and the control group. Significant differences also existed in the expression of myogenin in two groups (P<0. 05).?CONCLUSlON: lt is first report that myogenin-positive satellite cells presents in extraocular muscles of V -pattern exotropia with inferior oblique overaction. The current results suggest that myogenin is one of possible etiological factors of V-pattern exotropia with inferior oblique overaction.

AIM:To observe the effects of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on thioltransferase (TTase) expression and activity in human lens epithelial cells.
METHODS: Human lens epithelial cells B3 ( HLE B3 ) were treated with 1. 5mg/mL AGEs - BSA as the experimental groups cultured by fetal bovine serum of volume fraction 10% dulbecco modified eagle medium ( DMEM) and bovine serum albumin ( BSA) was added at the same concentrations as the negative control. The level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) was evaluated. Cells were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4d and total RNA or protein was extracted. TTase mRNA levels were detected by qRT-RCR. TTase expression was detected by Western blot and its activity was measured.
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, AGEs-BSA up-regulated the expression of ROS (P<0. 01), ROS content increased in a time-dependent manner. BSA had no effects on ROS expression. The expression of TTase increased after treatment with AGEs-BSA for 1d, peaked at 2d (nearly 5. 06-fold increase, P<0. 01), then decreased gradually. No change was observed between BSA and control group (P>0. 05). Similarly, TTase activity peaked at 3d (nearly 2. 01-fold increase, P<0. 01). Western blot test found that TTase protein expression was increased
gradually, starting from the 3d TTase expression was reflected that there was statistically significant difference compared with control group (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION:AGEs-BSA significantly increases the production of ROS in human lens epithelial cells, and it then induces the oxidative stress which may promote the expression of TTase and enhances the activity of TTase.

Objective To investigate the ontogeny of the islet amyloid polypeptide(IAPP)and explore the relationship IAPP and other classical hormones in human fetal colon and rectum. Methods The localization of IAPP immunoreactive(IR) cells and 5 hydroxytryptamine(5 HT) IR cells in 31 human fetal colon and rectum from 9\|27 weeks of gestation was investigated with immunohistochemical SABC method. Results At 9 weeks of fetal age,a lot of 5 HT IR cells were found in the colon,but IAPP IR cells appeared at 18 weeks.In the rectum,both 5 HT and IAPP IR cells were present at 11 weeks,the number of 5 HT IR cells ascended gradually with fetus aged,reached a peak at 20 weeks and dropped gradually after 21 weeks,while in the whole fetus period,IAPP IR cells appeared fewer and scattered.The co localization of IAPP and 5 HT in some cells of colon and rectum was proved as compared with adjacent sections.Immunohistochemical double staining procedures on the same tissue section also showed that IAPP co existed with 5 HT in some cells.Conclusion\ During the human fetus,IAPP were synthesized and co existed with 5 HT in endocrine cells of the colon and rectum.The possible function on the co existence of IAPP and 5 HT in the colon and rectum of fetal was discussed. [