Recently, increased traffic accident has resulted in a corresponding increase in incidences of blunt trauma. Tracheal and main bronchial injuries artier blunt chest trauma can be life-threatening, and hence early diagnosis and early management of patients with such injuries are essential. A 3-year-old boy was transferred to the Department of Emergency Medicine after a motor vehicle accident in which he sustained multiple blunt injuries consisting of tracheal rupture, left main bronchial rupture, liver laceration, vitreous hemorrhage, and fracture of the iliac wing. The tracheal rupture was managed nonoperatively with intensive respiratory care, while the left main bronchial rupture was managed surgically by bronchoplasty. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged without respiratory problems.
Accidents, Traffic ; Bronchi* ; Child, Preschool ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergency Medicine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Liver ; Male ; Motor Vehicles ; Rupture ; Thorax ; Trachea* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating

Apoptosis is an intrinsic and fundamental biological process that plays a critical role in the normal development of multicellular organisms and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Some of the well known regulators of apoptosis are cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor(TNF) ligand family, such as Fas ligand(Fas L) and TNF, which induce apoptosis by activation of their corresponding receptors, Fas and TNFR-1. Recently, a new member of the TNF family known as TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) was identified and shown to induce p53-independent apoptosis in a variety of tumor cell lines but not in normal cells, Four human receptors for TRAIL were also recently identified and designated TRAIL-R1, -R2, -R3, and -R4. The aim of this study is to examine whether TRAIL and TRAIL receptots(-R1, -R2, -R3) are expressed in uterine cervical cancer and whether it is correlated with apoptosis, TRAIL and TRAIL receptors. The subjects were 20 patients who were diagnosed with cervical cancer. Western blotting was performed in 9 cases, immunohistochemical staining for TRAIL and TRAIL receptors(-R1, -R2, -R3) and TUNEL method for detection of apoptosis in 11 cases. There were proteins for TRAIL, TRAIL-R1, -R2, and -R3 in tissues from cervical cancer. All TRAIL receptors were expressed in both normal cervical epithelium and tumor cells, and TRAIL-Rl and -R2 were more strongly expressed in tumor cells than normal epithelium(p<0.05). Apoptosis correlated with expression of TRAIL-Rl and -R2(p<0.05). This study suggests that TRAIL induces apoptosis in cervical cancer through its receptors.
Antigens, CD95 ; Apoptosis ; Biological Processes ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytokines ; Epithelium ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Necrosis ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies in autistic brain samples have shown diminished acetylcholine and nicotinic receptor activity. We hypothesized that acetylcholinergic enhancement may pharmacologically improve some autistic characteristics. Donepezil hydrochloride, a cholinesterase inhibitor, was studied in few studies which showed improvement in the expressive and receptive speech of autistic children. We therefore undertook an open label trial to evaluate this effect on speech function in Korean autistic children. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (18 males, 3 females, average age 77.9+/-23.7 months), with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder enrolled in a 12-week open label trial of donepezil hydrochloride. Changes were evaluated by PLS (Preschool language scale). Testing was administered at baseline and at 12-week follow-up. RESULTS: Test administered at baseline and at 12-week follow-up showed gains in both expressive and receptive speech functions. CONCLUSION: Donepezil hydrochloride, a cholinesterase inhibitor, appears to improve expressive and receptive speech functions of autistic children.
Acetylcholine ; Autistic Disorder* ; Brain ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Child* ; Cholinesterases ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Receptors, Nicotinic

BACKGROUND: Coal workers' pneumoconiosis is a fibrotic lung disease resulting from chronic inhalation of coal dust. The precise mechanism of lung fibrosis in coal workers' pneumoconiosis is uncertain. However, a relationship between the stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and collagen production by mediators released from inflammatory and resident lung cells is thought to be a major factor. The transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), a multifunctional cytokine and growth factor, plays a key role in the scarring and fibrotic processes due to its ability to induce extracellular matrix proteins and modulate the growth and immune function of many cell types. To determine the involvement of TGF-βin the development of lung fibrosis in coal workers' pneumoconiosis, the TGF-β1 level in plasma was measured in patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis. METHODS: Plasma was collected from 40 patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (20 with simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis and 20 with complicated coal workers' pneumoconiosis) and from 10 normal controls. The ELISA method was used to measure the plasma TGF-β1 concentration. RESULTS: Compared to the control group (0.63±0.18 ng/mL), there was no significant difference in the plasma TGF-β1 level in patients with simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis (0.64±0.17 ng/mL) (p>.05). However, in patients with complicated coal workers' pneumoconiosis the plasma TGF-β1 level (0.79±0.18 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in patients with simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis and control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The data suggests that TGF-β1 has some influence in the development of lung fibrosis in coal workers' pneumoconiosis.
Cicatrix ; Coal* ; Collagen ; Dust ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Fibroblasts ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Plasma* ; Pneumoconiosis* ; Pulmonary Fibrosis

The 4,725 cattle in the enzootic region, 6 counties of southern Korea, were surveyed for besnoitiosis epidemiologically by examining the scleral conjunctiva for the cysts and the following results were obtained. The survey showed that 285 cattle, representing 6 per cent of a total of 4,725 cattle examined had S.C. cysts. Only 49 (14 per cent) of them showed clinical sclerodermatitis and the ratio between clinical and inapparent cases was 1:5.8. On age distribution of the S.C. positive cases the highest incidence(10-12 per cent) was seen in amimals that were from 5 to 8 years of age, but clinically apparent cases occurred much more in younger age of animal. In local incidence of S.C. cysts positive cases the prevalence was higher in the secluded districts such as Koheung and Sancheoung counties(9 per cent).
parasitology-besnoitiosis ; epidemiology ; prevalence rate ; scleral conjunctiva cyst

The influence of intravesica1 pressure on urine for-mation was studied in dogs and rabbits prepared with ureteral fistulae and in man following ureteral cathe-terization. Reduction of urinary output following distension of the bladder occurred in all except two dogs. The mean rate of reduction in sixteen dogs was 37.3 +/- 4.9 per cent. The response was not blocked by tetracaine applied to the bladder mucosa or by systemic hexamethonium. The renal blood flow showed a significant reduction following distension of the bladder. After denervation or celiac ganglionectomy, the reduction of urinary output or of renal blood flow was prevented in the ipsilateral kidney. Coloring of the renal cortex by intravenously injected indigo carmine does not occur in animals with distended bladders. Adrenaline and serotonin produced and enhanced the effect on the urinary response of the distended bladder. The injection of a small amount of blood or urine from animals with distended bladders into undistended animals produced a significant decrease in urine formation in the recipients. In five human subjects, a marked reduction of urine flow was noted following bladder distension. We conchlde that the intravesical pressure may regulate the formation of urine through a short vesico-renal reflex mediated by the celiac ganglion and through a long vesico-hypothalamic reflex which releases the antidiuretic hormone.
Animals ; Denervation ; Dogs ; Epinephrine ; Fistula ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Ganglionectomy ; Hexamethonium ; Humans ; Indigo Carmine ; Kidney ; Mucous Membrane ; Rabbits ; Reflex ; Renal Circulation ; Serotonin ; Tetracaine ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder

Bezoyl peroxide, a powerful oxidizing agent, has been uaed topically in the treatment of acne vulgaris as a cream or lotion and has been shown to he effective for this codition. In 1972 Fulton emphaaized the importance of the vehicles used to obtain. maximum potential of benzoyl peroxide and for this, the gel formulation has been examined in many clinical trials. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Fanoxyl 2.5, a 2.5% . benzayl peraxide gel, in patients with acne vulgaris. A total of 31 patients entered this study at the Departrnent of Dermatology, Jeoul National University Hospital rluring 3 rnanths period, from Decemher, 1978 through February, 1979, All patienta were instructed to apply Fanoxyl 2.5' on their affected areas once or twice a day and the nurnber of lesions on two or three t fixed areas were counted before and onee weekly after initation of the treatment. The reaults observed in the 3I patients were as follaws; 1. The percentage decrease in total nurnber of lesions in 4 weeks after treatment was 56.9%. 2. The authors could follow up for 6 weeks in 6 cases. In 6 case, the mean percentage in total number of lesions in 6 weeks after treatment was 81.7%. 3. Clesed and open eomedones were gradually eliminated; and their numbers were decreased in 4 weeks after treatment by 46.5% and 56.8% respeetiveIy. The papules were rapidly eliminated and their numbers were decreased in 4 weeka, after treatment by 79.8%. 4. Although most patients felt a mild burning sensation and tightness at the begining of the treatment, only a minority of the patients complained of discomfort due to pain(l case), erytherna(l case), tightness(2 cases),burning sensation (1 case), scaling(1 case). But all were tolerable without taking any specific measures or discontinuance of application. In one case, contact dermatitis developed after 4 weeks treatment. The authors concluded through this experiment that Panoxyl 2.5' (2.5% benzoyl peroxide gel) is a very effective local therapeutic agent in the treatment of acne vulgaris patients.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Benzoyl Peroxide* ; Burns ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Sensation

No abstract available.
Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: The ictal perfusion patterns of cerebellum and basal ganglia have not been systematically investigated in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Their ictal perfusion patterns were analyzed in relation with temporal lobe and frontal lobe hyperperfusion during TLE seizures using SPECT subtraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three TLE patients had interictal and ictal SPECT, video-EEG monitoring, SPGR MRI, and SPECT subtraction with MRI co-registration. RESULTS: The vermian cerebellar hyperperfusion (CH) was observed in 26 patients (78.8%) and hemispheric CH in 25 (75.8%). Compared to the side of epileptogenic temporal lobe, there were seven ipsilateral hemispheric CH (28.0%), fifteen contralateral hemispheric CH (60.0%) and three bilateral hemispheric CH (12.0%). CH was more frequently observed in patients with additional frontal hyperperfusion (14/15, 93.3%) than in patients without frontal hyperperfusion (11/18, 61.1%). The basal ganglia hyperperfusion (BGH) was seen in 11 of the 15 patients with frontotemporal hyperperfusion (73.3%) and 11 of the 18 with temporal hyperperfusion only (61.1%). In 17 patients with unilateral BGH, contralateral CH to the BGH was observed in 14 (82.5%) and ipsilateral CH to BGH in 2 (11.8%) and bilateral CH in 1 (5.9%). CONCLUSION: The cerebellar hyperperfusion and basal ganglia hyperperfusion during seizures of TLE can be contralateral, ipsilateral or bilateral to the seizure focus. The presence of additional frontal or basal ganglia hyperperfusion was more frequently associated with contralateral hemispheric CH to their sides. However, temporal lobe hyperperfusion appears to be related with both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheric CH.
Basal Ganglia* ; Cerebellum* ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Perfusion ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon