BACKGROUND: Pap smear is well known as a useful method for early detection of the cervical cancer and known to be widely performed by women. But the cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Korean women until now. So we surveyed to find out the status of womens practice and the result of Pap smear. METHODS: A questionnaire was filled up by the 270 women who had taken Pap smear from June to July in 1994 at the department of family medicine of Kyung Hee Medical Center. The family physicians gynecological findings at Pap srnear and the results of Pap smear were obtained. Af ter then we analyzed the data by SAS(Statistical Analysis System). The data which were not answered at each item were excluded in the analysis of each item. RESULTS: Among the 270 women, thirties were 98 persons(36.3%), forties were 115 persons(42.6%). The women who had never been taken Pap smear before were 34.6%. At the age performed Pap smear first, 30-39 years old was most common as of 39.8%. In the interval of Pap smear among the performed, 2 years interval was 36.8%. The medical facility usually being performed Pap smear was obstetrics and gynecological clinic as of 49.7%. At the opinion of int,erval which they think they should take Pap smear, the women answered that 1 year interval was appropriate were 50.7% and the opinions of the experienced group were statistically different from those of the non-experienced group(P<0.01). Gynecological findings showed normal in 74.8%, the cytological results of Pap smear showed class I as of 88.9%, class II 6.3%, class III 4.4% and class IV 0.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Almost of them knew correctly the appropriate interval of Pap smear they should take, but the practice rate was very low. They had good results in the final cytological results of Pap smear, but the cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in Korean women until now. So they should continuously get public informations and be educated to take Pap smear at the appropriate interval for the reduction of death due to cervical cancer.
Female ; Humans ; Obstetrics ; Physicians, Family ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Talus*

BACKGROUND: We studied the incidence of trauma caused by alcohol related accidents, and the effects that has on the occurrence, the extent, and the outcome to the patient. METHODS: In our study we studied trauma patients excluding pediatric patients(15 years old and under) who came to the Emergency department of Korea University Medical School Anam Hospital from the 1st of january 1996 to 30th of June 1996, looked into their medical records, and studied the records in a retrospective manner. The trauma patients were divided into two groups, a) alcohol-related and b) alcohol-non-related. The two groups were then subdivided according to their sex, age, the time they came in, the anatomical part of the trauma, the mechanism of their injury, the extent of the injury, the length of their hospital stay, the length of their ED stay and were seperately compared and analysed. Statistically, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis using SAS were used in the study and then was assessed in Chi-square analysis methods. RESULTS: The total of the trauma patients, added up to 832 people, 577: male and 255: female. Among this sum, 16 trauma patients were alcohol related(male:127 & female 36). 115 people were in the age group of 21-40. Compared to the non-alcohol related trauma group, the alcohol-related group had more facial & scalp injuries and tended to come in the hours between 0-6 AM. The cause of the injuries were mossy by fast-fighting and suicide, compared to mostly accidental-slipping injuries in the non alcohol-related group. There were no difference in the degree of the injury(ISS) and the length of hospital stay between the two groups, whereas the length of the stay at the ED was longer alcohol-related trauma patients. CONCLUSION: Alcohol related trauma patients were mostly in their 20s and 30s, came to the hospital at a late time it the reason for their visit were mossy because of fist fighting. In the Emergency department, because prompt and correct diagnosis is quite difficult to make in this group, their ED stay tended to be longer. We can conclude that measuring the blood alcohol level of these patients, continuing the psychological therapy and educating people is needed.
Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Scalp ; Schools, Medical ; Suicide

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of body composition, eating habits and dietary intake in three Sasang constitutions. This survey was carried out using anthropometry, a questionnaire about eating habits, and 24-hour recall of dietary intake on 45 male and 29 female students of the fifth grade at C elementary school. The results are summarized as follows: A total of 44.6% of the subjects were Taeumin, 35.1% were Soyangin, and 20.3% were Soeumin. The average weight, WHR, Triceps, Rhrer index and BMI in the Taeumin group were significantly higher than those of the Soeumin and Soyangin groups. The body fat mass (kg) and abdominal fat (%) in the Taeumin group were significantly higher than those of the Soeumin and Soyangin groups. The soft body mass (%) in the Soeumin group was significantly higher than that of the Soeumi and Soyangin groups. The Taeumin's energy expenditure in physical activities was little high than that of the Soyangin and Soeumin groups, but the Soyangin's energy expenditure in physical activities per weight was a little higher than that of the Taeumin and Soeumin groups. The calorie and most of the nutrient intake were lower than those of Korean RDA. In the case of males, most nutrient intake, except for fiber, carotene and vitamin C were high in the Taeumin. For females, most nutrient intake, except for calcium and retinol were significantly higher in the Taeumin group. Conclusively, anthropometry characteristics, body composition, energy expenditure in physical activities, eating habits and dietary intake are different among the three Sasang constitutions. This study suggests the possibility of using Sasang consitutions as a basis for providing nutritional education and health guidelines.
Abdominal Fat ; Adipose Tissue ; Anthropometry ; Ascorbic Acid ; Body Composition* ; Calcium ; Carotenoids ; Child* ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Eating* ; Education ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Vitamin A ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Histopathological changes under occulsive dressing with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide cream, 0 025% fluocinolone acetonide cream, and 1% hydrocortisone cream were compared each other and with the changes following topical application of 5% ammoniated mercury ointment without occulsion in five cases of psoriasis vulgaris. 1) The earliest changes noticed were the diminution of the papillary edema, the appearence of the granular layer and the disappearence of parakeratosis. 2) A week after treatment, the remarkable changes revealed were the thinning of the epidermis, the diminution of acanthosis, papil]ary edema and cell infiltration of the upper dermis and the appearence of the granular layer. 3)The capillary dilatation remained unchanged even two weeks after treatment in all groups. 4) Among these drugs, the best respanse revealed was triamcinolone cream, the next was fluocinolone cream. The response of hydrocortisone cream was poorer than fluocinolone cream and ammoniated mercury ointment was even more poorer than hydrocortisone cream.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones* ; Bandages* ; Capillaries ; Dermis ; Dilatation ; Edema ; Epidermis ; Fluocinolone Acetonide ; Hydrocortisone ; Parakeratosis ; Psoriasis* ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

No abstract available.
Schizophrenia* ; Water*

No abstract available.
Schizophrenia* ; Water*

No abstract available.
Actinomycosis*

No abstract available.
Actinomycosis*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the outcome of local control after the local excision for T1/T2 rectal cancers and, thus, to assess its effectiveness as an alternative to a more radical resection. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 23 patients with T1/T2 rectal cancer treated by local excision (LE), and their results were compared with the results for 22 patients with rectal cancer of the same stage treated by a radical resection (RR). All patients with pT2 lesions in the LE group received postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation. The outcomes were defined as 5-year local-recurrence-free survival (LRFS). The median follow-up was 72 (range, 40~92) months. RESULTS: Recurrence occurred in 4 patients (pT1, 1; pT2, 3) in the LE group and in 3 patients (all pT2) in the the RR group. One patient with vascular invasion (T2N1M0) in the RR group showed multiple liver metastases at 23 months postoperatively. The difference in 5-year LRFS was not statistically significant between the two groups. In the LE group, the 5-year LRFS for pT2 lesions was significantly less favorable than that for pT1 lesions (40% vs. 94%; P= 0.005). The 5-year LRFS for pT2 in the RR group was more favorable than that in the LE group, although the difference was not statistically significant (76.9% vs. 40%, P=0.138). CONSLUSIONS: Local excision provides a favorable local control for pT1 rectal cancers. A more radical resection, however, remains an effective surgical option for pT2 lesions because local excision, even combined with adjuvant chemoradiation, showed substantial local recurrences.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies