Abstract? AlM: To observe the effect of combining partial reduction orthokeratology ( Ortho-K ) and spectacles on slowing myopic progressionin high myopic adolescent.? METHODS: Sixty - nine eyes of 36 high myopic adolescent ( aged 9 ~15 years ) with spherical equivalent refraction ≧-6. 00 diopters ( D) ( spherical component≧-5. 50D) were fitted with custom-made four-zone/five-curve Ortho-K lenses. The target of reduction was to achieve -5. 00D for both eyes. The residual refractive errors after at least one month of Ortho-K wear were corrected with single-vision spectacles for clear vision in the daytime. The unaided visual acuity ( UVA) , refractive error ( RE ) , axial length ( AL ) , and ocular health were assessed before the Ortho-K lens wear, and followed up for 2a after Ortho-K.?RESULTS: ( 1 ) Changes in UVA: The mean UVA was 0. 09±0. 05 at baseline before Ortho-K;the mean UVA was 0. 27 ± 0. 14, 0. 54 ± 0. 18, 0. 78 ± 0. 24, and 0. 81 ± 0. 19, respectively after Ortho-K wear for l night, 1wk, 1, and 3mo. The differences of UVA were significant with baseline (P<0. 05), and became stable 1mo after the treatment. (2) Changes in RE:The mean RE was -6. 82± 0. 71D at baseline before Ortho-K and -6. 86 ± 0. 77D after Ortho-K wear for 1a (P>0. 05 compared to baseline). The mean RE was-7. 11±0. 81D after Ortho-K wear for 2a, and the amount of myopia increased -0. 29 ± 0. 37D compared to baseline (P<0. 05). (3) Changes in AL: The mean AL was 26. 18 ± 0. 57mm at baseline before Ortho-K, and it was not significantly different (P>0. 05) from the AL after Ortho-K wear for 6mo (26. 19±0. 54mm) and for 1a (26. 21± 0. 47mm). The AL was 26. 37±0. 59mm after Ortho-K wear for 2a, and the mean increase was 0. 19 ± 0. 28mm compared to baseline (P<0. 05). (4) Grade 1 corneal staining was observed in some subjects at each visit. However, the staining was improved after lens cleaning, discontinuing lens wear, or applying artificial tears. No other adverse events were reported in all subjects during the 2a study.?CONCLUSlON:Combining partial reduction Ortho-K and spectacles completely slowed myopic progression in high myopic adolescent after receiving the treatment for 1a, and partially reduced myopia progression after 2a of treatment. No severe ocular complications were found throughout the treatment. The combination treatment appeared to be effective and safe, but its long-term effect needs to be further assessed.

Crohn Disease ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir) are a special subset of potassium selective ion channels which pass potassium more easily into rather than out of the cell. These channels mediate a variety of cellular functions, including control of membrane resting potential, maintenance of potassium homeostasis and regulation of cellular metabolism. Given the existence of fifteen Kir genes in mammals, current genetic studies using mutant animals that lack a single channel may have missed many important physiological functions of these channels due to gene redundancy. This issue can be circumvented by using a simple model organism like Drosophila, whose genome encodes only 3 Kir proteins. The sophisticated genetic approaches of Drosophila may also provide powerful tools to identify additional regulation mechanisms of Kir channels. Here we provide an overview of the progress made in elucidating the function of Drosophila Kir channels. The knowledge of Drosophila Kir channels may lead us to uncover novel functions and regulation mechanisms of human Kir channels and help on pathological studies of related diseases.
Animals ; Drosophila ; physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Potassium ; physiology ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; physiology

Objective To study effect of drug treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome patients withhyperprolactinemia.Methods We retrospectively studied 63 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperprolactinemia from the Reproductive Medicine Center,Provincial Hospital between January 2005 andMarch 2007.According to the beginning time of bromocriptine,all women were divided into two groups.Group Ⅰ was composed of 48 cases who received bromocriptine administration before induction of ovulation cycles,and the dose of bromocriptine was modulated depending on the level of serum prolactin.When serum prolactin was controlled at normal levels,we decreased the dosage of bromocriptine step by step(1.25 mgonce),and then continued the treatment at maintenance dosage for no less than 3 weeks.After a baselineultrasonographic examination on day 3,patients were treated with clomiphene citrate at a dosage of 100 mg (2 tablets/day)for 5 days of a normal cycle or progesterone-induced bleeding.On day 9,we monitored the growth conditions of follicles routinely with trans-vaginal uhrasound.If there was no dominant follicle,we added human menopausal hormone(hMG,75 U/d)to the protocol.Human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG,6000-10000 IU)was given intramuscularly when the mean diameter of a follicle reached at least 18 mm.At the same time we instructed the patients to have sexual intercourses or carried out artificial inseminationsbefore and after ovulation.Group Ⅱ were 15 cases in which induction of ovulations were commenced almostsimultaneously with beginning of bromocriptine.The same protocol was given to patients in group Ⅱ.The procedures of ovulation induction and the outcomes of treatment were analyzed and compared.Results Compared with groupⅡ.the days of using hMG in Group Ⅰ was shorter by instructing the time of sexualintercourse.The difference was significant(P=0.004).And there were similar results in the artificial insemination cycles(P=0.009).The rate of pregnancy in group Ⅰ(40%,19/48)was higher than that in groupⅡ(27%,4/15),but the difference was not obvious(P=0.525).Conclusion Bromocriptine administration before the stimulated ovulation therapy can decrease the total dosage and treatment course of ovulating drugs.Induction of ovulations simultaneously with start of bromocriptine therapy can shorten the treatment time of infertility.

Objective To study the effects of airborne particles exposure on the micronucleus frequency of human binucleate lymphocytes. Methods Airborne particles were collected at a residential area of Taiyuan city with classification air samplers.The organic substance was extracted by dichloromethane acetone and methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. Four metals,Ni Pb Cd and Cr in airborne particles were extracted by 1∶1 nitric acid and determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The mutagenicity of the extracts of airborne particles was studied with cytokinesis-locking assay. Results The content of airborne particles in the area was 0.791 9 mg/m3exceeded the related standard by 4.28 times. The small particles contained more metals elements and organic substances than the big particles. The extracts of airborne particles induced a significant increase in micronucleus production P

AIM:ToinvestigatetheeffectofP21-activatedkinase1(PAK1)andlymphoidenhancer-binding factor 1(LEF1) on the proliferation of esophagus cancer cells .METHODS:Real-time PCR was applied to detect the mR-NA expression of PAK1 and LEF1 in the esophagus cancer tissues .MTT assay were used to measure the proliferation of hu-man esophagus cancer cell line KYSE transfected with PAK 1 and LEF1.RESULTS: The mRNA expression of PAK1 in the esophagus cancer tissues was lower than that in control group (P<0.05).The mRNA expression of LEF1 and tran-scription factor 4 (TCF4) in the esophagus cancer tissues was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The prolifera-tion of KYSE cells with over-expression of PAK1 and LEF1 was higher than that in control group .No significant change of apoptosis between the KYSE cells with over-expression of PAK1 and LEF1 and control group was observed .CONCLU-SION:The expression of PAK1 decreases and the expression of LEF 1 increases in esophagus cancer tissues .LEF1 domi-nantly regulates the proliferation of esophagus cancer cells .

Background The filtering surgery is the main method of treating glaucoma.Fibrosis of filtering bleb is a key cause of failure of operation.The study about application of anti-scaring drug in filtering surgery is a hotspot.Objective Present study was to investigate the anti-scaring effect of paclitaxel aher trabeculectomy.Methods Thirty-two adult clean domestic rabbits underwent standardized trabeculectomy and randomly divided into 4 groups.Normal saline solution was used beneath the scleral flap during trabeculectomy for 3 minutes in 16 eyes of 8 rabbits as controls.0.3 g/L mitomycin C,0.2 g/L paclitaxel or 0.3 g/L paclitaxel was administered at the same way respectively in other 3 groups.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured,and eye numbers with function blebs were compared among 4 groups at the 4th,7th,14th and 28th day after surgery.The opening of filtration tunnel and the number of inflammatory cells were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining,and proliferation of new collagen fibers was evaluated by Masson trichrome method.This study complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission(version 1988). Results No significant differences were found in the change of lOP among 4 groups before operation(F=0.54,P=0.83)and the 4th day aher operation(F=0.57,P=0.87).The IOP value was statistically lower in 0.3 g/L mitomycin C group,0.2 g/L paclitaxel group and 0.3 s/L paelitaxel group than the normal saline solution group(P＜0.05)with the lowest value in 0.3 s/L paclitaxel group in 7,14,28 days after operation(P＜0.05).Functional filtering bleb was seen in all the rabbit eyes in the 4th day after operation.In 7,14,28 days after operation,the number of eyes with functional bleb wag evidently more in 0.3 g/L mitomycin C group,0.2 g/L paclitaxel group and 0.3 g/L paclitaxel group compared with normal saline group(P＜0.05).The histological examination showed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells in filtering tunnel was much more obvious in normal saline solution group than the other groups with the most mild response in 0.3 g/L paclitaxel group.Masson trichrome revealed that proliferation of new collagen fibers in 0.3 g/L paclitaxel group was significantly decreased in comparison with those in other three groups at the 4th,7th,14th and 28th day after surgery(all P＜0.05). Conclusion Paclitaxel can inhibit the inflammatory response and collagen fibrosis and therefore open the filtering tunnel after it be used topically during the glaucoma trabeculectomy.

Objective To investigate the geographical distribution of excessive iodine in drinking water and to demarc aI|e the excessive iodine regions in Hebei Province.Methods In 173 counties of Hebei Province, town was surveyed as an elementary unit.Five villages were sampled according to the direction of east,west, south,north,center in every town.If the water sources were more than 5 in a village,water was sampled according to the direction ofeast,west, south,north, center, respectively;If the water sources were less than 5 in a village, all were sampled:If the village used water of cental supply,only one sample wag collected.Arsenic-cerium catalysis was used to determine the iodine concentration of drinking water.Results Two thousands and forty-nine towns were investigated and 19 352 water samples were determined in Hebei Province.One hundred and seventy- two towns were confirmed to be excessive iodine areas,where the range of water iodine Wag 0.1～2840.4μg/L The water 8amDle with 18 358 had a water iodine median less than 150.0μg/L The areas with water iodine median less than 150.0μg/L,in between 150.0μg/L and less than 300.0μg/L,and equal to or more than 300.0 μg/L accounted for 94.86%,2.92%and 2.22%,respectively.There were 110 towns with water iodine median being between 150.0μg/L and iess than 300.0 μg/L and 62 towns with water iodine median equal to or more than 300 gμ/L.Exeessive iodine towns distributed in 33 counties of 6 cities involving 5 854 960 residents in'Hebei Provmce. MOBt of the water sources with excessive iodine Cangzhou were deep wells and there was a positive correlation between we depth and water iodine concentration (r=0.430,P<0.01), while they were shallow wells in Handan, Xingtai.Hengshui,and no correlation was found between well depth and water iodine concentration(r=-0.060,-0.119.-0.121,P>0.05).Conclusions Six cities have excessive iodine water resotlrees in Hebei Province, mostly in Handan.xingtai,Hengshui and Cangzhou Cities,which all are low-lying land.The water with excessive iodine is hypogene,and the towns with excessive iodine water distributein patchy or spot pattern.

AIMTo establish a comprehensive HPLC analytical method of Huanglianjiedu decoction.

METHODSThis study was performed by HPLC-UV/MS to identify the chemical constituents of the whole and individual herbs of the "Huanglianjiedu decoction". Zorbax Extend C18 (150 mm x 4. 6 mm ID, 5 microm) column was used; the mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile (A) and water (B, with 0.5% acetic acid) with gradient elution; the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the column temperature was setup at 25 degrees C. The detection wavelength was 254 nm.

RESULTSThe chromatogram of Huanglianjiedu decoction showed 21 main peaks. Peaks 1, 2, 5 and 18 were from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Peaks 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19 and 21 from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. While 10 from Coptis chinensis Franch and 20 from Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Peaks 3, 4, 6, 9, 11 and 12 came from them together. Peak 7 presented in the chromatograms of the herbs except Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. By comparison of the retention time, the on-line UV spectra and MS spectra, 11 peaks were identified as 5 (geniposide), 9 (jatrorrhizine), 10 (coptisine), 11 (palmatine), 12 (berberine), 13 (baicalin), 15 (oroxin A), 17 (wogonoside), 19 (baicalein), 20 (obaculactone), 21 (wogonin), then eight of them were quantified by HPLC-UV.

CONCLUSIONThe method could represent the characteristics of Huanglianjiedu decoction, and it could be used to evaluate the quality and quantity of Huanglianjiedu decoction. It distinguished between Coptis chinensis Franch and Phellodendron amurense Rupr. by HPLC for the first time.

Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Berberine Alkaloids ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Phellodendron ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; methods

AIMTo determine the molecular weight and first-order structure of somatostatin.

METHODSThe molecular weight of somatostatin was determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Somatostatin was deoxidized by 2-mercaptoethanol. A series of typical fragment ions of deoxidized product were obtained by insource collision-induced dissociation (CID).

RESULTSThe m/z of quasi-molecular ion [M + H]+ of somatostatin was 1,637.8 and [M + Na]+ was 1,659.5. The m/z of double-charge ion [M + 2H]2+ was 819.5 and [M + H + Na]2+ was 830.3. It showed that the molecular weight of somatostatin was 1,636.7. The y and b series of fragment ions of deoxidized product were obtained by adjusting the fragmentor voltage. It was determined that the first-order structure of deoxidized product of somatostatin was A-G-C-K-N-F-F-W-K-T-F-T-S-C.

CONCLUSIONThe molecular weight and first-order structure of somatostatin were confirmed.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; Somatostatin ; analysis ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods