No abstract available.
Intubation* ; Laryngeal Masks*

Suprapubic cystostomy by trocar is a simple, safe and useful method for urinary diversion in acute urinary retention. But rarely, severe complications occur during or after suprapubic cystostomy such as bowel perforation, through and through perforation of the bladder, rectal injury and severe hematuria. We studied the complications of suprapubic cystostomy retrospectively and compared 19 patients who performed ultrasonographic examination with 30 patients without ultrasonographic examination. The complications in 30 patients without preliminary ultrasonographic examination were initial failure in 4 cases (13.3%), extravesical Foley indwelling in 2 cases (6.7%), puncture site closed to the pubic bone in 2 cases (6.7%), spontaneous bladder rupture in 1 case (3.3%) and bowel injury in 1 case (3.3%). But, the complication in 19 patients with preliminary ultrasonographic examination was only 1 retried case (5.3%) because of extravesical Foley indwelling. As above results, the brief preliminary ultrasonographic examination of the bladder is a very useful method with minimal risk during suprapubic cystostomy by trocar.
Cystostomy* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Pubic Bone ; Punctures ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Surgical Instruments* ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Retention

PURPOSE: To investigate corneal surface changes and subjective symptoms after small incision cataract surgery and to compare the changes between clear corneal incision and corneoscleral incision. METHODS: The present prospective randomized study included 18 eyes of 18 patients with corneoscleral incision (Group 1) and 25 eyes of 25 patients with clear corneal incision (Group 2). All patients were examined for tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test, cornea and conjunctiva fluorescein staining, and dry eye symptoms using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). All values were compared before surgery and at one day, one week, four weeks, and seven weeks after surgery. RESULTS: BUT decreased significantly (p < 0.05) and fluorescein staining scores increased significantly (p < 0.05) at postoperative day 1. The values of BUT and fluorescein staining returned to the preoperative level at postoperative week 3 in Group 1. In Group 2, fluorescein staining scores returned at one week and BUT returned to the preoperative level at postoperative week 3. Postoperative Schirmer test results were unchanged compared to preoperative values, and there was no difference between the two groups. OSDI scores significantly improved compared to preoperative scores at postoperative one week. In Group 1, the scores improved at postoperative one week (p < 0.05) compared to those in Group 2 at postoperative three weeks (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification with a small incision induced transient corneal surface changes and tear film instability, but the changes returned to the preoperative level at postoperative three weeks. Dry eye symptoms also improved at postoperative one week. The changes lasted longer with clear corneal incision than with corneoscleral incision but returned to the preoperative level at postoperative three weeks in both groups.
Cataract ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Eye ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Prospective Studies ; Tears

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: A number of studies about the nano-treated surfaces of implants have been conducting along with micro-treated surfaces of implants. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to get information for the clinical use of nano-treated surfaces compared with micro-treated surfaces by measuring removal torque and analyzing histological characteristics after the placement of various surface-treated implants on femurs of dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Machined surface implants were used as a control group. 4 nano-treated surface implants and 3 micro-treated surface implants [resorbable blast media surface (RBM), sandblast and acid-etched surface (SAE), anodized RBM surface] were used as experimental groups. Removal torque values of implants were measured respectively and the histological analyses were conducted on both 4weeks and 8weeks after implant surgery. The surfaces of removed implants after measuring removal torque values were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 8 weeks. RESULTS: 1. Removal torque values of the nano-treated groups were lower than those of micro-treated groups. 2. Removal torque values were similar in the anodized RBM surface groups. 3. On the histological views, there was much of bone formation at 8 weeks, but there was no difference between 4 and 8 weeks, and between the types of implant surfaces as well. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that implant topography is more effective in removal torque test than surface chemistry. To get better clinical result, further studies should be fulfilled on the combined effect of surface topography and chemistry for the implant surface treatments.
Animals ; Dogs ; Femur ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteogenesis ; Titanium ; Torque

In order to study the clinical characteristics of primary acute angle closure glaucoma, we analyzed the data of 72 eyes from 63 patients with the disease from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 1993 to the Department of Ophthalmology of Chonnam University Hospital. The mean age of the patients was 63.3 years and female and male ratio was 5.9:1. And the mean IOP at first visit was 53.2 mmHg. There was no significant difference of rop between right and left eyes, and 11 patients had the disease in both eyes. 38% of the patients developed the disease in winter time. The development of the disease was closely associated with physical illness and emotional stress. 39 eyes(49.3%) of them was required filtering surgery because medication and laser treatment was insufficient to lower IOP.
Female ; Filtering Surgery ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure* ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Ophthalmology ; Stress, Psychological ; Trabeculectomy

This study was carried out to compare the difference between assist(A) and controlled(C) ventilation group's blood gases during the general anesthesia. All samples were taken from the radial artery. The results were as follows, 1) Pa CO2was increased to 43. 9 5torr+/-7. 85 in group A and decreased to 28. 65 torr+/-6. 05 in group C. (p(0. 005) 2) Acidemia(7.335+/-0.51) in group A and alkalemia(7. 481+/-0.07) in group C were noticed. (p(0. 005) 3) B.E. and bicarbonate levels were within normal range in both groups. It's necessary to choose the patterns of ventilation before anesthesia, because of the anesthesiologist were apt to give alveolar hyperventilation during the controlled ventilation manually, but mild respiratory acidosis were developed during the assist ventilation.
Acidosis, Respiratory ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blood Gas Analysis* ; Gases ; Hyperventilation ; Radial Artery ; Reference Values ; Ventilation

To Know the quantitative relation between the visual field defects and the disc cupping in glaucoma, 14 patients(26 eyes) with primary open angle glaucoma were studied. Visual field defects was measured with semi-automated Autofield-D perimeter. Optic disc was photograped with Canon CF-60Z wide angle camera and neuroretinal rim area was analyzed by using microcomputer (VAX-11/750) digitizer system. The following results were obtained: 1. Neuroretinal rim area on the nasal side was larger than that on the temporal side(p<0.05). There were no significance between superior and inferior side. 2. In the case of visual field defects, nasal side was larger than temporal side.(p<0.05). There was no significance between superior and inferior side. 3. The correlation between neuroretinal rim area and visual field area was significant in the mild visual field defects detected by using 2.9 filter and the moderate and marked field defects detected with either 2.4 or clear filter. 4. The correlation between neuroretinal rim area and visual field area(r=0.696) was higher than that between cup-disc ratio and visual field defects(r=0.568).
Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Microcomputers ; Visual Fields*

No abstract available.
Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1*

BACKGROUND: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is frequently accompanied by lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT). Some reports claim that Hashimoto's thyroiditis (the clinical form of LT) enhances the likelihood of PTC; however, others suggest that LT has antitumor activity. This study was aimed to find out the relationship between the patterns of helper T cell (Th) cytokines in thyroid tissue of PTC with or without LT and the clinicopathological manifestation of PTC. METHODS: Fresh surgical samples of PTC with (13 cases) or without (10 cases) LT were used. The prognostic parameters (tumor size, extra-thyroidal extension of PTC, and lymph node metastasis) were analyzed. The mRNA levels of two subtypes of Th cytokines, Th1 (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interferon γ [IFN-γ ], and interleukin [IL] 2) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10), were analyzed. Because most PTC cases were microcarcinomas and recent cases without clinical follow-up, negative or faint p27 immunoreactivity was used as a surrogate marker for lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: PTC with LT cases showed significantly higher expression of TNF-α (p = .043), IFN-γ (p < .010), IL-4 (p = .015) than those without LT cases. Although the data were not statistically significant, all analyzed cytokines (except for IL-4) were highly expressed in the cases with higher expression of p27 surrogate marker. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that mixed Th1 (TNF-α, IFN-γ , and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-10) immunity might play a role in the antitumor effect in terms of lymph node metastasis.
Biomarkers ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; Cytokines ; Follow-Up Studies ; Interferons ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukins ; Lymph Nodes ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; RNA, Messenger ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroiditis ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune*

We used slit scan cornea tomography/pachymetry system(ORBSCAN TM)to analyze corneal topographical changes in 44 eyes of 35 patients who had phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation. The patients were divided into 3 groups;6.0 mm superior scleral tunnel incision with double vertical sutures(group A, n=20), 4.0 mm superior scleral tunnel incision with no suture(group B, n=15), 3.0 mm temporal clear corneal incision(group C, n=9). ORBSCAN TM was performed once preoperatively and at the 1st day, the 1st week, the 1st month and, the 2nd month postoperatively and we checked if our findings showed differences in corneal surface elevation, thickness, and change of refractive power between the three groups. At the four postoperatve time intervals, there was no statistically significant elevation of anterior corneal surface. However, there was a statistically significant elevation of posterior corneal surface(3.0 mm distant from center to the incision)and increase of corneal thickness in 3 groups. At the first operative day, the mean elevation of posterior corneal surface was -145 micrometer in group A, -159 micrometer in group B and, -262 micrometer in group C. These significant elevations were resolved at postoperative 1 month for group A and C, but 1 week group B. At the postoperative day, the mean increase of central corneal thickness was 30.2 micrometer in group A, 85.8 micrometer in group B, 77.3 micrometer in group C and the mean increase of peripheral corneal thickness was 92.8 micrometer in group A, 100.0 micrometer in group B, 217.0 micrometer in group C. In all three groups, the peripheral thickness(near the incision site)showed higher increase than central thickness. After 1 week, central corneal thickness regained its preoperative thickness and peripheral thickness regained its preoperative thickness after 1 month. At the first postoperative day, there was peripheral flattening and central steepening in the suture group. The mean of refractive power change was decreased according to time interval and stabilized between first and second month postoperatively. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups.
Cataract* ; Cornea* ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Sutures