Access to the craniofacial skeleton and skull base requires osteotomies. An adequate exposure of neoplasms occupying the skull base and the oral cavity and oropharynx, especially retromolar trigone, is very important for precise tumor ablation. The demonstration by Tessier of the capacity for large segments of bone to survive removal and replacement has enabled skull base tumor surgery to grow into a subspeciality. Through the refined craniofacial exposure osteotomies, the surgery is safer, the operation shorter, and the result better both oncologically and reconstructively. We experienced 24 cases of exposure osteotomies consisting of 12 cases transzygomatic approaches, 1 case tranglabellar osteotomy, 1 case lateral transmaxillary approach, 1 case Le Fort II & midline splitting, and 9 cases mandibulotomy. There was no significant complication except a local wound infection in transzygomatic approach and one case of minimal malocclusion after parasymphyseal mandibulotomy. The orthotopic bone graft and the rigid fixation enables the postoperative morbidity to decrease. It seems that the previously inaccessible craniofacial tumors can be treated through the various exposure osteotomies.
Malocclusion ; Mouth ; Oropharynx ; Osteotomy* ; Skeleton ; Skull Base ; Transplants ; Wound Infection

The nodular vasculitis described by Montgomery on 1945 and is characterized by relatively chronic, persistent, or recurrent nodular lesions of nontuberculous origin chiefly on the legs. In the differential diagnosis the following must also be considered; erythema induratum, eythema nodosum, Weber-Christian disease, erythema nodosum migrans, recurrent thrombophrebitis and periarteritis nodosa. The authors observed one case of nodular vasculitis caused by sulfa drug. This patient was diagnosed to papulonecrotic tuberculid at first and treated by prednisolone 20 mg, INH 300 mg and streptomycin l.0 gm BIW. By the treatment, the patient, was cured completly within 3 months but visited again because of recurrence after 6 months. Therefore, same medication was given, but did not show improvment and added sulfa drug, Lederkyne. But, unfortunately the skin lesions was aggrevated after sulfa medication. It was suggestive that the cause of aggrevation was sulfa drug and discontinued the sulfa drug. The skin lesions were completely cured after the drug was discontinued.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Erythema Induratum ; Erythema Nodosum ; Humans ; Leg ; Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative ; Polyarteritis Nodosa ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Streptomycin ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous* ; Vasculitis*

We analysed forty-six cases of femoral neck fracture treated with internal fixation and followed for more than one year at Korea University Hospital from January 1979 to June 1986 and the following results were obtained. 1. Sex distribution was 23 cases(50%) male and 23 cases(50%) female, and average age was sixty years old (range from 21 to 91 years). 2. The most common cause of injury was slip down(76%). 3. The most common type of fracture was Garden's type III(46%) and Pauwels' type III (67%). 4. In cases of internal fixation, the most commonly used method was closed reduction and multiple pinning under the local aneshtesia(83%). 5. Bony union was established within 5.9 months in average. 6. Among forty six cases, 7 cases(15%) of avascular necrosis, 4 cases(9%) of malunion, and 2 cases(4%) of nonunion was occurred. 7. The clinical results were excellent in twenty cases(43%), good in sixteen cases(35%), fair in seven cases(15%), and poor in three cases(7%) according to Lunceford's assessment.
Clinical Study ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Sex Distribution

PURPOSE: To investigate the significance of E-cadherin expression in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder, as the prognostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have analyzed its immunoreactivity in 41 transitional cell carcinomas using a labelled streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique on the formalin-fixed and the paraffin-embedded tissues. E-cadherin is a Ca2+-dependent intracellular adhesion molecule of the epithelial tissue and the urothelium. We determined the E-cadherin expression in bladder carcinoma using immunohistochemical method and investigated relationship between pathological and clinical data. RESULTS: The percentage of cases showing weak pattern was higher in cases with high-grade or high-stage tumors as compared with those of low grade or low stage. The E-cadherin was expressed in a normal membranous pattern in all control cases. Abnormal E-cadherin expression was found in 8 of 20 superficial tumors and in 19 of 21 invasive tumors. Abnormal immunoreactivity was related to tumor differentiation and stage. Eight of 13 well-differentiated tumors showed preservation of membranous E-cadherin immunoreactivity, while 2 of 28 moderately and poorly differentiated tumors demonstrated normal staining patterns. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the loss of expression of E-cadherin in high grade or high stage transitional cell carcinoma of bladder is associated with bladder wall invasion, indicates metastasis, and may be clinical value in the assessment of prognosis.
Cadherins* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urothelium

No abstract available.
Bronchial Arteries* ; Hemoptysis*

We attempted to investigate the effects of curricular change on a basic medical science, anatomy, based on academic achievements including Basic Medical Education Examination (BMEE). We performed an analysis between the academic years of 2011 and 2012. Independent-samples t-test for the academic achievements, paired-samples t-test for the promotion, and correlation analysis for the related subcategory of the anatomy based on the results of BMEE, which was done with SPSS 22.0. In this follow-up study for two academic years, the academic achievements decreased as the students went to the next grade under the changed curriculum of anatomy. The academic achievements decreased as the students went to the next grade in the academic year 2012 while it increased in 2011 (p<0.01). Although averages of school evaluations were similar between the academic years, the academic achievements were different from each other: it was higher in first BMEE for 2012, and in second BMEE for 2011 (p<0.05). Although the correlation was not found among school evaluations, first and second BMEE of 2011, the associations were seen both between school evaluations (p<0.01) and each BMEE (p<0.05), respectively, in 2012. These results suggested that professors of medical school should continue to lead the direction of the curriculum improvement and management depending on the academic achievement, and also to monitor all the processes, maintaining a quality of the assessment system although it might be difficult to be representative or generalize for all medial schools.
Curriculum ; Education, Medical* ; Educational Measurement ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Schools, Medical

In May 1974, authors encountered a 37 year old Korean male who was suffering from very serious condition of acute abdomen. On exploratory laparotomy, a ruptured granulomatous mass in the proximal portion of the ileum showing extensive inflammatory and gangrenous changes was found and about 4 ft. long of the bowel was resected. From the honey-combed fibrous capsules in the mass, four plerocercoid larvae, spargana, measuring about 3 to 7 cm in lengths were extirpated. The patient had a past history of having eaten the raw flesh of a snake as a tonic about 7 months prior to admission. Four cases of intra-abdominal sparganosis reported previously in Korea and the present case were discussed briefly. Snakes and frogs in Korea are very important second intermediate hosts for the 1arva, Sparganum stage. It is most preferable that the habitual ingestion of the raw fleshes of them should be avoided in this country.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Spirometra sp. ; sparganum ; sparganosis ; laparatomy ; intestine ; perforation ; case report

In cross sectional fashion we recoreded the cone response in 98 adult diabetics and 20 normal controls according to the recommendation by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision. The photopic oscillatory potentials were extracted from the cone response by highpass filtering. The clear media and attached retina were criteria for inclusion in this study. The data were statistically analyzed expecting that this procedure may provide a feature that could have some clinical significance. The analysis of variance demonstrated that the summed amplitude of the oscillatory potentials, and second oscillatory potential amplitude were the most sensitive parameters to the diabetic retina. A timing delay in the first oscillatory potential wavelet, and a reduction in the second oscillatory potential amplitude and the summed amplitude of oscillatory potentials were the commonest abnormalities. Hence, the second oscillatory potential amplitude and the summed amplitude of oscillatory potentials may be the most valuable indicator among the photopic electroretinogram parameters representing a quantitative measure of overall retinal dysfunction.
Adult* ; Electrophysiology ; Humans ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde

No abstract available.

Malignant melanoma is an uncommon tumor in Korea. To the best of our knowledge, we could not find malignant melanoma with multiple myeloma in Korean literature. A 57-year-old male patient had a 4×5 cm sized, irregular bordered, dark brownish plaque on the left sole, which has extended gradually since about 1 year ago and showed an occasional bleeding tendency. Laboratory examinations revealed a low hemoglobin level, rouleaux formation on peripheral blood, monoclonal gammopathy of IgG-kappa type and Bence-Jones proteinuria. Bone marrow aspiration findings showed markedly increased immature plasma cells suggesting multiple myeloma. Histopathologic findings of the skin biopsy from the left sole revealed proliferation of atypical melanocytes. We performed a surgical excision with a skin graft for malignant melanoma and chemotherapy (melphalan, vincristine and prednisolone) for multiple myeloma.
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Drug Therapy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Melanocytes ; Melanoma* ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Paraproteinemias ; Plasma Cells ; Proteinuria ; Skin ; Transplants ; Vincristine