Objective To investigate the training methods decreasing parrot speech and producing active speech for autistic children.MethodsOne autistic child with parrot speech was trained with methods of closure, stress, rhyme and tongue antitheses.ResultsAfter 5 months training, the parrot speech of the child decreased and active speech increased significantly.ConclusionThe parrot speech of autistic children can be improved with educational training and multi-sensory input.

Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway Proseal (LMA Proseal) and Supreme (LMA Supreme) used in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery when the cuff-pressure was 35 cm H2O.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 20-70 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery, were randomized into2 groups (n = 30 each): LMA ProSeal group (group P) and LMA Supreme group (group S). After the LMA Proseal and LMA Supreme were inserted in group P and S respectively, the cuff pressure was monitored and maintained at 35 cm H2O by manipulate manometer. The airway sealing pressure, peak and mean airway pressure before and after pneumoperitoneum during mechanical ventilation and the complications were also recorded. Results The peak airway pressure was significantly higher after pneumoperitoneum than before pneumoperitoneum during mechanical ventilation (P ＜ 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the peak airway pressure before and after pneumoperitoneum between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05). The air leakage had never happened before or after pneumoperitoneum during mechanical ventilation. There was no significant difference in the airway sealing pressure between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of throat pain between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion When the cuff pressure is 35 cm H2O, the LMA ProSeal and Supreme can provide adequate ventilation during operation with fewer complications and can be used safely for laparoscopic surgery.

Objective To compare the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway Supreme (LMAS) and Streamlined Liner of the pharynx Airway (SLIPA) in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-70 yr weighing 45-80 kg undergoing general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 40 each): group LMAS and group SLIPA. Pharyngeal airway was inserted after induction of anesthesia with fentanyl 3μg/kg and propofol 2.0-2.5 mg/kg. MAP, HR, number of insertion, rate of successful placement at first attempt, placement time, airway sealing pressure, peak and mean airway pressure and side effects were recorded. Results There were no significant differences in MAP, HR and rate of successful placement at first attempt between the two groups. The placement time was significantly longer, the airway sealing pressure lower and the incidence of side effects higher in SLIPA group than in LMAS group. There was no significant difference in the peak and mean airway pressure between the 2 groups. Conclusion Both LMAS and SLIPA can assure good airway sealing and adequate ventilation. The complication is rare. The efficacy of LMAS is better.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of discharge planning in patients after total laryngectomy. Methods One hundred and four patients were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group, there were 52 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were received routine nursing, while the patients in the intervention group were received discharge planning based on routine nursing. The patients'days of hospitalization, scores of the Exercise of Self-care Agency Scale (ESCA) at discharge and 4 weeks after discharge, scores of University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL) at 4 weeks after discharge and re-admission rate were compared between the two groups. Results The ESCA scores in the intervention group at discharge (108.62 ± 11.23) and 4 weeks after discharge (116.35 ± 12.08) were significantly higher than those of the control group at discharge (96.16±10.34) and 4 weeks after discharge (105.20±10.76) respectively (t=5.886, 4.970, P<0.05), and the UW-QOL score in the intervention group (810.56±98.25) was significantly higher than that of the control group (687.32±96.74) at 4 weeks after discharge (t=6.445, P<0.05). No significant difference in the days of hospitalization was found between the intervention group (15.27 ± 3.33) and the control group (16.60 ± 3.97) (P>0.05). The re-admission rate in the intervention group (2/52,3.85%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (8/52,15.38%) (χ2=3.983, P<0.05). Conclusions Discharge planning can improve the ability of self-care and quality of life in patients after total laryngectomy, and reduce the re-admission to hospital.

The infection of HBV may cause acute and chronic hepatitis B,and potentially lead to hepatocirrhosis and liver cancer.As a defense mechanism of organism to resist external infection,RNA interference(RNAi) has become a powerful tool for us to study its effects on antiviral infection and gene therapy in recent years.In this article we summarize the mechanisms of RNA interference and the progress on anti-HBV infection studies by RNAi.

Objective To express EV71 VP1 in prokaryotic expression system,initially evaluate the ability of blocking EV71 infection and the neutralizing activity of its polyclonal antibody.Methods Construct the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET30a (+)-VP1.Induced expression in Transetta (DE3) with IPTG and identified by Western blot.After purified with HisBind Protein Purification Kit,its ability of blocking EV71 infection and the neutralizing activity of its polyclonal antibody were analyzed.Results Plasmid PET-30a(+)-VPI was constructed successfully and the objective protein was expressed effectively.The ELISA titer of the polyclonal antibody was 1:3200 while neutralizing titer was 1:16 and the recombination protein lost the ability of blocking EV71 infection.Conclusion The recombination protein can stimulate mice to produce antibodies and the polyclonal antibody shew neutralizing activity but the recombination protein lost the binding activity to receptors probably due to the wrong advanced structure.

Objective To investigate the virulence role of ompT of Escherichia coli in the patho-genesis of neonatal meningitis .Methods Adhesive abilities of the parent strain E 44 and the isogenic ompT-deletion mutant strain ( E44 ∶ΔompT) to human brain microvascular endothelial cells were evaluated in in vitro model.Low-copy-number plasmid pST containing ompT locus and point mutant plasmid pST 85 were transferred into E44 ∶ΔompT to construct the complemented mutant strain , and its adhesive ability was ana-lyzed.Influences of ompT deletion on E44 strain in its ability of bacterial intestinal colonization and ability of penetrating the blood-brain barrier were determined . Results In comparison with the parent strain , E44 ∶ΔompT strain showed significantly impaired adhesive ability to human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which could be partly restored by inserting the complementary plasmids of pST and pST 85.Deletion of the ompT did not affect Escherichia coli K1 in normal intestinal colonization in in vivo model.E44 ∶ΔompT strain could induce bacteremia , which was similar to that induced by the parent strain , but its ability of crossing the blood-brain barrier was significantly declined .Conclusion The study demonstrate that ompT plays an important role as the virulence element of Escherichia coli in binding to brain microvascular endothe-lial cells and penetrating the blood-brain barrier .Further study should be performed to investigate the influ-ences of OmpT proteinase on the virulence of Escherichia coil.

short peptide AS1 screened from the phage random peptide library of 12 amino acids has antigenicity and can react with sera of AS patients. These findings indicate that AS1 could be one of candidate molecules of AS-specific serum markers.

Objective:To explore the correlations of TNF-α-238 site gene polymorphism and the onset of Ankylosing Spondylitis(AS)in Hunan Han population.Methods:100 AS samples (including serum and whole blood) were collected from the Department of Immunology and Rheumatology of the Second Xiangya hospital from May 2008 to Jan 2009 and 90 samples of normal people were collected as control group.We detected the TNF-α-238 gene polymorphism of these subjects by using PCR-RFLP technique.The TNF-α level in the serum samples were measured by ELISA and HLA-B27 antigen was detected by flow cytometry (FCM).Then all of the data was analyzed by SPSS13.0 software.Results:There were 95 cases with the TNF-α-238 G/G genotype in 100 AS patients,5 cases with the G/A genotype.While in the control group,TNF-α-238 G/G genotype and G/A genotype were 88 cases and 2 cases respectively.There was no TNF-α-238 A/A genotype in both groups.The allele frequencies of G in AS group was higher than in the control group(98.9% vs.97.5%),while the allele frequencies of A in AS group was lower than in the control group(1.1% vs.2.5%).However,there were no significant difference both A allele frequencies and G allele frequencies (P＞0.05).In addition,the average TNF-α level in AS group was higher than in the control group significantly (10.16±1.19 pg/ml vs.5.64±1.18 pg/ml).And the average TNF-α level in AS patients with the genotype of G/A was higher than that of with the G/G genotype (13.49±1.27 pg/ml vs.9.44±1.29 pg/ml).There was a very large difference of the positive ratio of HLA-B27 between two groups (χ~2=114.975,P=0.000).After gene analysis of HLA-B27and TNF-α-238,the odds ratio(OR)was higher in both G/G genotype and HLA-B27 positive than HLA-B27 lonely.Conclusion:There is probably no relationship between the gene polymorphism of TNF-α-238 site and the onset of AS but the G/G genotype of TNF-α-238 may increase the sicken risk of AS in Hunan population.

Objective:To explore the expression level of IL-17,IL-23 in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and their clinical significance.Methods:A total of 25 patients with AR were treated as observe group , and 23 healthy volunteers were chosen as the control group.The levels of serum IL-17,IL-23 and specific-IgE ( s-IgE) were compared between the two groups.The relationships among serum IL-17,IL-23 and sIgE in patients with AR were discussed.Results:The levels of IL-17,IL-23 and sIgE in observe group were significantly higher than in control group.There was a positive linear correlation between the IL-17 and IL-23/the IL-23 and sIgE/the sIgE and IL-17 in observe group.Conclusion: The IL-17 , IL-23 might be the two important cytokine in the occurrence and development process of allergic rhinitis.The IL-17,IL-23 might be related to the formation of sIgE.