The incidence of the spondylolysis is very low before five years but during the adolescence the incidence increase. The etiologic factors of spondylolisthesis are congenital and acquired. The acquired factors are traumatic and stress fracture. Then there are many congenital properties of the etiologic factors for the spondylolisthesis because several congenital anomalies are combined with spondyolysis or isthmic spondylolisthesis. But there are few articles about relationship between the spondylolysis or isthmic spondylolisthesis and the congenital anomalies around the lumbosacral area. The purpose of this particular study is to search the etiologic factors that increase the degree of the vertebral slippage and relationship between the spondylolysis or ishtmic spondylolisthesis around the lumbosacral area. The plain X-ray and computed tomograms were taken in the 48 patients and the 26 control group that have not chronic low back pain previously. The patients were divided into three groups, such as the spondylolysis, grade I spondylolisthesis, and grade II spondylolisthesis. The parameters measured from the plain X-ray were the incidence of congenital anomalies and degree of vertebral slippate. The parameters measured from the computed tomograms were fact angles and the degree of pseudodisc. Tropism were present for 5 cases, and 16 cases at L3-4 facets, 12 cases, and 22 cases at L4-5 facets, 10 cases, and 28 cases at L5-S1 facets in control and patients group. There was no correlation between the presence or absence of tropism and the vertebral slippage. The sacralization was related with the vertebral slippage but other congenital anomalies were not related to the degree of vertebral slippage. There was a increment of vertebral slippage according to the increase of facet angle, but the linear correlation was absent on regression analysis. So statistical significance was absent among the control group and 3 patients groups. And the vertebral slippage was not significantly different among the groups that were divided according to the difference of facet angle. There was a linear correlation between the degree of the pseudodisc and the degree of vertebral slippage of square=0.60 on regression analysis. At present study, there was a trend of increase of vertebral slippage according to increase of facet angle and presence of the sacralization. And there was a linear correlation between the degree of the pseudodisc and the vertebral slippage.
Adolescent ; Fractures, Stress ; Humans ; Incidence ; Low Back Pain ; Spondylolisthesis ; Spondylolysis ; Tropism ; Zygapophyseal Joint

The Tikhoff-Linberg procedure is a limb-sparing surgical option to be considered for bony and soft tissue tumors in and around the proximal humerus and shoulder girdle. The authors reported 6 cases of the Tikhoff-Linberg procedure for tumors around the shoulder Joint at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Severance Hospital from March 1988 to August 1989. 1. The 6 cases were composed of 2 osteogenic sarcoma, 2 chondrosarcoma, 1 chondroblastoma, and 1 giant cell tumor cases. 2. The tumors were completely removed by the Tikhoff-Linberg procedure without amputation or disarticulation of the upper extremity. 3. The distal clavicle, upper humerus and or parts or all of the scapula were resected. 4. The Tihkoff-Linberg procedure was performed for patients whose tumors did not involve the neurovascular bundle in the axilIa. 5. The function of the hand and forearm after the Tihkoff-Linberg procedure are near normal in all cases. 6. The Tikhoff-Linberg procedure would be recommended as a limb-sparing operation for tumors around the shoulder joint that were required wide resection without disarticularion or forequarter of the upper extremities.
Amputation ; Chondroblastoma ; Chondrosarcoma ; Clavicle ; Disarticulation ; Forearm ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Hand ; Humans ; Humerus ; Orthopedics ; Osteosarcoma ; Scapula ; Shoulder Joint ; Shoulder ; Upper Extremity

We present a case of acquired, bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules in 50-year-old women, She had deeply brownish, confluent or solitary macules and patches distributed symmetrically on the both side of the forehead and temple, since years ago. But there was no involvement (of ocular and oral mucosa. Histopathologic findings showed flattening of the rete ridges and elongated or irregular shaped melanocytes containing many melaiiin granules, in upper-and mid-dermis. And most of melanocytes showed positive reactions on Dopa stain.
Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Female ; Forehead ; Humans ; Melanocytes ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; Nevus*

We experienced a case of scrotal calcinosis which was considered to be developed from the trichilemmal cysts of the scrotum. This 22 year-old male patient has been suffered from pea-sized hard muliple yellowish nodules of the scrotum since. about 5 years ago. Histopathologic findings revealed multiple cysts or calcium lumps surrounded by variable a.mounts of granulomatous inflammatory infiltrations in the dermis. The cysts were lined by stratified squamous epithelium without intercellular bridge and surrounded by scanty inflammatory cells. Several cysts contained homogenous keratinous material but most cysts contained calcium deposits within the homogenous keratinous materials or only the calcium lumps in the intact epithelial linings. Most of calcium lumps which had partially or completely disintegrated epithelial linings were surrounded by active granulomatous inflammatory infiltrations and a few calrium lumps with completely disintegrated epithelial linings had no surrounding inflammatory cells. Observing the above histopathologic features, we could consider that this case of scrotal calcinosis was developed from the scrotal trichilemmal cyst and some cases of idiopathic scrotal calcinosis, previousely reported, were the end stage of the above process.
Calcinosis* ; Calcium ; Dermis ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Male ; Scrotum ; Young Adult

The multifactorial etiology of BCC(basal cell carcinoma) are incompletely understood, including factors leading to multiple lesions in some patients. Cases of multiple BCCs reported in the literature have been associated with UV irradiation, inorganic arsenic poisoning, X-ray therapy, hematologic malignancy and several genodermatoses such as nevoid BCC syndrome, albinism, xeroderma pigmentosum. Multiple BCCs presented on the sun-protected areas, lacking predisposing risk factors which have been known, is rare skin condition. However, it suggests that there may be an unknown genetic susceptibility to the development of multiple BCCs. We report a rare case of multiple BCCs, which had developed only on the sun-protected areas in 64-year-old man, without any known predisposing causes.
Albinism ; Arsenic Poisoning ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Skin ; X-Ray Therapy ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum

A clinical and histopathologic study was done on 48 cases of cutaneous tuberculosis among 43, 209 out-patients in Dermatologic department of Korea t.Jniversity Hospital during the period of 15 years and 9 mont4s from January, 1969 to September, 1984. These 48 cases were consistent with skin tuberculosis in histologic and clinicalI finc1ings, The result were summarized as follows: ]. The incidence of skin tuberculosis was 0 I 1 g among 43, 209 cases of outpatients. 2. Localized type of skin tuberculosis was 3. 2 times more frequent than disseminated type. Frequent skin tuberculosis was lupus vulgaris (57 3%), erythema induratum (12, 5%), tuberculosis verrucosa cutis(8.3%) and lupus milaris disseminatus faciei (8. 3%). 4, The ratio between male and fenmle was 1: l. 1. 5 The ages of onset were variable according to the types of skin tuberculosis. but 45 8% of all cases developed in the age group between 10 and 29 years. Seasonal incidences of skin tuberculosis were 52. 1% in spring, 85%, in winter, 18. 8% in summer, 4, 2%, in autumn. 7 In histopathologic findings, there were tubercle or tubrculoid structures in all cases and typical tubercle structures were observed in 18.8% The ratio of accordance between the histopathologic diagnosis and clinicopa thologic diagnosis was 81.3%.
Diagnosis ; Erythema Induratum ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lupus Vulgaris ; Male ; Outpatients ; Seasons ; Skin* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous*

Supersoft roentgen rays called grenz rays, generated in a tube at low voltages and having wave lengths of 1 to 3 angstroms(H.V.L. 0. 01 to 0. 035mm. Al. ), are employed in the treatment of superficial derrnatoses patients (112 cases) in the Department of Dermatology, Cho Sun University hospital from March 1, 1972 to April 30, 1974. Results of these Series are as Follows: 1) Among the ll2 patients, including 28 patients of neurodermatitis, 14 patients of nummular eczema and. 10 patients of atopic dermatitis showed therapeutic success. 2) Grenz ray irradiations were remarkably effective for 6 cases of capillary hemangioma, 2 cases of basal celI epithelioma and 3 cases of verruca plana juvenilis, and less effective for psoriasis vulgaris, tinea pedis, acne vulgaris, nevus verrucosus and alopecia areata. 3) Complications included 21 cases of hyperpigmentation and burning sensations in neurodermatitis and nummular eczema.
Acne Vulgaris ; Alopecia Areata ; Burns ; Carcinoma ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatology ; Eczema ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Neurodermatitis ; Nevus ; Psoriasis ; Sensation ; Solar System ; Tinea Pedis ; Warts

PURPOSE: Epilepsy is one of the most important morbidities in childhood, but its underlying causes can not be found even though extensive studies have been done. Advances in diagnostic modalities, including neuroimaging such as MRI reveal the apparent underlying causes of epilepsies. Therefore, we evaluated specific causes of symptomatic epilepsy and compared clinical features with idiopathic epilepsy. METHODS: Three hundred nine epileptic children visited the Pediatric Department of Pusan National University Hospital from January, 1991 to June, 1998. Of these, 79 patients were determined as symptomatic epilepsy and the analysis of various clinical features was undertaken retrospectively, according to the presence or absence of underlying causes. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty two patients(75.1%) were idiopathic and 79 patients(24.9%) were symptomatic, the ratios of male to female and the ages at the onset of first seizure were 1.28 : 1, 1.48 1 and 3.24+/-5.65, 2.40+/-2.86 years(p>0.05, p<0.05), respectively. Causes of symptomatic epilepsy in order of frequency were birth asphyxia(29.9%), CNS malformation(27.3%), CNS infection(22.1%) and others(20.7%). The ratios of male to female and onset age of birth asphyxia, CNS malformation, CNS infection were 2.83 : 1, 1.91+/-2.64, 0.75:1, 2.35+/-2.92 and 1.43 : 1, 2.74+/-2.56, respectively. Seizure types in symptomatic group were classified as partial seizure in 22.1%, generalized seizure in 71.4% and unclassified in 6.5%, compared with those of idiopathic group classified as 46.6%, 51.7%, 1.7%, respectively. Intervals between medication start and seizure control in idiopathic and symptomatic groups were 146.5+/-148.7 days and 246.1+/-247.6 days, repectively(p<0.05). According to their etiology of birth asphyxia, CNS malformation and CNS infection were 364.5+/-315.0 days, 175.4+/-181.6 days, 199.9+/-215.3 days, respectively(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: CNS malformation, birth asphyxia, CNS infection were main causes of symptomatic epilepsy in childhood. In symptomatic epilepsy, generalized seizures was more common and occurred at a younger age. It takes more time to control seizure of symptomatic epilepsy.
Age of Onset ; Asphyxia ; Busan ; Child ; Epilepsy* ; Epilepsy, Generalized ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neuroimaging ; Parturition ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures

The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the morphologic change of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear group and control group by the quantitative analysis. The study groups of patients were; acute ACL tear group (21 patients), chronic ACL tear group (31 patients), and meniscus tear group (20 patients) that undertaken partial meniscectomy. To express curved shape of the PCL quantitatively, the authors made a line (basal line) between the femoral attachment and tib- ial attachment of the PCL and decided the point (apex) that was located most far away from the base line. And the authors made a line (line 1) between the femoral attachment and the apex of the PCL, another line (line 2) between the tibial attachment and the apex of the PCL, and quartered the base line; first quartile, Hl, second quartile, H2, and third quartile, H3. The authors measured the each angle between basal line and line 1 (angle a), between basal line and line 2 (angle b), each height of the PCL at each quartile (Hl, H2, H3) and at the apex of the PCL on the basal line (H4). Three groups were compared and examined which factor was able to decide whether the ACL was ruptured or nnt. Angle a was significantly higher in chronic ACL tear group than acute ACL tear group and meniscus tear group. In conclusion, the PCL of sigmoid or curled up shape is a more constant finding of chronic ACI tear than acute ACL tear.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Retrospective Studies

Avulsion fractures of the tibial tuberosity are uncommon and they usually occur in adolescents during sports activities. Ogden et al modified Watson-Jones classification into three types. To our knowledge, only two cases of tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures combined with meniscal tear were reported. We report an Ogden-type III intra-articular fracture of the tibial tuberosity combined with tear of the medial meniscus.
Adolescent ; Classification ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Menisci, Tibial ; Sports