Objective To investigate the effect of extracapsular cataract extration by small incision after glaucomatous filtering surgery.Methods Non-phacoemulsificatinon extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation through temperal small tunnel incision was performed on 56 eyes of 48 glaucoma patients with preexisting filtering bleb.Results Visual acuity was improved in 56 eyes of 48 cases postoperatively.No severe complication was found intraoperatively and postoperatively.The postoperative IOP was (14.18?3.72)mm Hg.The functiond filtering bled had no apparently cicatrisation.Conclusion The operation is an effective method to treat cataract after glauconcatous filtering surgery.

The technique of transcervical chorionic villus sampling (TCVS) was studied in 155 cases for selected abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy, and 3 kinds of suction tube were compared. The ultrasonic mothod for the aspiration of chorionie villus sampling is more effective than the blind aspiration, giving a success rate of 99%. The modified suction tube with a stainless steel wire along-side as a supporter is simpler than the Portex's tube, giving a oneshot success rate of 85%. This shows that the TCVS is more satisfactory if the embryo is implanted into the posterior wall of the uterus. With the B-mode scanner, it gives the highest one-shot success rate and the amount of the obtained tissue is the greatest in the 7th and 8th weeks of gestation. Twenty cases were followed up for 3 to 7 days after the procedure before selective abortion. No complications occurred during and after the TCVS, indicating that this technique ia simple, safe and reliable.

Mother-Fetus ABO blood group incompatibility is one of the most common causes of hemolytic disease of newborns in China. To identify the blood group of the fetus in case of suspected mother-fetus blood group incompatibility in the first trimester of pregnancy, the author determined blood group substance (BGS) in 40 chorionic villi samples taken by the absorption-elution procedure during 6 to 12 weeks of gestation, with a simultaneous parental blood group determination as control. The BGS detected in those specimens were all in accordance with those of the blood groups of their coriesponding parents. Among the 40 samples of chorionic villi, 20 were redetermined, and the results were the same. This demonstrates the feasibility of the procedure to identify the fetal blood groups by the determination of BGS in the chorionic villi by transcervical aspiration. The study presents, apparently, a new and simple diagnostic method for detecting mother-fetus blood incompatibility in early pregnancy, thas giviing a prospectively preventive study on those types of blood group incompatibility.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal injection (IT) of dexmedetomidine targeting Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) on neuropathic pain and spinal cord levels of TLR3 mRNA,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) proteins in rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups(n =10):the sham group(intrathecal normal saline,IT NS),CCI group (CCI + IT NS),DEX-pre group (CCI + IT DEX pre 2ds),DEX-post group (CCl + IT DEX post 7ds) and DEX + ATIP group (CCI + IT DEX + ATIP).The lumbar intrathecal catheters were implanted in L5_6 of rats and CCI models were established as previously described.The thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were assessed by paw withdrawal latency(PWL) to radiant heat and yon Frey filaments.The DEX was administered intrathecally for 7 days starting from 2 day before surgery or 7day after surgery.The spinal cord expression of TLR3 mRNA was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Levels of IL-1β,TNF-α in spinal cord were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Compared with the sham group,animals in CCI group had significandy lower mechanical (F =12.73,P ＜ 0.05) and thermal pain thresholds (F =14.65,P ＜ 0.05),higher expression of TLR3 mRNA (F =11.03,P ＜ 0.05) and levels of IL-1 β (F =9.67,P ＜ 0.05),TNF-α(F =8.78,P ＜ 0.05) in the spinal cord (P ＜ 0.05).Rats in DEX-pre group had significantly higher mechanical (F =11.03,P ＜ 0.05) and thermal pain thresholds (F =15.03,P ＜ 0.05) and significantly lower expression of TLR3 mRNA (F =14.65,P ＜0.05) and levels of IL-1β (F =12.51,P＜0.05,TNF-α (F =9.01,P ＜0.05) in the spinal cord compared with those in the CCI group (at any observed time points after ligation,but most significantly at 7 d).And the effects of DEX-pre group were abated by IT ATIP at the same time or 7days after surgery alone (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Intrathecal injection of DEX can decrease the levels of inflammatory factors by decreasing the TLR3 mRNA in the spinal cord of rats and prophylactic relieve the neuropathic pain induced by CCI.

Objective To investigate the safety of the application of dexmedetomidine in patients with heart failure .Methods The selective cardiac surgery 80 patients with heart failure were randomly divided into two groups ( n =20 each):group I:0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine intravenous injection in 10 min;and group II:control group.Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pres-sure (DBP), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and bispectral index (BIS) were recorded at 10, 20, 30 min after injec-tion.Cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume variation (SVV) were also recorded at the time after radial artery and internal jugular vein puncture , and Ramsay and visual analogue scale ( VAS) score were also given to each patients of two groups at 30 min.Results The SBP, DBP, HR, and BIS of group I were lower than group II at 10 and 20 min after injection ( P <0.05 ); the SBP, DBP, HR, and BIS of group I were also lower than group II at the time after radial artery and internal jugular vein puncture [ SBP:(124.9 ± 15.5)mmHg vs (138.7 ±17.8)mmHg;(128.9 ±17.8)mmHg vs (140.3 ±19.3)mmHg, P <0.05;DBP:(69.4 ±10.2)mmHg vs (80.1 ±11.2)mmHg;(70.5 ±11.8)mmHg vs (87.7 ±13.6)mmHg, P <0.05;HR:(65.3 ±9.4)bpm vs (78.8 ±10.9)bpm;(68.2 ±10.8)bpm vs (80.9 ±13.3)bpm, P <0.05;BIS:84.5 ±5.7 vs 95.4 ±3.7;87.8 ±7.7 vs 95.3 ±4.7, P <0.05]; The CO, SVV, and SpO2 were no difference between two groups;the Ramsay(3.4 ±1.5 vs 1.2 ±0.4;3.9 ±1.7 vs 1.4 ±0.5) and VAS (2.1 ±0.7 vs 3.8 ±2.1;1.9 ±1.5 vs 4.1 ±2.1)score of group I were lower than group II ( P <0.05).Conclusions A amount (0.5 μg/kg) of dexmedetomidine intravenous injection can be safely used in patients with heart failure .

Objectives To observe the effect of flurbiprofen as preemptive analgesic and it's relative adverse reactions in pa-tients undergoing selective craniotomy .Methods Sixty patients undergoing selective craniotomy were divided into two groups randomly by age,sex,location of craniotomy:observation group (Group-flurbiprofen) and control group (Group-saline).Monitored sonoclot signal and estimate bleeding amount during the operation .Evaluated the quality of emergence after operation .Recorded the VAS pain scores 2 hours,6 hours,12 hours and 24 hours after operation ,and the occurrence of adverse reactions as nausea , vomiting and respiratory de-pression.Results The concentration of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in the serum of the observation group was lower than that of control group( P <0.05).There were no significant differences in ACT (activated coagulation time) and CR (clot rate) of the two groups( P>0.05),but the PF (platelet function) of observation group was lower than that of control group ( P <0.05).There were no signifi-cant differences in awakening time and extubation time of the two groups ( P >0.05).The 2 hours'pain scores of the two groups was of no significant difference( P >0.05),but the pain scores of observation group were lower than that of control group in 6 hours,12 hours and 24 hours after operation( P <0.05).The occurrence of nausea , vomoting and respiratory depression had no significant differences ( P >0.05) .Conclusions Flurbiprofen as preemptive analgesic can reduce the postoperative pain in patients undergoing cranioto -my,without increasing the occurrence of nausea , vomit and respiratory depression .It can effect the platelet function ,but could not in-crease the amount of bleeding .

AIM: To investigate the effect of prostanoid DP receptors (DPR) on sleep-wake regulation in mice. METHODS: Under pentobarbital anesthesia, mice were chronically implanted with electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) electrodes for polysomnographic recordings. The spontaneous sleep-wake cycles were monitored continuously by EEG/EMG recording system for 24 h beginning at 800 p.m. and analyzed by SLEEPSIGN software in DPR knock out (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. RESULTS: DPR-KO mice exhibited a similar circadian rhythm of sleep-wake cycles to WT mice. The amounts of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or non-REM (NREM) sleep during both the light and dark periods were identical between the DPR-KO and WT mice. Whereas, an increase in the episode number of wakefulness and a shortage in the duration of NREM sleep were found in DPR-KO mice during the light period compared with WT mice. Moreover, DPR-KO mice showed lower activity in delta-wave component in NREM sleep and higher activity in theta-wave component in REM sleep than WT mice. CONCLUSION: DPR plays a crucial role in mediating the prostaglandin D2-induced sleep. Deficiency of DPR results in the low intensity and fragmented diurnal NREM sleep and the high vigilance REM sleep, with the normal circadian rhythm of sleep in mice.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) remains one of the most important pathogens in children,which usually causes acute EBV infection,chronic active EBV infection,hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,lymphoma and other cancers.Therefore,effective laboratory diagnosis is of importance in diagnosis,surveillance,and control of EBV-associated disease.Currently,a variety of detection methods have been applied in clinical laboratories and typical diagnostic assays are always focusing on EBV-DNA and serological tests.Different assays vary in different purposes and applications,which seems to be difficult to choose an appropriate technique.This article aims at systematically analyzing clinical significance of these assays and evaluating the immune functions of EBV infection and the detection of susceptibility genes of EBV-related disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) combined with dexmedetomidine on the lung injury during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in the patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Methods Eighty ASA physical status I or Ⅱ patients, scheduled for elective radical operation for esophageal cancer, were randomly divided into 2 groups(40 patients each group) using a random number table: control group and RIPC combined with dexmedetomidine group (ORD group). In ORD group,10 min after endotraeheal intubation, RIPC was induced by 3 cycles of 5 min lower extremity ischemia followed by 5 min reperfusion, and at the same time a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 15 min and then dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 0.5 μg/(kg·h) until the end of operation. At 0, 30 min, 1 h and 2 h of OLV(T1-4), blood samples were obtained from the radial artery for blood gas analysis and determination of plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1βand IL-10.Oxygenation index and respiratory index were calculated. Exhaled breath condensate was collected at T1, T3 and T4, and the pH value was measured. Results The respiratory index at T2-4 in 2 groups were significantly higher than those at T1, control group: 1.16 ±0.12, 1.02 ±0.10 and 0.97±0.12 vs. 0.49±0.06, ORD group: 0.84±0.15, 0.72±0.12 and 0.65±0.10 vs. 0.48±0.08, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The oxygenation index at T2-4 in 2 groups were significantly lower than those at T1, control group: (287.1±21.8), (306.8±35.2) and (312.9±25.5) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (426.5±39.0) mmHg, ORD group: (335.0±34.7), (341.1±41.3) and (359.1±38.8) mmHg vs. (433.6±23.8) mmHg, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the respiratory index at T2-4 in ORD group were elevated, the oxygenation index at T2-4 in ORD group were depressed, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The TNF-α and IL-1β at T3-4 in 2 groups were significantly higher than those at T1, control group: (31.4±6.7) and (38.3±7.2) μg/L vs. (16.2±5.1) μg/L, (7.2±1.6) and (12.3±4.2) μg/L vs. (3.0±0.7) μg/L, ORD group: (21.7±5.4) and (23.4±5.1) μg/L vs. (16.3±4.7) μg/L, (4.8±0.9) and (6.3±1.6) μg/L vs. (2.9±0.8) μg/L, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The pH value of exhaled breath condensate at T3-4 in 2 groups were significantly lower than those at T1, control group: 6.41±0.23 and 6.33±0.21 vs. 6.93±0.35, ORD group: 6.79±0.30 and 6.74±0.33 vs. 7.07±0.22, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The IL-10 at T4 in 2 groups were significantly higher than those at T1, control group:(30.6±6.3) μg/L vs. (19.2±5.3) μg/L, ORD group: (41.3±5.2) μg/L vs. (19.5±4.9) μg/L, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the TNF-α and IL-1β at T3-4 in ORD group were depressed, the pH value of exhaled breath condensate at T3-4 in ORD group were elevated, the IL-10 at T4 in ORD group was elevated, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions RIPC combined with dexmedetomidine can inhibit inflammatory responses and reduce airway acidification, thus attenuate the lung injury during OLV in the patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

Objective To explore the effects of cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 preconditioning on spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.Methods A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats was randomly divided into four groups (n =8):sham group,control group,dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) group which was given intraperitoneally DMSO 0.3 ml 30 min before ischemia reperfusion,and WIN group which was given intraperitoneally WIN55,212-2 1 mg/kg 30 min before ischemia reperfusion.Each rat was neurologically assessed at 24 h and 48 h after reperfusion by Tarlov scale,and the number of normal motor neurons at anterior horn of the spinal cord was recorded.Res uits The Tarlov scale of WIN group was significantly higher than that control and DMSO groups (P ＜ 0.05).There were more normal motor neurons at anterior horn of the spinal cord in WIN group than those in control and DMSO groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 preconditioning might attenuate spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury.