Objective To study the correlation between abdominal near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants.Method From September 2015 to June 2016,preterm infants admitted to the NICU of our hospital were enrolled in this study.Nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to monitor the tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) of lower right abdomen of the patients.These preterm infants were assigned into NEC group and non-NEC group depending on whether NEC was developed during hospitalization.The abdominal StO2 within the first week after birth were compared between the two groups.Result A total of 77 infants were enrolled in this study,18 preterm infants in the NEC group and 59 in the non-NEC group.The gestational age and birth weight of the patients in the NEC group were lower than the non-NEC group.The NEC gioup had significantly higher incidences of mechanical ventilation,vasoactive agent usage and comorbidity of infection than the non-NEC group (P ＜0.05).No significant differences in the proportion of gender,application of umbilical venous catheters and the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The abdominal StO2 of the NEC group was significantly lower than the non-NEC group (69.0％ ± 5.8％ vs 82.8％ ± 6.7％,P ＜0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower abdominal StO2 is an independent risk factor for NEC (OR =0.676,95％ CI 0.548 ～ 0.834,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Abdominal NIRS monitoring may be helpful for the early diagnosis of NEC.

BACKGROUND:Breast cancer stem cel s have a greater impact on the occurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. Under simulated tumor microenvironment, we can better analyze the proliferation and differentiation of breast cancer stem cel s. OBJECTIVE:To explore the tumor microenvironment effect on the differentiation of breast cancer stem cel s. METHODS:Breast cancer cel s and MCF-7 cel s were primarily cultured in fibroblast supernatant and serum-free PCM-2 medium, and formation of breast cancer cel s microspheres was observed. Proliferative ability of breast cancer cel s was detected using MTT colorimetry, and the surface markers of breast cancer stem cel s and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers were measured using immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The diameter of primary cel microspheres was larger in the serum-free PCM-2 medium than in the fibroblast supernatant, but the culture speed was faster in the fibroblast supernatant than the serum-free PCM-2 medium. At 3 days of primary culture, the expression of ALDH1 in primary cel s was greatly higher in the serum-free PCM-2 medium than in the fibroblast supernatant. However, the expressions of E-cadherin and vimentin were up-regulated in the fibroblast supernatant than in the serum-free PCM-2 medium. In addition, the expressions of E-cadherin and vimentin in MCF-7 cel s cultured in the fibroblast supernatant were up-regulated, while the expressions of ALDH1 and Oct-4 were downregulated. These findings indicate that the tumor environment has some certain effects on the growth and differentiation of breast cancer stem cel s, and some cytokines secreted from fibroblast supernatant can promote the proliferation and differentiation of breast cancer stem cel microspheres to some extent.

[Objective] To compare the axial length (AL) measured with IOLMaster and contact A-Scan in eyes with macular edema (ME) and to investigate the correlation between measurement difference and foveal thickness.[Methods] Sixty-seven ME eyes of 42 patients (ME group) and 40 healthy eyes of 30participants (control group) were enrolled in this study.Foveal thickness was measured with 3D optical coherence topography (OCT)-1000.The AL was prospectively measured by IOLMaster and contact A-scan,The correlation between measurement difference and foveal thickness was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.[Results] Mean foveal thickness of ME eyes was (377.85± 119.84) μm.Mean AL by IOLMaster and contact A-scan were (22.95±0.97) mm and (22.82±1.04) mm in ME group,and (23.21±1.08) mm and (23.17 ± 1.15) mm in the control group respectively.The difference between two groups was statistically significant (t=-3.102,P=0.003).There was no correlation between measurement difference and foveal thickness in ME group (r=-0.097; P =0.447).[Conclusion]s There is a difference of AL measurements using contact A-scan and IOLMaster in ME eyes.However,there was no correlation between measurement difference and the foveal thickness.

Objective In recent years , SIT has gradually become the main way for the treatment of allergic rhinitis .To con-trast the clinical efficacy of specific immune therapy for one year and two years of allergic rhinitis and discuss the appropriate mainte -nance treatment time of subcutaneous immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus . Methods Ninety-eight patients with al-lergic rhinitis to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were allocated to receive either treatment for one year (A group, n=46) or treatment for two years(B group, n=52).Nasal symptoms and medication scores of two groups were assessed to evaluate the clinical efficacy af -ter treatment respectively , and evaluate the quality of life of patients . Results There was no statistical significance in nasal symptom and medication scores between the two groups after one year treatment (7.00 ±1.08 vs 6.63 ±0.79, 1.50 ±0.51 vs 0.41 ±0.42, P>0.05).The quality of life in patients with decreased , but lack of statistical significance (345.00 ±31.89 vs 344.42 ±32.26, P>0.05).It presented statistical significance in nasal symptom and medication scores between the two groups after two years treatment (6.20 ±0.78 vs 4.29 ±0.64, 0.53 ±0.43 vs 0.21 ±0.34, P<0.05).The quality of life between patients also presented statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with A group, B group can significantly alleviate the symptoms of allergic rhinitis , so we think the optimal maintenance treatment time of specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis should be at least 2 years.

Objective To screen the genes related to novel gene AngReml04. Methods Gene chip was employed to detect the genes related to AngRem104 by its over-expressed constructs, which was produced by transfection of the sense- and antisense-AngReml04 into human mesangial cells, and then RT-PCR was used to confirm the up-regulated expression of related genes. Results There were 94 genes up-regulated and 2 genes down-regulated when AngRem104 was over-expression. The different expression genes were cataloged as extracellular matrix and receptor protein, DNA-binding and transcription-related protein, immune-related protein, cytoskeletal and dynamic protein, synthesis and metabolism related protein. Fibronectin (FN) and integrin beta 1 (fibronectin receptor) were dramatically over-expressed in the top of all up-regulated genes. Furthermore, the correlative expression between AngReml04 and FN was detected by RT-PCR. Conclusion Gene chip not only demonstrates the clues for further investigation of novel gene AngRem 104, but also reveals the co-expression of AngRem104 and fibronectin.

To confirm the existence of heme oxygenase (HO)- carbon monoxide (CO)- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HT-MCs) in vitro, and to evaluate the inductive role of hemin on this pathway, HTMCs of the third to fourth generation were cultured in vitro. Reverse transcripase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for detection of HO-1 and HO-2 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect HO-1 and HO-2 proteins. Hemin was added into the culture solution. The HO-1 mRNA levels were quantified by RT-PCR. The relative amount of carbon monoxide released into the media was measured with the quantifying carbon monoxide hemoglobin (HbCO) by spectrophotometry. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine changes of cGMP in HTMCs. The results showed that cultured cells had the specific characteristics of HTMCs. Both HO-1 and HO-2 genes were expressed in HTMCs, as well as HO-1 and HO-2 proteins in HTMCs. Hemin induced HO-1 mRNA, HbCO and cGMP in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, HO-CO-cGMP pathway exists in the cultured HTMCs and can be induced by hemin. Pharmacological stimulation of HO-CO-cGMP pathway may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to rescuing glaucoma.
Carbon Monoxide/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic GMP/*biosynthesis ; Cyclic GMP/genetics ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/*biosynthesis ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Trabecular Meshwork/cytology ; Trabecular Meshwork/*metabolism

To establish a simple and reliable animal model of skin photo-damage, 20 mice were treated with 8-MOP and exposed to UVA (UVA 320-400 nm) for 24 h. After irradiation, the structure of the epidermis and dermis, collagen fibers, elastic fibers were observed by using HE staining and Weigert technique and compared with the normal controls. The acanthosis and epidermis proliferation with accompanying hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis were observed. Inflammatory infiltration was noted in the dermis. The elastic fibers became coarse, irregularly arranged and clustered, with their number increased. The collagen fibers showed obvious degeneration and some amorphous materials could also be observed. The blood vessels were irregularly dilated and vascular walls were thickened, with infiltration of inflammatory cells. It is concluded that murine photodamage model can be quickly, conveniently and reliably established by means of 8-MOP/UVA.
Dermis/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epidermis/pathology ; Methoxsalen/*pharmacology ; Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology ; Skin/*pathology ; Skin Aging ; Ultraviolet Rays

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataract are the most common causes of low vision worldwide.Nowadays, there is still a controversy about whether cataract surgery should be taken in patients combined with AMD and when should the surgery be taken.The aim of this review is to assess the influence of cataract surgery on the occurrence and development of AMD, to analyze the risk factors, to explore the occasion of cataract surgery in patients with AMD, and joint with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment, also including the development and application of intraocular lens.It helps to avoid and postpone the development and progression of macular degeneration after cataract surgery and get good visual outcome.

Objective To observe the effects of serum containing the medicine of Tujian Mixture on phospho-Akt and phospho-PTEN of glomerular mesangial cell (MC) cultured in high concentrations of glucose. Method The glomerular mesangial cells from SD rat were divided into six groups:the normal control group, the group of MC cultured in high concentrations of glucose, and four other groups cultured in high concentrations of glucose + different concentrations of rat’s serum containing Tujian Mixture. After 72 hours, the content level of phospho-Akt (Thr308) and phospho-PTEN (Ser380) in MC was detected by using sandwich ELISA. Results The level of phospho-Akt (Thr308) in the group of MC cultured in high concentrations of glucose was significant higher than that in the normal control group (P

This paper reported the history of avian flu outbreaks in China from 1996 to 2006, directed the characteristics of avian influenza outbreaks in recent years. China is one of the biggest poultry producers in the world and many migratory birds go through China, China faces high risk of pandemic bird flu. The continuing occurrence of sporadic human cases indicates that the virus is continuing to circulate in birds in some parts of the country. In the fighting again avian flu virus, China has developed some possible practice on precautionary and control measure. China enhances international cooperation and scientific involvement in the prevention and control of the avian flu. The State Council and Ministry of Agriculture issued the laws and regulations on avian flu. Wild birds may have played a role in getting domestic fowl and human beings infected with bird flu. Poultry manure is considered to be another key source of the spread routes of H5N1 virus, but the bio - security processing in free range poultry farming and waste products is very poor disposition in China. Epidemic control at grassroots level still needs to be strengthened.