We investigated the effect of topical application of retimids on the corneal neovascularization in the rat induced by chemical cauterization. The center of corneas of Wistar rats were Cauterized with a silver/potassium nitrate applicator for 5 seconds. And then they were treated topically with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 2.0% all-trans retimids (retinol, retinoic acid, retinaldehyde) and dimethyl sulfoxide as a control four times a day. After appiications of eye drops for 5 days, each rat was kined and then perfused with a mixture of 11% gelatin 10% India ink-lactated Ringer's solution. Corneal flat preparation were made, and then the percent of the corneal area occupied by blood vessels were analized by computerized image analyzer. Percent vascularization of 0.1% and 0.2% retnoids were not significantly different from control group(p>0.05). Percent vascu1arization of 0.5% retinaldehyde and all 2.0% retnoids were significantly lower than the contml group(p>0.5). These naturally occurring retinoids were effective in antiarlgiogenesis of rat cornea at relatively high concentrations (>0.5%), when treated topicany, It will be necessary to further study on more potent antiangiogenic, at lower concentration, synthetic retimids for the treatment of angiogenic diseases.
Animals ; Blood Vessels ; Cautery ; Cornea ; Corneal Neovascularization* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Gelatin ; India ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinoids* ; Tretinoin

We investigated the effect of topical application of retimids on the corneal neovascularization in the rat induced by chemical cauterization. The center of corneas of Wistar rats were Cauterized with a silver/potassium nitrate applicator for 5 seconds. And then they were treated topically with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 2.0% all-trans retimids (retinol, retinoic acid, retinaldehyde) and dimethyl sulfoxide as a control four times a day. After appiications of eye drops for 5 days, each rat was kined and then perfused with a mixture of 11% gelatin 10% India ink-lactated Ringer's solution. Corneal flat preparation were made, and then the percent of the corneal area occupied by blood vessels were analized by computerized image analyzer. Percent vascularization of 0.1% and 0.2% retnoids were not significantly different from control group(p>0.05). Percent vascu1arization of 0.5% retinaldehyde and all 2.0% retnoids were significantly lower than the contml group(p>0.5). These naturally occurring retinoids were effective in antiarlgiogenesis of rat cornea at relatively high concentrations (>0.5%), when treated topicany, It will be necessary to further study on more potent antiangiogenic, at lower concentration, synthetic retimids for the treatment of angiogenic diseases.
Animals ; Blood Vessels ; Cautery ; Cornea ; Corneal Neovascularization* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Gelatin ; India ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinoids* ; Tretinoin

OBJECTIVE: This open prospective study was performed to investigate the therapeutic efforts and side effects profiles of nemonapride in the schizophrenic patients, and was compared with one of typical anti-psychotics, haloperidol. METHOD: Sixty male or female schizophrenic patients were treated for 12 weeks with nemonapride(n=32) and haloperidol(n=28). The overall clinical therapeutic effects were assessed at baseline, 1st week, 2nd week, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week using the PANSS, the BPRS and the CGI scale. Also, the overall clinical side effects were assessed in the same time period using ESRS, UKU side effect rating scale and global assessment for side effect scale. RESULTS: There were not a significant differences in PANSS score(total, positive, negative and general psychopathology subscale), BPRS(total score), CGI scale score between nemonapride and haloperidol trial groups. And also, there were not a significant differences in the ESRS, the UKU side effect rating scale, the Global assessment far side effect stale score between nemonapride and haloperidol trial groups. 59% of the nemonapride-treated patients(n=32) were categorized as treatment responders, who showed at least a 20% decrease in total PANSS score at baseline state, was compared with 64% of haloperidol-treated patients(n=28). 72% of the nemonapride-treated patients were categorized as treatment responders, who showed at least a 20% decrease in total BPRS score at baseline state, compared with 68% of haloperidol-treated patients. There were not significant differences in these both treatment responder groups. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the therapeutic effects and side effects profiles of nemonapride and haloperidol groups.
Female ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of cerebral glucose metabolism between narcoleptic patients and normal controls. METHODS: We enrolled 24 patients with narcolepsy who underwent night polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests to confirm the narcolepsy. 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography scan was performed in all narcoleptic patients and 24 normal age-sex matched controls. To compare the cerebral glucose metabolism between the two groups, statistical parametric mapping (SPM99) was used. RESULTS: Patients with narcolepsy showed significant decreases of cerebral glucose metabolism in the bilateral rectal and subcallosal gyri, right superior frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, bilateral precuneus, right inferior parietal lobule, and left supramarginal gyrus of the parietal lobe at the uncorrected P<0.001. The bilateral posterior hypothalami and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei showed glucose hypometabolism at the level of corrected P<0.05 with small volume correction. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed cerebral glucose hypometabolism of hypothalamus-thalamus-orbitofrontal pathways in narcoleptic brains. The distribution of abnormal glucose metabolism is concordant to the cerebral pathways of the hypocretin system.
Brain ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Metabolism* ; Narcolepsy* ; Parietal Lobe ; Polysomnography ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Rabeprazole ; Thalamic Nuclei ; Thalamus ; Orexins

The efficacy nd tolerance of topical administration of levocabastine(0.5mg/ml)were evaluated in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. A total of 166 patients who had a typical history of atopy and a positive skin test were recruited in this study. Five clinicl symptoms(itch, tearing, chemosis, lid edema and conjunctival injection) were assessed according to a four point scale before the treatment and at 1 and 2 weeks post-therapy. Total symptom severity score before the therapy, 6.68, was remarkably decreased to 2.86 at 1 week and 2.08 at 2 weeks after the treatment. The investigators rated the treatment as globally good or excellent in 68.1% of patients checked at 1 week and 72.5% at 2 weejs after treatment. And the patients evaluated that the therapy ws good to excellent in 66.9% at 1 week and 73.1% at 2 weeks after treatment. Levocabastine eye drops has a fast onet of action with 55.4% of the patients feeling symptom relief within 15 minutes after the first administration. The adverse effect was experienced in 44 patients. Ocular irritation sign, such as foreign body sensation or soreness, was the most frequently reported complaint. These results suggest that levocabastine eye drops is an effective and safe topical alternative for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
Administration, Topical ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic* ; Edema ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions* ; Research Personnel ; Sensation ; Skin Tests