No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Humans

The antitumor effects of Phellinus linteus extract (Keumsa Linteusan) were investigated in a CT-26 cell-injected colon cancer mouse model. When administered orally (250~1,000 mg/kg body weight), Keumsa Linteusan significantly inhibited the growth of solid colon cancer. The highest dose was highly effective, reducing tumor formation by 26% compared with the control group. The anticomplementary activity of Keumsa Linteusan increased in a dose-dependent manner. Lysosomal enzyme activity of macrophages was increased by 2-fold (100 microg/ml) compared with the control group. Keumsa Linteusan can be regarded as a potent enhancer of the innate immune response, and can be considered as a very promising candidate for antitumor action.
Animals ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Immunity, Innate ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Polysaccharides

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several self-report measures had been developed to assess the handicap due to tinnitus, although they lacked reliability and validity. Well-validated instruments, however, are essential for evaluation and treatment. Newman et al. developed the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and researches have examined its reliability and validity. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of a Korean adaptation of the THI. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The Korean adaptation of THI was administered to 111 patients with tinnitus, who visited the Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery department of Samsung Medical Center from March to August of 2001. Convergent validity was assessed using Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ), and construct validity was examined using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), the somatization subscale of SCL-90-R (SOM) and etc. RESULTS: 1) The Korean adaptation of THI and its subsclaes showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=.95-.79) comparable to those of the original version. 2) THI and its subscales demonstrated high test-retest reliabilities (r=.91-.73) comparable to those of the original. 3) High correlation was observed between THI and THQ (r=.83). 4) Moderate correlations were observed among THI, BDI (r=.40-.51), STAI-S (r=.43-.68), SOM (r=.49-.59), the perceived loudness of tinnitus (r=.33-.46), and the perceived handicap of tinnitus (r=.44-.64). 5) A confirmatory factor analysis partly supported 3 factors of THI. CONCLUSION: We found THI and its subscales to have valuable internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and construct validity. The results suggest that the Korean adaptation of THI, especially the total score it generates, is a reliable and valid measure of general distress related tinnitus.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Neck ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Tinnitus*