The contentofthe pharmacology is huge and full of variety of drugs,therefore,easy to confuse,besides,it's difficult to understand the abstract mechanism.This article describes the pharmacology teaching methods such as disease example,comparison,practice and so on.These methods stimulate students'interest in studying and learning initiative as well as train students'abilities to discover,analyze and solce problems,and at last have achieved good teaching effects.

Uveitis is the most common extra-articular manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, typically as chronic anterior uveitis with insidious onset. Delayed and inadequate treatment may result in loss of patients' vision and even blindness. For refractory or severe uveitis related to juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic immunosuppressive agents should be used as early as possible. With the advantage of controlling ocular inflammation, avoiding ocular complications and reducing the use of traditional immunosuppressant drugs and glucocorticoid, tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors have been new therapeutic options for uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, although methotrexate is known as the first-line approach. However, there are no internationally unified guidelines for clinical issues regarding the timing of application, reduction and withdrawal of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, and no agreement on the application of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors in the management of ocular complications either. An in-depth understanding of the application status and progress of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis has important clinical significance.

The mechanism of carcinoma occurrence is of multiform. One of the scheduled multi modality treatment is hyperthermia. Result of research indicates that hyperthermia can kills the tumor cells by affecting carcinogens, tumor suppressors and immunity. This review presents the current knowledge of hyperthermia on mechanism of therapeutic effects and the application in the treatment.

Objective To investigate the rule of the aquaporin 4 (AQP 4) expression in the acute ischemic cerebral tissues, and to study the molecular biologic mechanism of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Methods Thirty six Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups randomly, including control group ( n = 12) and operation group ( n =24). The operation group was studied after the right middle cerebral artery was unilaterally occluded (MCAO) at an interval of 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h, respectively ( n =4 for each sub group). The operation process of the control group was the same as the operation group except MCAO. All rats in both groups were examined with DWI. The relative ADC (rADC), relative density (rd), and relative area (rs) of the biggest hyperintensity signal layer on DWI were measured. After that, the animals were sacrificed and perfused with the mixture solution consisting of TTC at different time intervals. The biggest layer of the ischemic cerebral tissues stained with TTC and corresponding to that of DWI was examined with immunochemistry and in situ hybridization. The AQP 4 expression AQP 4 (△S and ?) was measured with the Image Analyzer. Meanwhile, histologic examination was performed at each group. Results There was no significant change of the DWI and the pathology, as well as the AQP 4 expression in the control group. In the operation group, abnormal high intensity was found in DWI of ipsilateral MCA territory at 15 min after MCAO, and rADC value decreased quickly within 1 h after MCAO, while the AQP 4 expression, the rd DWI, and the rs DWI increased rapidly in the stage. With the progress of the time, the rADC value further decreased at 3 h, and then began increasing slowly till 24 h . But the AQP 4 expression (△S and ?) and the rd as well as the rs continuously increased slowly between 1 h and 6 h after MCAO, then they had an increasing peak except the rd. The AQP 4 expression, rd DWI, and rs DWI all showed positive linear relationship with time, presenting as 2 peaks and a plateau. The corresponding sequential pathologic changes were gradual increase of intracellular edema (

Ear Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective　To establish a simple assay for quick scanning of effective agents in growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. Methods　After observing the correlation between cell number and acid phosphatase activity, and between cell apoptosis and acid phosphatase activity, we established a microplate densimetry method to measure the acid phosphatase activity. We also compared the sensitivity with MTT assay and confirmed cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Results　In two cell lines of cancer (Hep G2 and CBRH-7919 cells), the acid phosphatase activity was correlated well with the cell number, and was directly proportional to the cell number in the range of 0.5×103～0.7×103. The coefficient reached to 0.994. After stimulation of phorbel ester (TPA) for one hour, the acid phosphatase activity rose significantly. In contrast, after the inhibition of cell growth by As2O3, the acid phosphatase activity decreased significantly. The higher the concentration of As2O3, the lower the acid phophatase activity. The acid phophatase activity went down significantly when apoptosis in Hep G2 cells was only 3.98% and no apoptosis in CBRH-7919 cells after 24-hour treatment with As2O3. Conclusions　The acid phophatase activity of cell may be used to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis. Because of the easiness and quickness, acid phophatase assay might be an ideal approach to scan the effective growth inhibitors and apoptosis inducers in a large number of drugs.

Objective To investigate midwives' role cognition and their working experience.Methods It was a qualitative study using the phenomenological method.10 midwives were interviewed and all the data were analyzed using the categorization method.Results Three main categories were identified:diversified midwife roles; capacities and qualities required to fulfill midwifery roles; positive and negative experiences coexisted.Conclusions Managers should develop humanized management approaches to facilitate the fulfillment of midwives' roles and improve their working experience.The research also revealed the need to improve Chinese midwifery education and the midwifery regulation systems.

The management of hospital medical periodicals is now facing many realistic problems such as management system of editorial department, ability of editorial team, quality of articles and outside living environment. Co-publishing periodicals with pharmaceutical enterprises, with foreign publications and innovating publishing model of periodicals have been adopted by some domestic hospitals. By studying cases of periodical management innovation, and summing up the latest domestic point of view on medical periodical management, this paper held the view that the hospital medical periodicals management should be grouped into the framework of hospital scientific research management. Basically, the hospital should focus on solving the problem of management system in priority;developing in a way of specialization, collectivization and brand-orientation;establishing of a high-level editorial team;strengthening international communication and publishing periodicals according to international rules.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of plastic surgery of double-palpebra with reposition of lacrimal gland for blepharochalasis.Methods We operated on 10 cases (20 eyes) with dermatolysis palpebrarum which stopped attack and was static for more than one year.A double eyelid fold incision was made.Then redundant skin and sphincter palpebrarum as well as protrusion of intraorbital fat were removed.In the operation of dislocation of lacrmial gland we sewed up lacrmial gland in full thickness and fixed it to the periosteum of lacrmial fossa,and the levator muscle of upper eye lid aponeurosis prothesis or plication was choosed when the levator muscle of upper eye lid aponeurosis was broken or not.And for the shorted transverse diameter of coloboma of eye lid we sewed up the external palpebral ligament and fixed it to the periosteum of lateral orbital margin.Results All the 10 patients got satisfactory therapeutic effect,the cutis laxa had been amended obviously,the good upper double eyelid shape could be achieved,the reposition of lacrimal gland was finished,lapsus palpebrae superioris and shorted transverse diameter of coloboma of eye lid had been rectified satisfactorily.All cases we followed up for three monthes to one year,and dislocation of lacrmial gland had been amended in one case,others had been reposited well,without recurrence.Conclusions Blepharochalasis can be effectively treated by surgery,and it is convenient and effective to treat dislocation of lacrimal gland and blepharochalasis through a double eyelid fold incision.This multiple surgical treatment is not only a curative operation but also a cosmetic surgery.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy in treating urinary retention after surgery for cervical cancer. Methods:Fifty eligible patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by their visiting sequence, 25 in each group. The control group was intervened by indwelling urethral catheter after gynecological surgery; while the treatment group started to receive acupuncture-moxibustion and cupping treatment at the 7th day after surgery, in addition to the intervention given to the control group. The residual urine volume and total effective rate of the two groups were detected. Results:After 7-day treatments, the total effective rate was 92.0% in the treatment group versus 72.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture-moxibustion treatment plus cupping based on the conventional intervention is effective for urinary retention after surgery for cervical cancer, worth promoting in clinic.