No abstract available.
Chickens* ; Yolk Sac*

No abstract available.
Cyclophosphamide* ; Doxorubicin* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Etoposide* ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical outcome and complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, and to identify diabetes-related risk factors for negative outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 222 primary TKAs in patients with diabetes were evaluated using Knee Society scores and Hospital for Special Surgery score. Postoperative complications were reviewed retrospectively. The mean follow-up was 53.2 months. The effect of diabetes-related factors and comparison with a matched control group were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Significant improvements were noted in all the scores after TKA (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in clinical sores between the diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In multivariate analysis associating age, gender and body mass index with pain and knee score at the latest follow-up, the average knee scores in normal and overweight group were found to be significantly higher than those in the obese group. The diabetic patients had an increased overall incidence of postoperative complications (17.6%) compared with the control group (8.1%) (p < 0.05). Particularly, the rate of wound complications such as skin necrosis, bulla formation or erythema with drainage was higher in the diabetic group (p < 0.05). Diabetes-related factors did not influence the incidence of complications. Associated diseases were the only significant risk factors correlated with wound complications and meniscal bearing dislodgement. CONCLUSION: Patients with diabetes can benefit from TKA, even though diabetic patients are at an increased risk for overall postoperative and wound complications. Preoperative factors such as obesity and associated diseases may adversely affect the clinical outcome of TKA in diabetic patients.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; *Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Maxillary lateral incisors usually exhibit a single root with a single canal. However, maxillary lateral incisor teeth with unusual morphology of root canal system are frequently reported. These cases of variable root canal anatomy can be treated well by nonsurgical endodontic methods. A detailed description of root canal morphology is fundamental for successful endodontic treatment. Treatment using an operating microscope, radiographs from different angles, and cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) can produce more predictable endodontic outcomes.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Incisor* ; Methods ; Tooth

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many local application methods have been developed for preventing vertigo attacks while preserving hearing loss. Among them, ototoxicity of aminoglycosides has been used for the treatment of Meniere's disease. The etiology and pathophysiology of Meniere's disease remain unknown, however, intratympanic aminoglycoside infiltration has proved to be a very effective treatment method for Meniere's disease. Therefore, currently, variable modalities of intratympanic aminoglycoside inflitration have been attempted in patients with Meniere's disease. We attempted to evaluate streptomycin perfusion for the control of vertigo with the preservation of hearing in patients with Meniere's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Streptomycin powder was administered by filling up the round window niches in 15 patients with menere's disease from 1993 to 1996. Transmeatal approach was used for this technique and streptomycin infiltration was conducted for three consecutive days until patients developed spontaneous nystagmus or dizziness. RESULTS: 13 (83%) patients had no episodes of vertigo, and 2 patients had decreased vertigo attack. The preservation or improvement of hearing was reported in 87% of the patients. We observed that tinnitus disappeared in 33.3% of patients, and ear fullness in 40% of patient. After the operation, all of the patients reported to have no problems in daily activity. CONCLUSION: The streptomycin perfusion is a safe and simple procedure that is effective in controlling the vertigo, tinnitus and earfullness; however, futher further studies must be done on the preservation of hearing.
Aminoglycosides ; Dizziness ; Ear ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Meniere Disease* ; Perfusion* ; Streptomycin* ; Tinnitus ; Vertigo

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of operative treatment for dorsal lip fracture of the base of the middle phalanx. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1992 to 2003 we experienced 9 cases of dorsal lip fracture of the middle phalangeal base that were treated surgically. Spinal needle fixation was used in cases with comminution. iniscrew fixation was performed in cases with a fragment larger than half of the articular surface. The pull-out technique was performed only in the cases with a fragment without comminution smaller than half of the articular surface. Bone union was evaluated using roentgenograms and clinical evaluations were done using Steel's scoring method. RESULTS: The average follow up after operation was 12.3 months. Cases showed union at an average of 7 weeks postoperatively. Two cases achieved excellent results, six cases good, and one case achieved a fair result; mean proximal interphalangeal joint flexion was 100 degrees (range 90-106). Extension deficit of 5 degrees was noted in 2 fingers. CONCLUSION: The pull-out technique, miniscrew fixation, and spinal needle fixation can produce a good clinical and radiological outcome in the treatment of dorsal lip fracture of the base of the middle phalanx.
Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Joints ; Lip* ; Needles ; Research Design

PURPOSE: Electrophilic 18F (T1/2=110 min) radionuclide in the form of [18F]F2 gas is of great significance for labeling radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET). However, its production in high yield and with high specific radioactivity is still a challenge to overcome several problems on targetry. The aim of the present study was to develop a method suitable for the routine production of [18F]F2 for the electrophilic substitution reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The target was designed water-cooled aluminum target chamber system with a conical bore shape. Production of the elemental fluorine was carried out via the 18O(p,n)18F reaction using a two-step irradiation protocol. In the first irradiation, the target filled with highly enriched 18O2 was irradiated with protons for 18F production, which were adsorbed on the inner surface of target body. In the second irradiation, the mixed gas (1% [19F]F2/Ar) was loaded into the target chamber, following a short irradiation of proton for isotopic exchange between the carrier-fluorine and the radiofluorine absorbed in the target chamber. Optimization of production was performed as the function of irradiation time, the beam current and 18O2 loading pressure. RESULTS: Production runs was performed under the following optimum conditions: The 1st irradiation for the nuclear reaction (15.0 bar of 97 % enriched 18O2, 13.2 MeV protons, 30 micro A, 60-90 min irradiation), the recovery of enriched oxygen via cryogenic pumping; The 2nd irradiation for the recovery of absorbed radiofluorine (12.0 bar of 1% [19F]fluorine/argon gas, 13.2 MeV protons, 30 micro A, 20-30 min irradiation), the recovery of [18F]fluorine for synthesis. The yield of [18F]fluorine at EOB (end of bombardment) was achieved around 34+/-6.0 GBq (n>10). CONCLUSION: The production of 18F electrophilic agent via 18O(p,n)18F reaction was much under investigation. Especially, an aluminum gas target was very advantageous for routine production of [18F]fluorine. These results suggest the possibility to use [18F]F2 gas as a electrophilic substitution agent.
Aluminum ; Fluorine ; Oxygen ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Protons ; Radioactivity ; Radiopharmaceuticals

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Neutropenia*

PURPOSE: Fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin combination therapy have shown synergistic or additive effect against advanced colorectal cancer, but the frequency of mucositis and diarrhea is increased. Most previous studies have used high dose leucovorin (300~500 mg/m2). However, some studies of oxaliplatin and 5-FU with low-dose or high-dose leucovorin in Korea have shown similar response rates. Therefore, we studied the necessity of leucovorin and evaluated the objective tumor response rates and toxicities of a regimen of oxaliplatin and 5-FU without leucovorin every 2 weeks in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were enrolled between January 2002 and March 2003. Patients received 85 mg/ m2 of oxaliplatin on day 1, a bolus 5-FU 400 mg/m2 on day 1 and a continuous 5-FU infusion at 600 mg/m2/ 22 hours days 1 and 2, every 2 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 24 patients treated, 17 patients received previous 5FU with leucovorin and/or other chemotherapy. Three patients could not be evaluated. Five partial responses were observed with overall response rate of 21% (n=24). Of the previous chemotherapy group (n= 17), 4 partial responses were observed with response rate of 24%. Median overall survival was 18 months (range 4~32 months) and median progression free survival was 4 months (range 2~6 months). This regimen was well tolerated and only 1 grade 3 anemia was observed. CONCLUSION: Oxaliplatin/5-FU combination therapy without leucovorin achieved a relatively high response rate even in patients resistant to the previous 5-FU chemotherapy, and toxicity was minimal.
Anemia ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Diarrhea ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy* ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Korea ; Leucovorin* ; Mucositis

No abstract available.
Doxorubicin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Etoposide* ; Stomach Neoplasms*