Developmental surface ultrastructure of Macroorchis spinulosus was studied by scanning electron microscopy. One-day-old juvenile fluke was leaf-shaped and bent ventrally. Body surface was covered densely with peg-like spines and with cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes. Ciliated sensory papillae were concentrated around oral sucker. Several unciliated sensory papillae occurred equidistantly on oral sucker and acetabulum. The ciliated papillae appeared in two longitudinal lines symmetric bilaterally on dorsal surface. On adult flukes, tegumantal spines became wider in middle of the body surface. The cytoplasmic processes differentiated into more fine velvety form. It is likely that the differentiated fine cytoplasmic processes are an increased absorptive surface to adult M. spinulosus. It is suggested that single pointed tegumental spines on anterior half of the body may be supportive for this fluke to migration.
Animals ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Trematoda/*anatomy & histology/*ultrastructure

No abstract available.
Graft Survival* ; Humans ; Living Donors* ; Risk Factors* ; Transplants*

Keratoconus (conical cornea) is a condition, beginning about puberty and developing mainly in females, in which the apex of the cornea thins gradually and usually bilaterally. The etiology is unknown. The presenting symptom is a reduction of the patient's vision owing to the development of a high degree of irregular myopic astigmatism. Early in the course of the disease the cornea does not look conical. The diagnosis of Keratoconus is confirmed by the distorted reflex observed with a Placido's disc and abnormal keratometer readings. In more advanced stages, signs include the obvious cone-shaped cornea and indentation of the lower lid by the cornea. By slit lamp biomicroscopy, vertical lines are noted in the deep layers of the stroma: the corneal nerve fibers are increasingly visible; and in about 50% of cases a yellow or green line is present around the base of the corn (Fleischer's ring). In advanced cases Bowman's membrane and Descemet's membrane rupture. Microscopically there is thinning of the tissue spaces between the corneal lamellae, fragmentation of the basement membrane of the comeal epithelium, fibrillation of Bowman's membrane, and folds or ruptures in Descemet's membrane. Acute hydrops may occur when Descemet's membrane ruptures. This is characterized by sudden cloudiness of vision due to imbibition of aqueous in the corneal stroma. However, as Descemet's membrane regenerates, the edema subsides. Permanent scarring may result if Bowman's membrane ruptures. Acute hydrops of the cornea was developed respectively in left eye on Oct, 1976 and in right eye on Dec, 1976 in a 13 year old Korean girl with Keratoconus O.U.
Adolescent ; Astigmatism ; Basement Membrane ; Bowman Membrane ; Cicatrix ; Cornea* ; Corneal Stroma ; Descemet Membrane ; Diagnosis ; Edema* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Keratoconus* ; Nerve Fibers ; Puberty ; Reading ; Reflex ; Rupture ; Zea mays

The glaucomatocyclitic crisis was first described by Posner and Schlossman in 1948, and belongs to the classification of secondary open angle glaucoma. It is unilateral and recurrent. and characterized by minimal inflammatory signs and symptoms. The inflammation may be confined to the trabecular mesh work. The facility of outflow reduced while attacks last from a few hours to over 2 weeks. Etiopathogenic nature of glaucomatocyclitic crisis is not clear but recently the role of allergy is suggested in this disease entity. A 35 year old man was found to have a glaucomatocyclitic crisis in his right eye that was treated with systemic diamox and topical corticosteroid.
Acetazolamide ; Adult ; Classification ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation

PURPOSE: Neuroendocrine (NE) cells of the prostate are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). By a comparative analysis of NE cell density in BPH tissue of men who were either exposed to or not exposed to 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, we investigated the relationship between NE cells and BPH, and the effect of androgen deprivation on NE cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prostate tissue specimens, obtained from 30 men by transurethral resection of the prostate or radical cystoprostatectomy, were used. Of the 30 patients, 10 had a prostate smaller than 25 ml (normal control), the other 20 had a prostate larger than 40ml, 10 of who had taken 5alpha-reductase inhibitor (finasteride) for 3 months before surgery (androgen blockade group), and 10 who had not (BPH group). The distribution of NE cells in the prostate was examined using the anti-chromogranin A (CgA) antibody, and the density of the CgA-positive cells was compared by an optical dissector method. Immunoblotting was performed using the neuron specific enolase (NSE) antibody. A Mann-Whitney U test was used in a statistical analysis. RESULTS: Most of the CgA-positive NE cells were localized between the acinar epithelial cells. The mean numbers of CgA-positive NE cells per acinus in the normal controls and the BPH groups were 1.67+/-0.78 and 4.45+/-2.54, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). However, the mean number of CgA-positive NE cells in the androgen blockade group, was 4.93+/-2.17, which was similar to the BPH group. In a NSE immunoblotting study, a distinct band was observed in the BPH and androgen blockade groups, but the density of the band was higher in the androgen blockade group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that NE cells may be involved in the hyperplastic process of BPH. Inhibition of dihydrotestosterone, caused by the oral administration of the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, failed to induce any significant change in the NE cells, probably due to the incomplete androgen blockade.
Administration, Oral ; Cell Count ; Dihydrotestosterone* ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Immunoblotting ; Male ; Neuroendocrine Cells* ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

No abstract available.
Arteritis* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Nephritis*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Edema* ; Gallbladder* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans

We experienced a case of D3 proliferative vitreoretinopathy complicated with a shortened retina in a 31-year-old male which was managed using 360-degrees circumferential retinotomy technique and a case of D1 proliferative vitreoretinopathy complicated with a shortened retina in a 26-year-old female which was managed using 260-degrees circumferential retinotomy technique. We report these cases with a review of the literature
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retina* ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

No abstract available.