No abstract available.
Animals ; Embryonic Structures* ; Mice*

PURPOSE: The vertebral artery dissection is rare and increasingly recognized as a source of stroke. The purpose of this study is to describe causes, clinical manifestations, MRI and anglographic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional anglograms(n=7) and magnetic resonance imaging(n=6) were retrospectively analyzed in seven patients of vertebral artery dissection. The classification of the Krayenbuhl and Yasargil for vertebral artery segmentation was used for localization of vertebral artery dissection. Additionally, etiology and clinical manifestations were also retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Six cases were spontaneous type and one case was traumatic type. The clinical diagnoses of 6 spontaneous arterial dissection cases were wallenberg syndrome(4 cases), subarachnoid hemorrhage(1 case), and infarction of the cerebellum corresponding to PICA territory(1 case). A linear bright signal caused by thrombus was well visualized at the dissection area on sagittal T1 weighted spin echo MR images in all 6 cases. The characteristic anglographic findings were profound narrowing in 4 cases, pearl and string sign(including dissecting aneurysm) in 3 cases, complete obstruction in 3 cases, and a double density lumen(true and false lumen) extending to proximal basilar artery in one case. Spontaneous dissections were located at the V4 segment in all 6 cases. One traumatic dissection was located at the V2 segment. CONCLUSION: The most common site of the spontaneous dissection of the vertebral artery was V4 portion and a linear bright signal caused by thrombus was well visualized on sagittal T1 weighted spin echo MR images.
Basilar Artery ; Cerebellum ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pica ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke ; Thrombosis ; Vertebral Artery Dissection* ; Vertebral Artery*

PURPOSE: The usefulness and radiographic findings of the angiography in cerebral infarction are well known. We attempted to evaluate the anglographic causes, findings, and the usefulness of DSA in cerebral infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed retrospectively DSA images of 51 patients who were diagnosed as having cerebral infarction by brain CT and/or MRI and clinical settings. DSA was performed in all 51 patients, and in 3 patients, conventional anglogram was also done. Both carotid DSA images were obtained in AP, lateral, oblique projections, and one or both vertebral DSA images in AP and lateral. The authors reviewed the patient's charts for symptoms, operative findings and final diagnosis, and analysed DSA findings of cerebral atherosclerosis with focus on 6 major cerebral arteries. RESULTS: Among the 51 patients of cerebral infarction 43 patients(84.3%) had cerebral atherosclerosis, 1 dissecting aneurysm, 1 moyamoya disease and 6 negative in anglogram. DSA findings of cerebral atherosclerosis were multiple narrowings in 42 patients(97,7%), tortuosity in 22(51.2%), dilatation in 14, occlusion in 12, avascular region in 8, collaterals in 7, ulcer in 6, and delayed washout of contrast media in 3. In cerebral atherosclerosis, internal carotid artery was involved in 37 patients(86.0%), middle cerebral artery in 29(67.4%), posterior cerebral artery in 28, anterior cerebral artery in 26, vertebral artery in 22, and basilar artery in 15. Intracranial involvement of cerebral atherosclerosis (64.9%) was more common than extracranial involvement(16.2%). CONCLUSION: In cerebral infarction MRA may be the screening test, but for more precise evaluation of vascular abnormality and its extent, DSA should be considered.
Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Angiography ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction* ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Basilar Artery ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Arteries ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mass Screening ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Moyamoya Disease ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Ulcer ; Vertebral Artery

PURPOSE: To describe plain radiographic and thin-section CT findings of hematogenous candida pneumonia in major burn patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We reviewed nine cases of hematogenous candida pneumonia in major burn patients who had positive blood culture for candida and findings of pneumonia on plain chest radiograph. On five of nine cases, thin-section CT was done. We evaluated retrospectively nine cases for onset, the pattern, distribution, and size of lesions on plain chest radiograph and thin-section CT. RESULTS: On plain chest radiograph, randomly distributed 2-10mm nodules were seen in six cases(66%) and randomly distributed 10-15mm consolidations in remaining three cases{33% ). Lesion occured in 11th to 75th post-burn day{average, 34th post-burn day). Other findings were cardiomegaly in three cases, atelectasis in three cases, and pulmonary edema in one case. Thin-section CT showed variable shaped subpleural nodules in all five cases. The size of nodules were 1-5mm in two cases(40%) and 5-10mm(60% ) in three cases. Feeding vessel signs were seen in two cases. Other findings were atelectasis in three cases, cardiomegaly in three cases, ground-glass opacity and interlobular septal thickenings by pulmonary edema in two cases. CONCLUSION: Plain chest radiographic findings of hematogenous candida pneumonia in major burn patients are randomly distributed nodules or consolidations of variable size. Thin-section CT findings are variable shaped subpleural nodules less than 1 cm.
Burns* ; Candida* ; Cardiomegaly ; Humans ; Pneumonia* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Pulmonary Edema ; Radiography, Thoracic* ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax*

PURPOSE: To characterize the MR findings for a differential diagnosis and to make a plan for treatment by interventional technique of the vascular masses with/without hypertrophic feeding vessels of the head and neck. SUBJCETS AND METHODS: Seven patients with vascular masses of the head and neck proved by pathology, angiography, clinical findings were included. Vascular masses included 4 venous malformations, a capillary hemangioma, and a hemangiopericytoma, a hemangioma combined with arteriovenous malformation. 7 patients had MR studies with 1.0T and 1.5T using routine TI-, T2- weighted spin echo sequences, and contrast enhancement. 4 MR angiography, 3 inversion recovery, and 6 contrast angiography were studied from 7 patients RESULTS: All vascular masses demonstrated higher than muscle signal intensity on Tl-weighted images, bright signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and prominent enhancement, except AV hemangioma combined with prominent arteriovenous malformation on postcontrast scan. Three hemangiomas demonstrated distinct serpiginous signal voids. Venous malformations demonstrated venous lakes seen as homogenous regions of high signal intensity and phleboliths seen as low signal foci on images. Inversion recovery was the best pulse sequence for evaluation of the extent of lesion. CONCLUSION: MR findings of the vascular masses of the head and neck are useful in delineating the extent of the disease, differentiating venous malformation or cavernous hemangioma from other hemangiomatous lesions including hypertrophic feeding vessels, and making a plan for treatment by interventional technique also.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Head* ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Hemangiopericytoma ; Humans ; Lakes ; Neck* ; Pathology

No abstract available.
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell*

OBJECTIVES: Sexual dysfunction has been frequently experienced by male alcoholics. The possible etiologies of the sexual problems in alcoholics has been known to be hormonal rather than neuropathic or psychosocial. The main purpose of our study was, therefore, to examine the different parameters of the hypothalamic -pituitary- gonadal awis(testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, follic1e-stimulating hormone ; HPG axis) in chronic alcoholic men. On the other hand, cortisol and prolactin were included because they could influence the HPG axis. METHODS: Serum concentrations of testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, follic1e-stimulating hormone, cortisol, and prolactin were measured in 15 male patients with alcohol dependence once during withdrawal and once after 21 days of abstinence. The results were compared with those of 12 healthy male volunteers. RESULTS: During withdrawal, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, cortisol and prolactin levels were significantly enhanced. Estradiol and cortisol concentrations fell significantly during abstinence, whereas luteinizing hormone and prolactin concentrations remained elevated. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that normal serum concentrations of testosterone were maintained in chronic alcoholic men without hepatic cirrhosis. In contrast to this, estrogen and prolactin concentrations seemed to be markedly enhanced. Whether this increase in estrogen and prolactin concentrations is implicated in different clinical and psychological symptoms seen in chronic alcoholics remains to be investigated.
Alcoholics ; Alcoholism* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Gonadotropins* ; Gonads ; Hand ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone* ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Male ; Prolactin* ; Testosterone ; Volunteers

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Surgery has been considered the most effective and standard treatment modality in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). However in stage IIIA lung cancer, the role of surgery is still controversial. To evaluate the role of surgery for stage IIIA NSCLC, we investigated the survival after surgery and the prognostic factors. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We evaluated 158 consecutive cases of stage IIIA NSCLC patients operated on between 1990 and 1996. There were 130 male patients and 28 female patients, and the mean age was 58.5 years. All patients except one underwent lung resection beyond lobectomy and extended mediastinal dissection. Postoperative adjuvant therapy were undertaken in 145(94.8%) patients. All patients(153) were followed and the mean follow-up period was 21.4months. RESULT: Twenty nine cases of the postoperative complications developed in 25 patients (15.8%). There were 5 operative mortality cases(3.2%) and the main cause of death was acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Local or distant recurrences developed in 84 patients(54.9%). The 5-year survival of 153 patients was 29.6% and the median survival time was 18.0 months. The 5-year survival of non N2 disease group(36.8%) was better than that of N2 disease group(26.6%)(p=0.35) and the 5-year survival of squamous cell carcinoma (38.1%) was better than that of adenocarcinoma(25.7%)(p=0.39) however there were no significant differences. Regarding the postoperative adjuvant therapy, in combined therapy group(84 patients), radiotherapy group(37 patients) and chemotherapy group(24 patients), the 5-year survival were 31.3%, 32.4%, and 14.6% respectively. There was no difference of survival between radiotherapy and combined therapy group(p=0.31), however the survival of the combined therapy group was better than the chemotherapy group(p=0.005). The survival of the complete resection group(31.9%) was better than the incomplete resection group(16.6%) however there was no significant difference(p=0.19). CONCLUSION: These observations indicate that the good 5-year survival(29.6%) in patients with stage IIIA NSCLC result from the agressive surgical treatment including extensive mediastinal nodes dissection.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cause of Death ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

Eight cases of chondroblastoma were studied by analyzing the clinical and pathologic findings. The age of eight cases ranged from 17 to 38 years old(median age, 22.7 years old). The tumors developed in the femur (3 cases), patella (2 cases), tibia( 1 case), fibula (1 case), and ulna (1 case). The mean diameter of tumors was 4.0 cm (range, 1.5 to 8.0 cm). Grossly, tumors showed grayish brown solid area with foci of secondary aneurysmal bone cyst. Histologically, the tumor cells were round or polygonal in shape with nuclear groove. And there were chondroid differentiation(7 cases), mitosis(3 cases), calcific deposits(3 cases), secondary aneurysmal bone cyst(4 cases), hemosiderin deposits(4 cases), necrosis(3 cases), vascular invasion(1 caes) and foamy histiocytes and cholesterol cleft(1 cases). All cases showed no metastasis to lymph node and distant organ. Seven cases (87.5 %) were immunoreactive for S-100 protein. None were immunoreactive for cytokeratin.
Aneurysm ; Bone Cysts ; Cholesterol ; Chondroblastoma* ; Femur ; Fibula ; Hemosiderin ; Histiocytes ; Keratins ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Patella ; S100 Proteins ; Ulna