The rapid change of hospital environment emphasizes the importance of hospital information system. To be effective, the definitions and codes of data which will be required by the health professionals workstation should be standardized. In Korea, many hospitals are implementing order communication system in order to expedite the patient management process, to enhance the service, and for effective management of medical information. Various codes those are in use in hospitals should be standardized for effective interdepartmental and interhospital communication. This paper shows the current status of implementing order communication system in hospitals which have more than 400 beds in Korea, application status of operation an procedure classification systems, e.g., International Classification of Procedures in Medicine, and International Classification of Diseases-9th-Clinical Modification. 22 hospitals (29.0%) are implementing inpatient OCS and 29 hospitals(38.2%) for outpatient OCS. 46 hospitals(60.5%0 are applying ICPM and among them 23 hospitals(50.0%) showed dissatisfaction for that classification system. 30 hospitals(39.5%) are applying ICD-9-CM and none of them revealed dissatisfaction for that classification system. 64 hospitals(84.2%) want new classification system for operation and procedures and 58 hospitals(76.3%) revealed the necessarily of standardization of code of physicans, clinical departments and administrative departments.
Classification ; Health Occupations ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Inpatients ; International Classification of Diseases ; Korea ; Outpatients

No abstract available.
Humans ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Hemarthrosis* ; Knee*

No abstract available.
Colon*

No abstract available.
Nitric Oxide*

The villous adenoma of the duodenum is a rare disease and a considerable portion of the cases are known to be associated with malignancy. Although the diagnosis can be made with duodenoscopy, some cases showed false negative rate for malignancy detection with endoscopic biopsy only. So Whipple's operation is preferred than local excision. We experienced a case of tubulovillous adenoma involving ampulla of Vater, which recurred after local excision. So we report a case of tubulovillous adenoma involving ampulla of Vater with relevant literature.
Adenoma* ; Adenoma, Villous ; Ampulla of Vater* ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Duodenoscopy ; Duodenum ; Rare Diseases

For the observation of the histological changes at variable time intervals after estrogen-induced cryptorchidism, we administered different doses of depoestradiol cypionate to 1 week old Sprague-Dawley rats and determined the minimum dose at which the cryptorchidism could be induced in all the rats, and observed the histological changes from 5 weeks after birth at which time the testicular descent into the scrotum normally occurs up to 12 weeks of age, the time of complete maturation. The following results were obtained. l. In cases that the doses above O.2mg of depoestradiol cypionate for each rat were administered cryptorchidism was induced in all the rats but not induced below 0.15mg and all the induced cryptorchidism were bilateral. 2. In the rats to which O.2mg of depoestradiol cypionate was administered, the weight of the testis and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased compared to those in the control group of rats until 12 weeks after birth. Nevertheless, the rate of increase in these rats was similar to that of the control group. 3. The basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells showed relatively few changes. But Leydig cells first appeared in 7 weeks after birth in the estrogen administered group while in the control group the cells continuously appeared after 5 weeks after birth. 4. For the spermatogenesis, in the normal control group, the mature sperms can be observed in 7 weeks after birth while in the estrogen administered group, 12 weeks after birth. The results reveal that the minimum dose at which the cryptorchidism could be induced in all 1 week old Sprague-Dawley rat was O.2mg depoestradiol cypionate for each rat. The spermatogenesis and Leydig cell differentiation in the estrogen administered cryptorchidism were delayed by the effect of estrogen. In addition this study indirectly ascertained that the pathogenesis of unilateral cryptorchidism was not just the deficiency of the gonadotropic hormonal stimulation only. And further observations on the estrogen-administered rats after 12 weeks of age will be required to see whether these histological changes are reversible or not.
Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Cell Differentiation ; Cryptorchidism* ; Estrogens* ; Leydig Cells ; Male ; Parturition ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Scrotum ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Sertoli Cells ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa ; Testis

No abstract available.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing*

A case report of desmoid tumor(musculo-aponeurotic fibromatosis) arising from sternum and upper part of anterior sheath of rectus abdominis muscle in a one and half years old male child is reported. The patient's parent noticed a protruding hard mass on the lower end of sternal portion two weeks previous to surgery. The mass had dense, grayish white and glistering character invading the upper part of rectus abdominis muscle and cartilagenous portion of sternum including xyphoid process. Wide excision of mass including myo-fascial tissue of the rectus abdominal apponeurosis was performed. The excised mass was 4×4×2cm in size and the microscopic findings were typical desmoid tumor. The operative wound had partial skin necrosis due to poor circulation of skin because of the mass extended up to subcutaneous tissue and biopsy scar but eventually healed. There is no any signs of recurrence of tumor on 7 months postoperative follow up but may need more observation to define it.
Biopsy ; Child ; Cicatrix ; Fibromatosis, Aggressive ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Necrosis ; Parents ; Rectus Abdominis ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Sternum ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Wounds and Injuries

From July 1989 to February 1993, twelve patients were analysed for infected bone loss which treated with radically debriding all infected dead bone and closed suction-irrigation system with antibiotics and internal lengthening by using the external fixator. The results are summarized as follows. 1, The average time for application of external fixation was 30.7 weeks in tibia, 27 weeks in femur and average time for bone union was 31.5 weeks in femur, 34.2 weeks in tibia. 2. Soft tissue defects were treated with split thickness skin graft in 6 cases, secondary closure in 4 cases, gastrocnemius rotational flap in 2 cases. 3. The length of bone defects after infected bone excision ranged from 2cm to 9.3cm, averaging 4.5cm. The bone defect was treated by internal lengthening after corticotomy with the Ilizarov apparatus in 4 cases, the Orthofix external fixator in 8 cases. 4. Four cases in this series were complicated; one pin tract infection, one angulation deformity, one checkrein deformity, one flexion contracture of knee joint. 5. Infection was managed with radical debriding infected dead bone and closed suction-irrigation system with antibiotics in all cases. 6. We recommend that the infected bone loss can be effectively managed with radically debriding dead bone and closed suction-irrigation system with antibiotics and lengthening with Ilizarov apparatus or Orthofix external fixator.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; External Fixators ; Femur ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Skin ; Tibia ; Transplants