In 1989, the Bethesda System (TBS) was introduced as an attempt to standardize cervical/vaginal reporting systems. TBS nomenclature was created for reporting cytologic diagnoses to replace the currently used Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and Papanicolaou Class System, which are deemed less reproducible. The name for preinvasive squamous lesions was changed to squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), subdivided into low-grade and high-grade types. TBS recommends a specific format for cytologic report, starting with explicit statement on the adequacy of the specimen, followed by general categorization and descriptive diagnosis. Pathologic and epidemiologic studies performed over last 10 years have provided evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a significant role in the development of cervical neoplasia. TBS corresponds not only to currently held views of the behavior of preinvasive lesions and their HPV distribution, but also to the current guidelines for clinical management.
Azathioprine* ; Body Fluids ; Cadherins ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nephritis* ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch*

Supernumerary isochromosome resulting in autosomal tetrasomy are rare and have been described only for 12P, 18P, and 9P. Tetrasomy 9P, initially described by Ghymer et al, is a rare chromosomal aberration that has been described in 20 patients. Affected subjects show both cytogenetic and ohenotypic variability. Some patients have the abnormal cell line in all cells, but many display tissue limited mosaicism. The phenotype varies in severity from prenatal death to mild developmental delay and minor anomalies. We reported a infant with mild manifestations of tetrasomy 9p with brief review of related literatures.
Cell Line ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Isochromosomes ; Mosaicism ; Phenotype ; Tetrasomy*

PURPOSE: Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide. In temperate regions, institutional outbreaks of the disease occur mainly in cold dry weather, whereas in tropical settings its seasonal course is less well defined. We studied the annual changes in the seasonal prevalence of rotavirus infection for 5 years. METHODS: The study was conducted on 502 patients who lived in Taejon city and its vicinity. They were diagnosed with rotavirus gastroenteritis by stool latex coagulation method in Eulji Medical College Hospital from July 1993 to June 1998. RESULTS: During the 5-years period, 502 fecal specimens were positive by rotavirus latex coagulation method. The peak of the infection occurred in 1994 (July 1994-June 1995), 152 cases (30.3%) from July 1994 to June 1995 and the next peak occurred in 111 cases (22.1%) from July 1993 to June 1994. The seasonal peaks of the infection occurred in December 1993 (17.1%) and January 1994 (21.1%) and in March 1996 (23.4%) and March 1997 (22.5%). CONCLUSOIN: We observed that the seasonal peak in rotavirus infection changed over a 5-year period. The timing of rotavirus activity peaked during December-January(1993 and 1994), Februray-March (1996), and March-April (1997).
Child ; Daejeon ; Disease Outbreaks ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Infant ; Latex ; Prevalence* ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; Seasons* ; Weather

Favre-Racouchot syndrome is a disease of senile or actinic processes and another name is nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones. Clinically, facial skin shows, especially lateral to the eyes, multiple open and cystically dilatated comedones and can be defined as cutaneous disturbances characterized by a degenerative process of the dermis associated with cysts and comedones. Sunlight is a strong causative factor and dermal degenerative processes result in this condition. We report the case of a 78-year-old man who showed multiple yellowish papules on both sides of cheeks, the periorbital and, malar areas. He had had this condition for 25-years. His job used to involve physical labor and much exposure to sunlight. An excisional biopsy specimen from the facial malar lesion showed cystically dilated comedones with basophilically degenerated dermal tissue. We performed a therapeutic excision on the two large nodular lesions on both malar areas and applied topical tretinoin. The Patients clinical appearance was much improved 2 months later.
Actins ; Aged ; Basophils ; Biopsy ; Cheek ; Dermis ; Facial Dermatoses* ; Humans ; Skin ; Sunlight ; Tretinoin*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Neurilemmoma* ; Neurofibromatosis 1

BACKGROUND: The recent studies shows that LV relaxation abnormalities are the important factors of heart failure in elders. To determine the association between LV diastolic functions and heart failure, we assessed LV diastolic functions in elderly patients with pulmonary congestion and in asymptomatic elders by using pulsed doppler echocardiography. METHODS: In order to assess LV diastolic function, we performed pulsed doppler echocardiography to elderly patients with pulmonary congestion and asymptomatic elders from Mar.2001 to Sep.2001. The following parameters were used as indices of LV diastolic function; Mitral E wave(E), Mitral A wave(A), Deceleration time(DT), Isovolumic relaxation time(IVRT), Systolic pulmonary venous flow(PVs), Diastolic pulmonary venous flow(PVd). RESULTS: In elderly patients groups, there was significant increase in deceleration time compared with asymptomatic elders(255.83+/-54.41 vs 210.80+/-48.53, p<0.05). There was significant increase in isovolumic relaxation time in elderly patient group compared with asymptomatic elders(123.06+/-25.07 vs 98.78+/-15.12, p<0.01). Although there was no significant difference, decreased E/A ratio and increased PVs/PVd were noted in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results shows that the impairments of LV diastolic function were noted in both groups. Especially DT and JVRT were significant increase in elderly patient group with pulmonary congestion. Therefore these parameters, such as DT, IVRT, can be helpful as predictive indices of diastolic heart failure in elders.
Aged* ; Deceleration ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Heart Failure ; Heart Failure, Diastolic ; Humans ; Relaxation

PURPOSE: Positive ratio of routine EEG in adult epilepsy was widely known, but small number was reported in child epilepsy. Thus, we studied the difference of positive ratios between ages. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 756 patients, who visited the pediatric neurology clinic with more than 2 afebrile seizures except neonatal seizures, from March 1997 to December 2004. Excluded were children with previous history of antiepileptic medication or failure of EEG. Clinical aspects and EEG findings of left 609 patients were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Median age of EEG examination was 7.0 years (range, 3 months to 19.8 years) and male was 339. Number of child under 2 years was 112, 2-4 was 96, 5-9 was 233, 10-14 was 160 and over 15 was 8. All 279 positive past history was known in 222 persons, 98 of them had previous febrile seizures, 37 had CP or MR, 11 had neonatal seizures, 11 had birth asphyxia, 28 was prematurity. Waking EEG was checked in 398, sleep EEG in 547. Abnormal findings were found in 443 (72.7%). Definite epileptiform discharges were found in 388 patients (63.7%), suspicious spike discharges in 37 (6.2%). Patients under 2 years had 50.0% positive ratio of epileptiform discharges, 2-4 had 62.5%, 5-9 had 85.8%, 10-14 had 66.3% and over 15 had 37.5%. CONCLUSIONS: High positive ratio of routine EEG was found in child epilepsy, thus routine EEG seems to be very useful for the first diagnostic examination in child epilepsy.
Adult ; Asphyxia ; Child* ; Electroencephalography* ; Epilepsy* ; Humans ; Male ; Neurology ; Parturition ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile

The pituitary gland develops from two different parts of the brain. The anterior pituitary gland originates from the Rathke pouch and the posterior one from the infundibulum. Therefore, the pathologic findings of congenital hypopituitarism can be different in each case. Congenital hypopituitarism is a rare disorder. The characteristic clinical features of the affected newborns are prolonged jaundice, persistent or recurrent hypoglycemia without hyperinsulinism and microphallus. Their genitalia are usually underdeveloped and sexual maturation may be delayed or absent. In adulthood, patients retain childish feature, short stature with normal body proportion. We experienced a case of congenital hypopituitarism in a 12-year-old female patient with short stature and delayed sexual maturation(Tanner stageI). The endocrinological studies revealed growth hormone, FSH, LH and TSH deficiencies. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated a hypoplastic anterior pituitary and an ectopic posterior pituitary gland located within the tuber cinereum of the hypothalamus.
Brain ; Child ; Female ; Genitalia ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hypoglycemia ; Hypopituitarism* ; Hypothalamus ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pituitary Gland ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior ; Pituitary Gland, Posterior* ; Sexual Maturation ; Tuber Cinereum

The pituitary gland develops from two different parts of the brain. The anterior pituitary gland originates from the Rathke pouch and the posterior one from the infundibulum. Therefore, the pathologic findings of congenital hypopituitarism can be different in each case. Congenital hypopituitarism is a rare disorder. The characteristic clinical features of the affected newborns are prolonged jaundice, persistent or recurrent hypoglycemia without hyperinsulinism and microphallus. Their genitalia are usually underdeveloped and sexual maturation may be delayed or absent. In adulthood, patients retain childish feature, short stature with normal body proportion. We experienced a case of congenital hypopituitarism in a 12-year-old female patient with short stature and delayed sexual maturation(Tanner stageI). The endocrinological studies revealed growth hormone, FSH, LH and TSH deficiencies. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated a hypoplastic anterior pituitary and an ectopic posterior pituitary gland located within the tuber cinereum of the hypothalamus.
Brain ; Child ; Female ; Genitalia ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hypoglycemia ; Hypopituitarism* ; Hypothalamus ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pituitary Gland ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior ; Pituitary Gland, Posterior* ; Sexual Maturation ; Tuber Cinereum

Choroid plexus papilloma(CPP) is a rare intraventricular neoplasm occurring primarily in the lateral ventricle of children and the 4th ventricle of adults. The 3rd ventricle is an extremely rare site for CPP to occur. The authors report two cases of CPP of the 3rd ventricle in a 2-month-old girl and a 4-month-old boy, and one case of CPP of the 4th ventricle in a 17-year-old male. Two CPP of third ventricle were totally removed by transcortical-transventricular approach and transcallosal subchoroidal approach, respectively. The CPP in the fourth ventricle was totally removed by suboccipital approach. The subdural hygroma and hydrocephalus due to CSF overproduction was managed with subduroperitoneal shunt and ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms ; Child ; Choroid Plexus* ; Choroid* ; Female ; Fourth Ventricle* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Papilloma, Choroid Plexus* ; Subdural Effusion ; Third Ventricle ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt