Objective To investigate the relationship of intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation(rSO_2 )monitored with near-infrared cerebral oximeter (INNOS 5100) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patientsoperated upon under isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia and to determine the critical rSO_2 value below whichpostoperative cognitive dysfunction may occur.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ- Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 62-80 yr,weighing58-77 kg schedules for elective abdominal surgery or surgery on the low limb were divided into threegroups according to their levels of education: group Ⅰthe illierate and uneducated (n = 20); group Ⅱ primaryschool education (6yr education (n = 20). Each group was furtherdivided into isoflurane and sevoflurane subgroups (n = 10 in each subgroup). The patients were unpremedicated.Anesthesia was induced with intravenous atropine 0. 3mg, propofol 1 .0-1. 5 mg?kg~(-1), fentanyl 2-3?g?kg~(-1) andvecuronium o. 1-0.2 mg?kg~(-1) and maintained with isoflurane or sevoflurane inhalation (0.9-1. 1 MAC )supplemented with intermittent i.v. boluses of fentanyl and recorded before anesthesia (baseline), after O_2inhalation(T_1), after induction of anesthesia(T_2), after skin incision (T_3), during operation (T_4)and at the end ofsurgery (T_5). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed before anesthesia and 1,4, 8, 12 and 24 hafter surgery. BP, HR, ECG, SpO_2, P_(ET) CO_2 and end-tidal concentration of inhalational anesthetics werecontinuously monitored during anesthesia. Results In all three groups rSO_2 was significantly lower during operation(T_4) and at the end of surgery (T_5 ) than baseline (T_0 ) (P

Eighty-seven patients with hyperthyroidism were enrolled in a retrospective study,and 35.6％ of them also suffered from pulmonary hypertension(PH).Advanced age and systolic or diastolic dysfunction of left heart were risk factors in the mechanism of PH associated with hyperthyroidism (all P＜0.05).However,autoimmune disorder was found as a non-related factor in the mechanism of PH(P＞0.05).

Objective:To study the characteristic of energy metabolism in moderate and severe OSA before and after CPAP. Methods:The REE was measured before and after 5-8 week treatment by CPAP in OSA patients. Health staff of single obesity in the hospital were as control. Results:During sleep, the enengy-metabolism was increased significantly in OSA patients. After treatment by CPAP, it was decreased (P

Animals ; Birds ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; genetics ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Influenza, Human ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Virulence ; genetics

Objective:To prepare and optimize sorafenib-Eudragit RS nanoparticles( S-E üPs)and investigate the physicochemi-cal properties. Methods:S-E üPs were prepared by a solvent-nonsolvent method. Single factor experiments were used to research the effect of solvent,stabilizer type,carrier ratio and the proportions of water phase and organic phase on the physicochemical properties of S-E üPs. S-E üPs were evaluated by the particle size,zeta potential and morphology,and the in vitro drug release of S-E üPs was studied using dialysis technology. Results:The mean size was(86. 72 ± 3. 71)nm,the PDI and zeta potential was(0. 20 ± 0. 032)and (36. 6 ± 0. 3)mV,respectively,S-E üPs showed spherical shape with uniform distribution. The drug release in vitro was accorded with a Weibull equation. Conclusion:The solvent-nonsolvent method is appropriate for the preparation of S-E üPs. The nanoparticles have small particle size,uniform distribution,regular morphology and significant sustained-release property.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Cell Line ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; drug effects ; Humans ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism

The origin and development of umbilical therapy in traditional Chinese medicine is explored from related literature in the history. As a result, the Shang period is regarded as initial period of umbilical therapy, while periods from Han Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Southern-Northern Dynasties to Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty could be taken as stage of primary development. Time from Song Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties is believed as mature stage. Also the manipulation, application principle, indications and contraindications of umbilical therapy are explained. A brief overview of modern development of umbilical therapy is also described.
China ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; methods ; Umbilicus ; physiology

Objective To investigate the relationship between intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction with near-infrared cerebral oximeter (INVOS 5100) in patients operated under inhalational combined intravenous anesthesia, and to determine the critical rSO2 value below which postoperative cognitive dysfunction may occur. Methods Sixty ASAⅠ-Ⅱ patients of both sexes were selected, aged 62-80yr, weighed 58-77kg, scheduled for elective abdominal surgery or surgery on the low limb. All the patients were divided into three groups according to their educational background: in group Ⅰ were the illiterate and uneducated patients (n=20);group Ⅱ the primarily educated patients (<6yr education) (n=20), and group Ⅱ the well educated patients (>6yr education) (n=20). Each group was further divided into isoflurane and sevoflurane subgroups (n=10 in each subgroup). All patients received no pre-medication. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous atropine 0.3mg, propofol 1.0-1.5mg kg-1, fentanyl 2-3μg*kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1-0.2mg*kg-1, and maintained with isoflurane or sevoflurane inhalation(0.9-1.1 MAC) supplemented with intermittent i.v. boluses of fentanyl, and recorded after entering room (baseline) (T0), after O2 inhalation (T1), after induction of anesthesia (T2), after skin incision (T3), during operation (T4), the end of surgery (T5), and awaking (T6). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed before anesthesia and 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24h after surgery. BP, HR, ECG, SpO2, PETCO2 and end-tidal concentration of inhalational anesthetics were continuously monitored during anesthesia. Results In all three groups rSO2 was significantly lower during operation (T4) and at the end of surgery (T5) than baseline (T0) (P<0.05). In all patients the MMSE scores at 1h after operation were significantly lower than the baseline value (P<0.05). The MMES scores in all patients significantly declined within 1-4h after surgery, and the cognitive function recovered at 4h after surgery in 85% patients. The critical values of rSO2 below which postoperative cognition dysfunction may occur were: 45 (group Ⅰ), 47 (group Ⅱ) and 49 (group Ⅲ) for isoflurane anesthesia subgroups;47 (group Ⅰ), 48 (group Ⅱ) and 50 (group Ⅲ) for sevoflurane subgroups. Conclusion The perioperative rSO2 should be maintained up to above 50% to reduce the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction under inhalational combined intravenous anesthesia.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different anesthetic methods on myocardial function after the CABG operation and compare the hemodynamic variables under the propofol total intravenous anesthesia with high dosages fentanyl anesthesia. Methods 12 patients (ASA Ⅲ) undergoing selective CABG operation under CPB were randomly divided into two groups (with 6 in each): Group Ⅰ (large dosages of fentanyle anesthesia), and Group Ⅱ (propofol total intravenous anesthesia). The hemodynamic parameters were recorded after induction of anesthesia, after sternotomy, after CPB, and after closure of thoracostomy. Results There were no significant differences of MBP, HR, SVRI, CI, LVEF, and A/E, Tei index between the two groups. Conclusion The method of propofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) was safe, effective and praticable for the CABG operations under CPB.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of spectral entropy including response entropy(RE)and state entropy(SE)as a new electroencephalographic measure of depth of sedation during general anesthesia.Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 20-55 yr undergoing elective abdominal surgery were studied.Anesthesia Was induced with intravenous propofol,fentanyl and vecuronium.After tracheal intubation anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane inhalation and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium.BP,HR,SpO2,spectral entropy(Datex-Ohmeda)and BIS(Aspect Medical)were monitored during anesthesia.Loss of eyelash reflex and unresponsiveness to verbal stimulus and mild prodding and shaking were considered to be signs of loss of consciousness(LOC).The time of regaining consciousness Was defined as the time when patients started responding to verbal commands.RE,SE and BIS were recorded before anesthesia(baseline),10 min before LOC,immediately after LOC,immediately after tracbeal intubation,1 h after skin incision,10 min before regaining consciousness immediately after consciousness was regained and 10 min after extubation.Results There were sisnificant changes in RE,SE and BIS during the transition from consciousness to LOC.The RE,SE and BIS values for LOC were 76,73 and 68 with sensitivity of 94%,95%and 92%and specificity of 92%,94%and 91%respectively.The accuracy of RE.SE and BIS in predicting LOC was 93%,95%and 94%respectively.The RE,SE and BIS values for regaining consciousness were 82,75 and 70 with sensitivity of 95%,95%and 91%and specificity of 93%,96%and 93%respectively.The accuracy in predicting regaining of consciousness was 98%,96%and 97%respectively.Conclusion Entropy index Can accurately monitor level of sedation during general anesthesia.