Objective To investigate the relationship of intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation(rSO_2 )monitored with near-infrared cerebral oximeter (INNOS 5100) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patientsoperated upon under isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia and to determine the critical rSO_2 value below whichpostoperative cognitive dysfunction may occur.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ- Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 62-80 yr,weighing58-77 kg schedules for elective abdominal surgery or surgery on the low limb were divided into threegroups according to their levels of education: group Ⅰthe illierate and uneducated (n = 20); group Ⅱ primaryschool education (6yr education (n = 20). Each group was furtherdivided into isoflurane and sevoflurane subgroups (n = 10 in each subgroup). The patients were unpremedicated.Anesthesia was induced with intravenous atropine 0. 3mg, propofol 1 .0-1. 5 mg?kg~(-1), fentanyl 2-3?g?kg~(-1) andvecuronium o. 1-0.2 mg?kg~(-1) and maintained with isoflurane or sevoflurane inhalation (0.9-1. 1 MAC )supplemented with intermittent i.v. boluses of fentanyl and recorded before anesthesia (baseline), after O_2inhalation(T_1), after induction of anesthesia(T_2), after skin incision (T_3), during operation (T_4)and at the end ofsurgery (T_5). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed before anesthesia and 1,4, 8, 12 and 24 hafter surgery. BP, HR, ECG, SpO_2, P_(ET) CO_2 and end-tidal concentration of inhalational anesthetics werecontinuously monitored during anesthesia. Results In all three groups rSO_2 was significantly lower during operation(T_4) and at the end of surgery (T_5 ) than baseline (T_0 ) (P

Objective:To study the characteristic of energy metabolism in moderate and severe OSA before and after CPAP. Methods:The REE was measured before and after 5-8 week treatment by CPAP in OSA patients. Health staff of single obesity in the hospital were as control. Results:During sleep, the enengy-metabolism was increased significantly in OSA patients. After treatment by CPAP, it was decreased (P

Eighty-seven patients with hyperthyroidism were enrolled in a retrospective study,and 35.6％ of them also suffered from pulmonary hypertension(PH).Advanced age and systolic or diastolic dysfunction of left heart were risk factors in the mechanism of PH associated with hyperthyroidism (all P＜0.05).However,autoimmune disorder was found as a non-related factor in the mechanism of PH(P＞0.05).

Animals ; Birds ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; genetics ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Influenza, Human ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Virulence ; genetics

Objective:To prepare and optimize sorafenib-Eudragit RS nanoparticles( S-E üPs)and investigate the physicochemi-cal properties. Methods:S-E üPs were prepared by a solvent-nonsolvent method. Single factor experiments were used to research the effect of solvent,stabilizer type,carrier ratio and the proportions of water phase and organic phase on the physicochemical properties of S-E üPs. S-E üPs were evaluated by the particle size,zeta potential and morphology,and the in vitro drug release of S-E üPs was studied using dialysis technology. Results:The mean size was(86. 72 ± 3. 71)nm,the PDI and zeta potential was(0. 20 ± 0. 032)and (36. 6 ± 0. 3)mV,respectively,S-E üPs showed spherical shape with uniform distribution. The drug release in vitro was accorded with a Weibull equation. Conclusion:The solvent-nonsolvent method is appropriate for the preparation of S-E üPs. The nanoparticles have small particle size,uniform distribution,regular morphology and significant sustained-release property.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Cell Line ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; drug effects ; Humans ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol and inhalation anesthetics on the implicit memory under general anesthesia and determine the critical value of auditory evoked potential index (AEI) at which implicit memory no longer exists. Methods Sixty ASA I-II patients of both sexes scheduled for elective abdominal surgery or surgery on lower limb were enrolled in the study. They averaged (41.25?9.25) years and (63.8?9.57) kg. Patients with psychoneural or memory disorders were excluded. The patients were randomly divided into five groups of 12 patients in each group: isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, propofol and control group. Each inhalation anesthetic group was further divided into two subgroups based on their end-tidal concentration: 0.8 or 1 .0 MAC. Propofol group was divided into two groups based on the infusion rate: 8 mg.kg. h-1 or 10mg.kg.h-1 . In control group operation was performed under epidural anesthesia. The patients were unpremedicated. Anesthesia was induced with propofot 1 .5-2.0 mg.kg and vecuronium 0. 　-0.2mg.kg-1, and maintained with inhalation anesthetic or propofol infusion supplemented with intermittent boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. AEI was continuously monitored and recorded before anesthesia (T0), when the patient was sleepy (T1 ) and did not respond to verbal command (T2 ), after intubation (T3), after skin incision (T4), when peritoneum was being closed (or 30 min before the surgery) ( T5 ) and during emergence from anesthesia ( T6 ) . Eight hours after surgery muddy identified hearing rate was determined. Hemodynamic parameters were continuously monitored during operation. Results There was significant difference in AEI between the two subgroups before and after induction (P

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol sedation on different areas of cerebral cortex and memory during operation performed under epidural anesthesia using EEG non-linear monitor and determine the critical value of approximate entropy, the EEG non-linear parameter, without implicit memory.Methods Ten ASA I or II patients of both sexes aged 42-56 yr weighing 59-73 kg undergoing elective abdominal or lower limb operation under epidural anesthesia were enrolled in the study. The patients were unpremedicated. After correct placement of epidural catheter was confirmed, a mixture of 2% lidocaine and 0.3% tetracaine 13-15 ml was injected via the catheter. Propofol was then infused i.v. at 6 mg?kg-1?h-1 for sedation. BP, HR and SpO2 were continuously monitored. The EEG non-linear monitor (ZN16E) was used. The sensors were placed on frontal (FP1 , FP2 ) , temporal (T3 , T4 ), parietal (C3 , C4 ) and occipital ( O1 , O2 ) regions. Approximate entropy and topographic map of approximate entropy were recorded before and during propofol infusion. Sedation scores (OAA/S, 1 = deep sleep, 5 = alert) were assessed during operation The patients' explicit and implicit memory scores were estimated by Process Dissociation Procedure during anesthesia sedateon Results The approximate entropy was significantly decreased during propofol sedation compared to the baseline value before sedation. OAA/S score were maintained at 1 during operation. The explicit and implicit memory scores were significantly decreased during propofol sedation compared to the baseline scores before anesthesia sedation( P

0.05).Furthermore,logistic regressive equations of prediction probability and RE,SE,BIS were calculated as ln [Pk/(1-Pk)]=-19.825+0.243x,ln [Pk/(1-Pk)]=-18.012+0.236x and ln [Pk/(1-Pk)]=-21.780+0.316x,respectively.From the perspective of sensitivity/specificity,RE,SE and BIS had threshold values for regaining consciousness of 83,76 and 71 with sensitivity/specificity of 0.90/0.85,0.89/0.80 and 0.88/0.78,respectively.RE was 30s earlier than BIS in predicting regaining consciousness.Conclusion Compared with BIS,entropy index seems to be a more accurate and sensitive electroencephalographic measure,and is promising in clinical application.

0.05),while the entropy index showed significant differences between the two groups(P