Waardenburg syndrome is a very rare auditory-pigment syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance. In his first report in 1951, Waardenburg characterized this syndrome as dystopia canthorum, a high broad nasal bridge, synophrys[confluent eyebrows], heterochromia iridid, a white forelock or early graying, and sensory neural deafness. We observed a case of Type 2 Waardenburg syndrome with openangle glaucoma and, therefore report with literature review.
Deafness ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Waardenburg Syndrome* ; Wills

Nevus sebaceus is an ozganoid nevus of sebaceous differentiation first described by Jydassohn in 1895 and commonly develops on scalp or face as a single lesion. But it may be multiple end extensive, and often associated with abnormallities-convulsion, megtal retardation, neurological defects, skeletal defects, or ocular abnormalities. We have experienced a case of 22-year-old male who has since birth had- multiple nevus sebaceus on she left side of face and trunk, epidermal nevi on parts of the face, and wide nevus spilus and numerous pigmenteri nevi on the left side of trunk and the left upper extremity. He has histories of convulsions and mental retardation. EEG showed minimal abnormality. Skull x-ray and other routine examinations were within normsl limits. We report a case of nevus sebaceus syndrome which may be considered as a neurocutaneous syndrome.
Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes* ; Nevus* ; Parturition ; Scalp ; Seizures ; Skull ; Upper Extremity ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to identify the socio-psychiatric aspects of adolescent criminal offences reported on daily newspapers and to use them as basic materials for prevention of adolescent criminal offences. METHODS: The author analysed 681 cases of adolescent criminal offenders, including 642 males and 39 females who reported on daily newspaper such as DongA Ilbo and Chung-Cheong Ilbo, aged from 12 through 21. In data analysis, the subjects were divided into two subgroups as the student(261 cases) and the non-student(420 cases). RESULTS: 1) The rate of student were more common in female and younger in their age group comparing with the non-student. Recently, the incidence of student's offences of all adolescent of offences were remarkably increased, while those of the non-student was Decreased. 2) Violence and theft or group offences were more common in the student, while felony or solitary offences were more frequently observed in the non-student. The more vulnerable time of criminal offences in the student were more in afternoon, while the non-student were more in midnight. 3) The psychological conflicts and the economical causes were the most ones in the student, while the curiosity, the personality problems and the heterosexual conflicts were more common in the lion-student. physical aggressions were more prominent ones in the student, compared with the instrumental aggression in the non-student. 4) The student committed offense more in the patterns of group offences with peers, younger in their age and were more often with their peer students, while the non-student committed offense more in the patterns of solitary crime, more prevalent with older aged jobless peers. 5) Most of the victims in the student were more abused to the intimate persons, and more younger students, while those in the non-student were more abused to the unknown persons and more older aged adolescents. CONCLUSION: In order to prevent and correct increasing trends of violence in school, nationwide guidance programs should be promptly applied through promotion of psychological wellbeing in family and school, proper guidance to peer relationship, and providing more opportunities for sound recreational activities in evening time to help dissipate the frustration of the adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Aggression ; Crime ; Criminals* ; Exploratory Behavior ; Female ; Frustration ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Male ; Periodicals* ; Statistics as Topic ; Theft ; Violence

BACKGROUND: Fear of dental treatment is a very real problem for many people. Very young patients or children that are mentally or physically handicapped have various problems that preclude routine dental treatment in the office and require general anesthesia for extensive dental restoration. In America, outpatient operations are performed in thousands of dental offices annually, but there is no report about outpatient general anesthesia in Korea. METHOD: A review of forty children treated under outpatient general anesthesia for extensive dental treatment between 1994 and 1996 inclusive was carried out to assess the patient selection, anesthetic method, recovery time and complication. RESULTS: The mean age was 8.4 years, and twenty-five percent of the patients were autism. The length of the postoperative observation period before discharge was 3.2 hours, and postoperative fever was major complication. CONCLUSION: For extensive dental treatment in handicapped children, we suggest that outpatient general anesthesia can provide reasonably safe treatment, while reducing its expense and requiring less hospital bed space.
Americas ; Anesthesia, General* ; Autistic Disorder ; Child* ; Dental Offices ; Disabled Children ; Disabled Persons* ; Fever ; Humans ; Korea ; Outpatients* ; Patient Selection

Adrenal incidentalomas are adrenal masses serendipitously detected during an imaging study performed for reasons unrelated to suspicion of adrenal disease. The incidence of adrenal incidentalomas has increased because of the widespread use of various imaging modalities. In oncology patients with adrenal incidentalomas, the characterization of the adrenal masses is challenging because nearly 50% of incidental adrenal masses are metastatic lesions that need special medical attention. Although unenhanced computed tomography (CT) densitometry, chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), delayed contrast-enhanced CT and CT histogram analysis have been used as sensitive and specific modalities for differentiating benign from malignant adrenal masses, F-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET)/CT is a highly accurate imaging modality compared to CT or MRI, especially when these two imaging modalities are combined. In addition, a semiquantitative analysis using standardized uptake value ratio further improves the diagnostic accuracy of F-18 FDG PET/CT in differentiating benign from malignant adrenal masses. Thus, F-18 FDG PET/CT is very helpful for determining the best therapeutic management, especially for assessing the need for surgery.
Densitometry ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Electrons* ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

In order to evaluate the efficiency of serological typing of A. baumannii in practical application, a total of 63 strains of A. baumannii and 234 strains of Gram-negative, lactose non-fermenting bacteria were tested with polyclonal rabbit immunized sera (RIS) against heat-killed A. baumannii strains by slide agglutination tests. Six typing sera of RIS were finally obtained after the checkerboard agglutination test and reciprocal cross-absorption. Species identification of sixty-three strains of A. baumannii were confirmed by ribotyping. Forty-seven (74.6%) of the 63 strains of A. baumannii showed strong positive reaction by slide agglutination tests. Thirty-nine strains could be serotypable and thus classified into 6 distinct serovars of A. baumannii, but 8 strains were unable to classify into specific serovar. Serovar 4 was the most frequent arbitrary serovar and included 17 strains among the 39. When slide agglutination tests were performed with 50-fold diluted pooled polyclonal RIS, there was no cross-reactions except one of E. coli strain among 234 strains of various Gram-negative lactose non-fermenting. Although each profile of LPS-gel electrophoresis of A. baumannii appeared to be unrelated with serovar, the patterns of western-blot of LPS after immunostaining with homologous RIS showed serovar-specificity. Several fractions of low molecular weight LPS showed cross-reaction with antisera of other serovars. In conclusion, the sensitivity and specificity of serological identification of A. baumannii strains were 74.6% and 99.6%, respectively. This result suggests that serotyping is a useful method for the identification of A. baumannii strains as well as is the epidemiological tool to trace back the source of the nosocomial outbreaks.
Acinetobacter baumannii* ; Acinetobacter* ; Agglutination Tests ; Bacteria ; Disease Outbreaks ; Electrophoresis ; Immune Sera ; Lactose ; Molecular Weight ; Ribotyping ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serotyping

OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to reveal correlations between the severity of the alopecia and their alopecia related variables such as patterns of hair loss, psychiatric characteristics, associate illnesses, and methods of treatment and to use them as basic materials for proper manaement and early prevention of the alopecia prone cases. METHODS: In order to analyze correlation between the severity of psychopathogy and the severity of hair losses, the subjects were divided into two subgroups as the 60 case of alopecia areata and the 33 cases of alopecia totalis with more severely affected loss of hairs, who had visited to the department of psychiatry after they were consulted from the department of dermatology, Yongsan hopital, ChungAng University, Seoul, Korea, from January 1998 to December 1998. In data analysis, the subjects were statistically assesed by chi-squre test and T-test through SPSS-PC+ 8.0V. RESULTS: 1) Those with the more severely affected alopecia were more likely to visit to the department of dermatology in winter, and to show lower socioeconomical level in comparison to the alopecia areata. 2) Those with the more severely affected alopecia were more likely to show past history of alopecia, to recur frequently more than 3 times, to be damaged more severely, to have an younger mean age at onset of alopecia, to have longer total duration of hair loss than 2 years, to have longer recent duration of hair loss than 9 months, to have more loss of hairs on the vertex area at onset of alopecia, to have more loss of hairs in eyebrows, to have more loss of hairs more than 2 areas, to have more family history of alopecia in their parent, and to have poorer prognosis in comparison to those of the alopecia areata. 3) Psychosocial stress were positively correlated with the severity of loss of hairs. In the more severely affected alopecia group, their degree of stress were perceived higher. The more severely affected patients with alopecia , were poorer in their adjustment in family life,interpersonal relations or heterosexual relations, and suffered more from intrafamilial life changes in comparison to those of the alopecia areata group. 4) Those with the more severly affected alopecia were more likely to show serious psychopathology such as an increased rate of the depression, to complain more frequently with anxiety symptoms or depressive symptoms, to have personality disorders including the histrionic or the passive aggressive traits in comparison to the alopecia areata. 5) Those with the more severly affected alopecia were more likely to show neurotic MMPI code profiles such as histrionic or hypochondriacal trends. 6) Antianxiety drug such as alprazolam and drug therapies including tretinin,polytar or oral sorarens plus ultra-violet light A photochemotherapy were significantly more effective in the treatment of those with the more severly affected alopecia group. CONCLUSION: The most important factors in developing a psychopathologic reaction to the hair loss due to alopecia seems to be the presence of mental disorders including depression, the presence of stressful life events such as intrafamilial life changes, the presence of a significantly higher percentages of personality disorders such as the hysterical or the passive aggressive, and the presence of the psychosocial sequele and maladjustment in various life situations. From the above facts, the authors suggested that dermatologists acting as the primary care physician are in a unique position to recognize psychiatric comorbidity and execute meaningful intervention for patients with alopecia with psychiatrists.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Alprazolam ; Anxiety ; Climacteric ; Comorbidity ; Depression ; Dermatology ; Drug Therapy ; Equidae ; Eyebrows ; Hair ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Disorders ; MMPI ; Parents ; Personality Disorders ; Photochemotherapy ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Prognosis ; Psychiatry ; Psychopathology ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic

The patch test reaction is artificially induced allergic contact dermatitis to prove the cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis is classically regarded as a delayed hypersensitivity composed of the simple cutanous infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. Recently several authors observed new morphologic findings in allergic contact dermatitis including infiltration and piecemeal degranulation of basophils, degranulation and replication of fixed tissue mast, cells, increased vascular permeability leading to dermal and epidermal edema, microvascular alterations affecting endothelial cells and pericytes, and activation of the clotting system, with deposition of fibrin in a characeristic inravascular pattern in the reticular dermis. And they proposed new hypotbesis that the vaoactive amines released by basophils and mast cells have the crucial role in eliciting allergic contact dermatitis. We studied the effect of antihistamine on allergic contact dermatitis caused by dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB). with phenirarnine maleate,(Avil) 136.5mg/d in 15 young adult male persons. Clinically the degree of the skin reaction is decreased in 9 of 15 persons after tie ingestion of pheniramine maleate. and histopathologically the epidermal and dermal changes are ameliorated in accordance with the clinic':1 improvement. Our results indicate that the histamine also participates in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis.
Amines ; Basophils ; Capillary Permeability ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermis ; Eating ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Fibrin ; Histamine ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Male ; Mast Cells ; Patch Tests* ; Pericytes ; Pheniramine ; Skin ; Young Adult

Glassy cell carcinoma (GCC) of the uterine cervix is a rare and highly malignant tumor, accounting for only 1%~2% of all cervical carcinomas. It is typically composed of malignant cells having a moderate amount of cytoplasm with "ground glass" appearance, distinct cell membranes that stain with eosin or periodic acid-Schiff, and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Since its original description in 1956 by Glucletmann and Cherry, 200 - 250 cases of GCC of the uterine cervix have been listed in the literature. We report here the clinicopathological study of one case of glassy cell carcinoma with brief review of the literature.
Cell Membrane ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cytoplasm ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Prunus

No abstract available.
Common Variable Immunodeficiency* ; Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Immune System Diseases